Abstract Relatively few shell midden sites around the Gulf of Maine have been excavated and analyzed for the quantity of shellfish incorporated into the site. Such data would help us understand the intensity of past shellfish-harvesting pressure on nearby shellfish beds, and the ef fects of shellfish collection on settlement patterns. Moreover , the relative amounts of protein contributed to diet by shellfish versus vertebrates, based on the remains discarded in the midden, indicate that shellfish may have provided the majority of dietary protein. In particular, the softshell clam (Mya arenaria) was of primary importance to regional coastal subsistence and not just a bad-w eather, last-resort food.
{"title":"People of the Clam: Shellfish and Diet in Coastal Maine Late Archaic and Ceramic Period Sites","authors":"A. Spiess","doi":"10.3721/037.002.sp1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3721/037.002.sp1010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 Relatively few shell midden sites around the Gulf of Maine have been excavated and analyzed for the quantity of shellfish incorporated into the site. Such data would help us understand the intensity of past shellfish-harvesting pressure on nearby shellfish beds, and the ef fects of shellfish collection on settlement patterns. Moreover , the relative amounts of protein contributed to diet by shellfish versus vertebrates, based on the remains discarded in the midden, indicate that shellfish may have provided the majority of dietary protein. In particular, the softshell clam (Mya arenaria) was of primary importance to regional coastal subsistence and not just a bad-w eather, last-resort food.","PeriodicalId":38506,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North Atlantic","volume":"160 1","pages":"105 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77342590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Dwellings are unique arenas in which hunter-gatherers meet socially on a daily basis. Increasingly, archaeologists recognize that the relationships between people, entities, places, and objects form the basis of hunter-gatherer ontology. The spatial patterning of dwellings and the activities within them are among the ways that relational ontologies are expressed and maintained. We consider the gendered patterning of Maritime Woodland period architecture and space at Port Joli Harbour as a way in which ancient Wabanaki, and in particular ancestral Mi'kmaq, may have expressed their cosmologies. Consistency and variability in such patterning offers insight into how people maintained a sacred ecology. Dwellings provide scales at which to consider these relationshi ps when tracking the role of history and tradition.
{"title":"A Relational Approach to Hunter-Gatherer Architecture and Gendered Use of Space at Port Joli Harbour, Nova Scotia","authors":"M. G. Hrynick, Matthew w. Betts","doi":"10.3721/037.002.sp1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3721/037.002.sp1004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dwellings are unique arenas in which hunter-gatherers meet socially on a daily basis. Increasingly, archaeologists recognize that the relationships between people, entities, places, and objects form the basis of hunter-gatherer ontology. The spatial patterning of dwellings and the activities within them are among the ways that relational ontologies are expressed and maintained. We consider the gendered patterning of Maritime Woodland period architecture and space at Port Joli Harbour as a way in which ancient Wabanaki, and in particular ancestral Mi'kmaq, may have expressed their cosmologies. Consistency and variability in such patterning offers insight into how people maintained a sacred ecology. Dwellings provide scales at which to consider these relationshi ps when tracking the role of history and tradition.","PeriodicalId":38506,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North Atlantic","volume":"18 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86468704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper reports results of test excavations conducted at BjCo-02, a shell midden on the Mi'kmaw island of Maligomish located off the southern coast of the Northumberland Strait in northeastern Nova Scotia. While the site yielded few artifacts, preliminary observations indicate changes in the proportions of the two dominant shellfish species (eastern oyster and soft-shell clam) between 1500 and 500 y.b.p. The appearance of eastern oyster at ca. 1500 y.b.p. and its virtual absence ca. 500 y.b.p. suggest that the Maligomish midden conforms and, at the same time, challenges previously observed patterns at other shell midden sites in the Maritime Provinces of Canada and along the east coast of the United States. Drawing on the preliminary archaeological data from BjCo-02, and previous palynological studies from the region, this paper argues for the recognition of Northumberland Strait as a unique environment within the broader northeastern North American region. The paper also makes recommendations for future research to confirm the apparent species shift, including the proper calibration of radiocarbon dates to account for marine reservoir effects.
