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JUDGMENT OF JUSTICE OF QUOTAS IN THE UNIVERSITY AND ITS RELATION WITH THE MORAL DEVELOPMENT 高校定额正义判断及其与道德发展的关系
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022241290t
Kênia Eliber Vieira, L. M. Caetano, Betânia Alves Veiga Dell' Agli
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the fairness of quota judgment and the level of moral competency of students and professors. This work was conducted with 317 college students and 15 professors from a base course for engineering at a Public University. We use a structured questionnaire to collect data, composed of a dilemma of quotas and eight arguments related to justice and eight to injustice of quotas. We still apply the Moral Competence Test (MCT_xt), which considers affective and cognitive aspects of the judgment and gives rise to score - C. The results indicated the low C index of the participants, conflict of interest in the judgment of the fairness of quota and the racial issue as the main disagreement factor. Among non-quota students, the higher the C index, the more they considered quotas like unfairness and among quota students, the lower the C score, the greater the choice for fairness. For judgments based on equity, as in the case of affirmative actions, higher levels of moral development would be necessary. Education has an essential role in developing students’ moral competence and, consequently, in promoting their participation in social, civic and professional life.
摘要本研究旨在探讨配额判断的公平性与学生和教授道德能力水平之间的关系。这项研究是由317名大学生和15名来自公立大学工程基础课程的教授进行的。我们使用结构化问卷来收集数据,问卷由一个配额困境和八个与配额公正和不公正相关的论点组成。我们仍然使用道德能力测试(MCT_xt),该测试考虑了判断的情感和认知方面,得出了得分- C。结果表明,参与者的C指数较低,配额公平判断中的利益冲突和种族问题是主要的分歧因素。在非配额学生中,C指数越高,他们越认为配额不公平;在配额学生中,C指数越低,选择公平的人越多。对于以公平为基础的判断,比如在平权行动的情况下,更高水平的道德发展是必要的。教育在培养学生的道德能力,从而促进他们参与社会、公民和职业生活方面发挥着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
EXTRACURRICULAR INTERNSHIP AND PURPOSE IN LIFE: PERCEPTIONS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS 课外实习与人生目标:大学生的认知
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022233762t
Gabriela Pagano Vieira, L. L. Dellazzana-Zanon
ABSTRACT Emerging adulthood is a stage of development in which individuals prepare to enter adult life. Due to its characteristics, it is a favorable period to study a purpose in life. This study aimed to investigate the conceptions of university students about extracurricular internship and its relationship with the development of the purpose in life. A focus group was carried out with three students from the psychology course. For data analysis, a content analysis was performed. The results showed that purpose in life and extracurricular internship are perceived as related. These themes are seen as beneficial for development, helping to establish identity, in the self-perception of these young people as adults and in decision-making.
初成期是个体准备进入成年生活的一个发展阶段。由于其特点,这是一个有利的时期,研究一个目标的生活。本研究旨在探讨大学生课外实习的概念及其与人生目标发展的关系。我们对心理学课程的三名学生进行了焦点小组讨论。对于数据分析,进行内容分析。结果显示,学生认为生活目标与课外实习是相关的。这些主题被视为有利于发展,有助于这些年轻人在成年后的自我认知和决策方面确立身份。
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引用次数: 0
PSYCHOLOGY AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE DEMOCRATIC SCHOOL 心理学与民主学校建设
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022267189t
Sérgio Antônio da Silva Leite
SUMMARY This text refers to the conference presented by the author at the opening of the XV CONPE, promoted by ABRAPEE, in July 2022. In the first part, the main conceptions about the role of the school in capitalist societies and their impacts on the practices developed are presented. We sought to understand whether the school represents a space for the performance of educators committed to the formation of critical and transformative citizens. Next, data are presented on the Brazilian educational reality, marked by the contradictions of a dualistic system and divided between privatist and publicist interests. In the second part, the concept of democratic school is analyzed from three dimensions: quantitative (school for all and permanence), qualitative (function and quality of teaching) and internal relations (collective work). Finally, it is argued that Psychology can have a fundamental contribution to the construction of the democratic school, provided that some conditions are assumed by psychologists: interdisciplinary action with educators, basically preventive work directed to educational planning and the overcoming of conservative theoretical conceptions, as the Medical Model.