{"title":"Temporal Changes in Marine Shellfish? A Preliminary Archaeological Perspective from the Northumberland Strait","authors":"Michelle A. Lelièvre","doi":"10.3721/037.002.sp1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3721/037.002.sp1006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper reports results of test excavations conducted at BjCo-02, a shell midden on the Mi'kmaw island of Maligomish located off the southern coast of the Northumberland Strait in northeastern Nova Scotia. While the site yielded few artifacts, preliminary observations indicate changes in the proportions of the two dominant shellfish species (eastern oyster and soft-shell clam) between 1500 and 500 y.b.p. The appearance of eastern oyster at ca. 1500 y.b.p. and its virtual absence ca. 500 y.b.p. suggest that the Maligomish midden conforms and, at the same time, challenges previously observed patterns at other shell midden sites in the Maritime Provinces of Canada and along the east coast of the United States. Drawing on the preliminary archaeological data from BjCo-02, and previous palynological studies from the region, this paper argues for the recognition of Northumberland Strait as a unique environment within the broader northeastern North American region. The paper also makes recommendations for future research to confirm the apparent species shift, including the proper calibration of radiocarbon dates to account for marine reservoir effects.","PeriodicalId":38506,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North Atlantic","volume":"14 1","pages":"42 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75484303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Five seasons of survey and excavation in Port Joli Harbour, NS, Canada, have resulted in a high-resolution archaeofaunal sample from 2 contrasting shell-bearing sites: AlDf-24, and AlDf-30 (Jack's Brook). In this paper, we discuss the evidence for differences in mollusk-, fish-, and mammal-harvesting strategies between contemporaneously occupied sites. Furthermore, we highlight shifts in Mi'kmaw exploitation of coastal resources around the Middle to Late Maritime Woodland transition (ca. 1300 cal B.P.). Finally, we present insights regarding shellfish-harvesting strategies and site seasonality from isotopic analysis of softshell clam (Mya arenaria) shells. In the process, we construct a history of human—animal relationships in Port Joli, and reveal crucial similarities and important differences with Wabanaki economic strategies in adjacent regions.
在加拿大的Joli港进行了五个季节的调查和挖掘，从两个不同的贝壳遗址:AlDf-24和AlDf-30 (Jack's Brook)中获得了高分辨率的考古样本。在本文中，我们讨论了软体动物，鱼类和哺乳动物在同一时期被占领的地点的收获策略差异的证据。此外，我们强调了在中晚期海洋林地过渡(约1300 cal B.P.)前后Mi'kmaw沿海资源开发的转变。最后，我们从软壳蛤(Mya arenaria)壳的同位素分析中提出了有关贝类捕捞策略和地点季节性的见解。在此过程中，我们构建了Joli港人与动物关系的历史，并揭示了与邻近地区Wabanaki经济战略的关键相似之处和重要差异。
{"title":"An Economic History of the Maritime Woodland Period in Port Joli Harbour, Nova Scotia","authors":"Matthew w. Betts, M. Burchell, B. Schöne","doi":"10.3721/037.002.sp1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3721/037.002.sp1005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Five seasons of survey and excavation in Port Joli Harbour, NS, Canada, have resulted in a high-resolution archaeofaunal sample from 2 contrasting shell-bearing sites: AlDf-24, and AlDf-30 (Jack's Brook). In this paper, we discuss the evidence for differences in mollusk-, fish-, and mammal-harvesting strategies between contemporaneously occupied sites. Furthermore, we highlight shifts in Mi'kmaw exploitation of coastal resources around the Middle to Late Maritime Woodland transition (ca. 1300 cal B.P.). Finally, we present insights regarding shellfish-harvesting strategies and site seasonality from isotopic analysis of softshell clam (Mya arenaria) shells. In the process, we construct a history of human—animal relationships in Port Joli, and reveal crucial similarities and important differences with Wabanaki economic strategies in adjacent regions.","PeriodicalId":38506,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North Atlantic","volume":"R-32 1","pages":"18 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84758832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dedication and General Acknowledgments","authors":"Matthew w. Betts, M. G. Hrynick","doi":"10.3721/037.002.SP1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3721/037.002.SP1002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38506,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North Atlantic","volume":"5 1","pages":"i - i"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81965036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ii