本文指的是作者在2022年7月由ABRAPEE推动的第十五届CONPE开幕式上提出的会议。在第一部分中,介绍了关于资本主义社会中学派作用的主要概念及其对发展实践的影响。我们试图了解学校是否代表了一个致力于培养批判性和变革性公民的教育工作者的表现空间。接下来,提出了关于巴西教育现实的数据,其特点是二元制度的矛盾,分为私营化和公共性利益。第二部分从定量(全民学校和永久性学校)、定性(教学功能和质量)和内部关系(集体工作)三个维度分析了民主学校的概念。最后,有人认为,心理学可以对民主学校的建设作出根本性的贡献,前提是心理学家要具备一些条件:与教育工作者开展跨学科的行动,基本上是针对教育规划的预防性工作,以及克服保守的理论观念,如医学模式。
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引用次数: 0
A ARTE NA (RE)CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DE ADOLESCENTES EM UMA ESCOLA DO CAMPO 乡村学校青少年身份(再)建构中的艺术
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022225431
Elizabeth Martines, Suzana Rocha de Souza Azevedo, M. E. S. Leme
RESUMO Este trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa que problematizou a construção da identidade do adolescente em processo de escolarização e sua relação com o ensino de Arte. Seu objetivo foi compreender a influência da Arte na construção da identidade de adolescentes em uma escola do campo, através de uma pesquisa qualitativa com doze adolescentes do 6° ao 9° ano que participaram de cinco encontros de vivências artísticas filmadas, com uso de observação participante, registros ampliados e entrevistas. A Psicologia Cultural evidenciou a importância da escola no desenvolvimento da atividade criadora e do ensino da Arte na (re)construção da identidade dos adolescentes, contribuindo para a simbolização de experiências e sentimentos difíceis de serem expressos, como situações de bullying, perdas e lutos, diferenças de gênero e sexualidade. A interpretação das produções artísticas utilizadas constituiu-se em importante instrumento psicológico para lidar com emoções, refletindo-se no desenvolvimento de funções psicológicas superiores.
摘要本研究是一项研究的一部分,旨在探讨青少年在学校教育过程中的身份建构及其与艺术教学的关系。本研究的目的是通过对12名六至九年级青少年的定性研究,了解艺术对农村学校青少年身份建构的影响,他们通过参与观察、扩展记录和访谈,参与了五次拍摄的艺术体验会议。心理学强调文化的重要性,学校发展的创造性活动和(重新)建筑艺术教育的青少年的身份的象征,而经验和感情难以表达,喜欢欺负人的情况下,损失与丧亲之痛,性别差异和性别。对艺术作品的诠释是处理情感的重要心理工具,反映在高级心理功能的发展中。
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引用次数: 0
CYBERBULLYING IN THE SCHOOL CONTEXT: TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS 学校背景下的网络欺凌:教师的看法
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022226330t
Fabrine Niederauer Flôres, Danielle Machado Visentini, Suane Pastoriza Faraj, A. Siqueira
ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to understand the teachers’ conception of cyberbullying and the strategies used to deal with these situations at school. It is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach. The empirical field of the research consisted of semi-structured interviews carried out with six teachers from a public elementary and high school in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul state. After analyzing the interviews, two categories were created, namely: Violence outside the school: teachers’ perception and Actions to cope and fight cyberbullying developed by the school. It was possible to identify the existing weaknesses in the school, referring to the effectiveness in solving the problem of violence, in the teachers’ view. It emphasizes the importance of initial and continuing education for professionals who work directly with those involved, so that interventions in this aspect are more successful.
摘要本研究旨在了解学校教师对网络欺凌的认知及应对策略。这是一项采用定性方法的探索性研究。本研究的实证领域包括半结构化访谈,访谈对象为来自巴西南格兰德州内陆一所公立小学和高中的六位教师。通过对访谈的分析,我们创建了两个类别,分别是:校外暴力:教师的感知和学校制定的应对和打击网络欺凌的行动。在教师看来,可以确定学校存在的弱点,即在解决暴力问题方面的有效性。它强调对直接与有关人员合作的专业人员进行初步和继续教育的重要性,以便在这方面的干预更成功。
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引用次数: 2
AUTONOMIA E TUTELA NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR 自主与保护无极地环境
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022234600
Mauro Michel El Khouri, Vanessa Mesquita Ramos, Luciana Lobo Miranda
RESUMO O tema da autonomia está presente desde os primórdios da educação. Na sociedade atual, a autonomia estudantil nas práticas escolares pode determinar a participação política e social dos jovens. O presente estudo busca problematizar autonomia e tutela na educação formal a partir de revisão integrativa da literatura científica. A proposta implica contextualizar os referidos conceitos, traçando um cenário histórico a partir do qual se delineiam as práticas educativas que tangem autonomia e tutela. O trabalho inclui a análise de onze artigos científicos publicados na base de dados Portal Periódicos Capes entre os anos 2000 e 2019. Os resultados apontam para três eixos: a construção dos conceitos de autonomia e tutela a partir de uma trajetória histórica e filosófica; a análise crítica da sociedade a partir de orientações políticas; e, por fim, a relação entre o caráter político de autonomia e tutela e as práticas educacionais que emergem do cotidiano escolar.