Brian Robinson (b. 23 February 1953) lost a battle with pancreatic cancer on 27 October 2016. As an Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology and the Climate Change Institute at the University of Maine (Orono), his research focused on coastal adaptations, response to climate change, and hunter-gatherer cultures of the Northeast from the Paleoindian to the Contact periods. Brian had also done much work on Alaskan Pleistocene and early Holocene collections with Fred West of the Peabody Essex Museum, so he had the “big picture” of the peopling of the Americas in mind. Years of working in Vermont provided region-wide experience and perspective. While at the University of Maine, Brian taught both undergraduates and graduate students. He was an excellent teacher at both levels, especially beloved by his graduate students as a mentor for his style of sharing his knowledge and intellectual excitement as he provided direction. He worked closely on many archaeology projects with Passamaquoddy and Penobscot Tribal Historic Preservation Officers, and taught tribal members as undergraduates in University field work and the classroom. He collaborated with the Tribes on research and fieldwork design that has benefitted and incorporated both tribal and professional understanding of the last few thousand years. Brian worked well with avocational archaeologists, and believed that they had much to contribute. He also demonstrated that museum collections and older excavation records could contribute much to current archaeology. His meticulous work over 20 or more years with Bill Eldridge and the other “Bull Brook boys”, their memories, and their excavation records in reconstructing a clearly organized sitesettlement pattern for the Paleoindian Bull Brook site will be a legendary example of drawing anthropological meaning from old archaeological data (Robinson et al. 2009). As with many of Brian’s projects, graduate students were given critical parts to play in the research. Much of Brian’s research had a coastal or Gulf of Maine focus. Even his Bull Brook Paleoindian work included a coastal caribou-hunting scenario as a hypothesis (Robinson 2002). As an undergraduate at the University of New Hampshire, he began work on coastal archaeology with Charles Bolian. He then Brian Scott Robinson In Memoriam
ii Brian Robinson(生于1953年2月23日)于2016年10月27日因胰腺癌去世。作为缅因州大学(奥罗诺)人类学系和气候变化研究所的副教授，他的研究重点是沿海适应，对气候变化的反应，以及东北地区从古印第安人到接触时期的狩猎采集文化。布莱恩还和皮博迪埃塞克斯博物馆的弗雷德·韦斯特一起做了很多关于阿拉斯加更新世和全新世早期藏品的工作，所以他对美洲人类的“大图景”有了一个清晰的认识。在佛蒙特州多年的工作经历为我提供了整个地区的经验和视角。在缅因大学期间，布莱恩教授本科生和研究生。他在这两个层面上都是一位优秀的老师，尤其是他作为导师的研究生，因为他在提供指导的同时分享知识和智力兴奋的风格。他与帕萨马科迪和佩诺布斯科特部落历史保护官员密切合作，参与了许多考古项目，并在大学实地工作和课堂上教授部落成员。他与部落合作进行研究和田野调查设计，这使过去几千年来部落和专业的理解都受益匪浅。布莱恩与业余考古学家合作得很好，他相信他们能做出很多贡献。他还证明，博物馆的收藏和更早的挖掘记录对当前的考古学有很大贡献。他与比尔·埃尔德里奇(Bill Eldridge)和其他“布尔布鲁克男孩”(Bull Brook boys)合作了20多年的细致工作，他们的记忆和挖掘记录重建了古印第安人布尔布鲁克遗址的清晰组织的遗址定居模式，这将是一个从旧考古数据中汲取人类学意义的传奇例子(Robinson et al. 2009)。与布赖恩的许多项目一样，研究生在研究中发挥了关键作用。布莱恩的大部分研究都集中在沿海或缅因湾。甚至他的布尔布鲁克古印第安人研究也将沿海驯鹿狩猎场景作为假设(Robinson 2002)。在新罕布什尔大学(University of New Hampshire)读本科时，他开始与查尔斯·波利安(Charles Bolian)一起从事海岸考古工作。他随后纪念布莱恩·斯科特·罗宾逊
{"title":"Brian Scott Robinson - In Memoriam","authors":"A. Spiess","doi":"10.3721/037.002.SP1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3721/037.002.SP1003","url":null,"abstract":"ii Brian Robinson (b. 23 February 1953) lost a battle with pancreatic cancer on 27 October 2016. As an Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology and the Climate Change Institute at the University of Maine (Orono), his research focused on coastal adaptations, response to climate change, and hunter-gatherer cultures of the Northeast from the Paleoindian to the Contact periods. Brian had also done much work on Alaskan Pleistocene and early Holocene collections with Fred West of the Peabody Essex Museum, so he had the “big picture” of the peopling of the Americas in mind. Years of working in Vermont provided region-wide experience and perspective. While at the University of Maine, Brian taught both undergraduates and graduate students. He was an excellent teacher at both levels, especially beloved by his graduate students as a mentor for his style of sharing his knowledge and intellectual excitement as he provided direction. He worked closely on many archaeology projects with Passamaquoddy and Penobscot Tribal Historic Preservation Officers, and taught tribal members as undergraduates in University field work and the classroom. He collaborated with the Tribes on research and fieldwork design that has benefitted and incorporated both tribal and professional understanding of the last few thousand years. Brian worked well with avocational archaeologists, and believed that they had much to contribute. He also demonstrated that museum collections and older excavation records could contribute much to current archaeology. His meticulous work over 20 or more years with Bill Eldridge and the other “Bull Brook boys”, their memories, and their excavation records in reconstructing a clearly organized sitesettlement pattern for the Paleoindian Bull Brook site will be a legendary example of drawing anthropological meaning from old archaeological data (Robinson et al. 2009). As with many of Brian’s projects, graduate students were given critical parts to play in the research. Much of Brian’s research had a coastal or Gulf of Maine focus. Even his Bull Brook Paleoindian work included a coastal caribou-hunting scenario as a hypothesis (Robinson 2002). As an undergraduate at the University of New Hampshire, he began work on coastal archaeology with Charles Bolian. He then Brian Scott Robinson In Memoriam","PeriodicalId":38506,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North Atlantic","volume":"15 1","pages":"ii - iv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88937137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The protohistoric period in North America is broadly characterized by transformations in indigenous lifeways. Excavations during the summer of 2015 at BgDs-25, a small shell-bearing site in the northern Quoddy Region of southwest New Brunswick, Canada, present a strong case for continuity as well as change. Some of the archaeological materials from BgDs-25, including faunal remains, lithic technology, and settlement structure, share commonalities with earlier Quoddy Region Maritime Woodland period assemblages. In conjunction with other work in this area, however, the BgDs-25 results also suggest important shifts took place in settlement, subsistence, and lithic technology during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. These shifts may have been a response to the arrival of Europeans, but may have also extended processes of change that had their initiation in the earlier Maritime Woodland period.
{"title":"Birch Cove and the Protohistoric Period of the Northern Quoddy Region, New Brunswick, Canada","authors":"S. Blair, M. Horne, A. Katherine Patton, W. Webb","doi":"10.3721/037.002.sp1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3721/037.002.sp1007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 The protohistoric period in North America is broadly characterized by transformations in indigenous lifeways. Excavations during the summer of 2015 at BgDs-25, a small shell-bearing site in the northern Quoddy Region of southwest New Brunswick, Canada, present a strong case for continuity as well as change. Some of the archaeological materials from BgDs-25, including faunal remains, lithic technology, and settlement structure, share commonalities with earlier Quoddy Region Maritime Woodland period assemblages. In conjunction with other work in this area, however, the BgDs-25 results also suggest important shifts took place in settlement, subsistence, and lithic technology during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. These shifts may have been a response to the arrival of Europeans, but may have also extended processes of change that had their initiation in the earlier Maritime Woodland period.","PeriodicalId":38506,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North Atlantic","volume":"10 1","pages":"59 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74672937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Faunal assemblages from Maritime Woodland period shell-bearing archaeological sites in the Maritime Provinces show that people living on marine shorelines practiced foraging/collecting adaptations focused on the resources of the littoral zone and inshore waters. The hunting of sea mammals, especially the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) and the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), was a significant aspect of this adaptation. Evidence suggests that people hunted seals when the animals were hauled out on intertidal ledges, during their breeding, pupping, and moulting seasons: spring/summer for harbour seals and mid-December—early spring for grey seals. Stratigraphic, culture-historical, zooarchaeological, and paleodietary information suggest that the hunting of sea mammals peaked during the Middle Maritime Woodland and earlier Late Maritime Woodland periods (2260−930 cal B.P.).
摘要沿海省份滨海林地时期贝壳考古遗址的动物组合表明，生活在海洋海岸线上的人们对沿海地区和近岸水域的资源进行了觅食/采集适应。捕猎海洋哺乳动物，尤其是斑海豹(Phoca vitulina)和灰海豹(Halichoerus grypus)，是这种适应的一个重要方面。有证据表明，当海豹被拖到潮间带边缘时，在它们繁殖、产崽和换毛的季节，即港海豹的春夏季节和灰海豹的12月中旬至早春季节，人们就会捕杀海豹。地层、文化历史、动物考古和古饮食资料表明，海洋哺乳动物的狩猎活动在海洋林地中期和早期晚期(2260 ~ 930 cal B.P.)达到顶峰。
{"title":"Archaeological Sea Mammal Remains from the Maritime Provinces of Canada","authors":"David W. Black","doi":"10.3721/037.002.sp1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3721/037.002.sp1008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 Faunal assemblages from Maritime Woodland period shell-bearing archaeological sites in the Maritime Provinces show that people living on marine shorelines practiced foraging/collecting adaptations focused on the resources of the littoral zone and inshore waters. The hunting of sea mammals, especially the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) and the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), was a significant aspect of this adaptation. Evidence suggests that people hunted seals when the animals were hauled out on intertidal ledges, during their breeding, pupping, and moulting seasons: spring/summer for harbour seals and mid-December—early spring for grey seals. Stratigraphic, culture-historical, zooarchaeological, and paleodietary information suggest that the hunting of sea mammals peaked during the Middle Maritime Woodland and earlier Late Maritime Woodland periods (2260−930 cal B.P.).","PeriodicalId":38506,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North Atlantic","volume":"2 1","pages":"70 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89840646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Coastal and maritime environments provide a whole series of environmental and geographical factors that are integrated into our understanding of past cultural landscapes. These include both advantageous factors such as enhanced bone preservation associated with shell, as well as more deleterious factors such as site loss from sea-level rise. Good preservation can provide opportunities to explore archaeologically the ritual aspects of human—animal relationships—distinguished from more utilitarian aspects of subsistence processing—for which substantial records of oral traditions and beliefs exist. Here we focus on examples from recent excavations on Machias Bay and Frenchman Bay in Maine, spanning 4000 years.
{"title":"Maritime Culture Patterns and Animal Symbolism in Eastern Maine","authors":"B. Robinson, A. S. Heller","doi":"10.3721/037.002.sp1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3721/037.002.sp1009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 Coastal and maritime environments provide a whole series of environmental and geographical factors that are integrated into our understanding of past cultural landscapes. These include both advantageous factors such as enhanced bone preservation associated with shell, as well as more deleterious factors such as site loss from sea-level rise. Good preservation can provide opportunities to explore archaeologically the ritual aspects of human—animal relationships—distinguished from more utilitarian aspects of subsistence processing—for which substantial records of oral traditions and beliefs exist. Here we focus on examples from recent excavations on Machias Bay and Frenchman Bay in Maine, spanning 4000 years.","PeriodicalId":38506,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North Atlantic","volume":"21 1","pages":"104 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81863565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We assessed historical variations in environmental parameters affecting tree growth during the last 550 years in north-central Labrador, Canada, using dendroecological analysis of white spruce forests near two Inuit settlements. Tree surveys of both modern and archaeological wood samples provided data for dendroecological analysis of growth patterns and natural and anthropogenic disturbance regimes and enabled more-refined dendrochronological dating of the occupation of archaeological sites. Previous Quebec-Labrador peninsula dendroecological studies have focused on climatic forcing agents; this study's coupling of annual tree-growth records to local-scale historical and archaeological data facilitates examination of multi-causal disturbance patterns over time. Low-intensity human interactions with forest ecosystems were significant factors influencing local-scale subarctic forest dynamics in coastal Labrador and should be taken into consideration in other studies.
{"title":"A 550-Year Record of the Disturbance History of White Spruce Forests Near Two Inuit Settlements in Labrador, Canada","authors":"N. Roy, N. Bhiry, J. Woollett, A. Delwaide","doi":"10.3721/037.006.3101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3721/037.006.3101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 We assessed historical variations in environmental parameters affecting tree growth during the last 550 years in north-central Labrador, Canada, using dendroecological analysis of white spruce forests near two Inuit settlements. Tree surveys of both modern and archaeological wood samples provided data for dendroecological analysis of growth patterns and natural and anthropogenic disturbance regimes and enabled more-refined dendrochronological dating of the occupation of archaeological sites. Previous Quebec-Labrador peninsula dendroecological studies have focused on climatic forcing agents; this study's coupling of annual tree-growth records to local-scale historical and archaeological data facilitates examination of multi-causal disturbance patterns over time. Low-intensity human interactions with forest ecosystems were significant factors influencing local-scale subarctic forest dynamics in coastal Labrador and should be taken into consideration in other studies.","PeriodicalId":38506,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North Atlantic","volume":"10 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84474386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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