自治的主题自教育之初就存在。在当今社会,学生在学校实践中的自主权可以决定年轻人的政治和社会参与。本研究旨在通过对科学文献的综合回顾,探讨正规教育中的自主与监护问题。该建议意味着将这些概念置于背景中,追溯一个历史场景,从中概述了与自治和监护有关的教育实践。这项工作包括对门户网站periodicos Capes数据库2000年至2019年间发表的11篇科学文章的分析。研究结果指向三个轴:从历史和哲学轨迹构建自治和监护的概念;从政治取向对社会进行批判性分析;最后,自治和监护的政治性质与日常学校生活中出现的教育实践之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE SYLLABUS IN PSYCHOLOGY COURSES: CURRENT CHALLENGES 心理学课程职业指导教学大纲分析:当前面临的挑战
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022234849t
Rodolfo Augusto M. Ambiel, Amanda Lays Monteiro Inácio, Deborah Paula Toniolo Galina, Tatiana Santana Matias
ABSTRACT The objective was to analyze the syllabus of the Vocational Guidance (VG) disciplines offered in Psychology courses at Brazilian universities. For the survey, a spreadsheet available on the website of the Ministry of Education (MEC) was extracted. A total of 742 Higher Education institutions were selected for final analysis, 234 of which offering the VG subject were retrieved, and 70 of these were verified. The diversity of subject titles was analyzed, with VG being the most recurrent with 40.8%, in addition, 70% belonged to the private network and 88.6% were compulsory subjects. The Southeastern region represented 40% of the analyzed syllabus, with the workload of 60 hours being the most predominant. It was found that the discipline is often offered in the eighth semester. Thirteen categories were established for analyzing the content of the syllabus. The results were examined through the scientific literature, indicating the need for greater depth in the content of the syllabus, in order to enable better training for vocational counselors.
目的是分析巴西大学心理学课程中职业指导(VG)学科的教学大纲。为了进行调查,我们提取了教育部网站上的一份电子表格。共选择742所高等教育机构进行最终分析,其中234所提供VG科目,其中70所进行了验证。对学科名称的多样性进行了分析,其中VG最常见,占40.8%,此外,70%属于专网,88.6%属于必修科目。东南地区占分析教学大纲的40%,60小时的工作量是最主要的。调查发现,这门学科通常在第八学期开设。为分析教学大纲的内容,建立了十三个类别。通过科学文献对结果进行了审查,表明教学大纲的内容需要更深入,以便更好地培训职业辅导员。
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引用次数: 0
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: QUALITY CRITERIA IN THE VOCATIONAL ORIENTATION PROGRAMS PROJECT 系统评价:职业培训项目的质量标准
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022-235549t
Leonardo García-Botero, A. Álvarez-Maestre, C. Pérez-Fuentes, Carlos-Mayobanex Cabral Rodriguez, Andrea Johana Aguilar-Barreto
ABSTRACT The present investigation explores the design of vocational guidance programs for formal education at the secondary level, to address the lack of an effective vocational guidance program suited to the sociodemographic conditions of the student population. The objective was to develop a critical synthesis of the scientific literature related to vocational and professional orientation, through applied research based on the systematic review methodology. From the analysis, it was concluded that there are essential actions in professional orientation programs to determine high levels of quality: to offer information about academic supply and labor demand, to develop occupational profiles of different careers, to offer information on interests, aptitudes and preferences, carry out training in decision making, link to the primary support group, provide strategies for the development of self-efficacy and vocational maturity, support the use of ICTs, provide strategies for the transition, prioritize the role of mentor and peers, establish a project or life plan, counting on a theoretical foundation and developing a constant evaluation of the vocational programs, during the different stages of the life cycle.
摘要:本研究旨在探讨中等水平正规教育职业指导方案的设计,以解决缺乏适合学生群体社会人口状况的有效职业指导方案的问题。目标是通过基于系统审查方法的应用研究,对与职业和专业方向有关的科学文献进行批判性综合。从分析中可以得出结论,在职业定向项目中有一些基本的行动来确定高水平的质量:提供有关学术供给和劳动力需求的信息,制定不同职业的职业概况,提供有关兴趣、能力和偏好的信息,开展决策培训,与主要支持小组建立联系,提供自我效能感和职业成熟度发展的策略,支持使用信息通信技术,提供过渡策略,优先考虑导师和同伴的作用,建立项目或人生计划,在生命周期的不同阶段,依靠理论基础并对职业课程进行持续评估。
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引用次数: 0
THE SCHOOL RELEVANCE IN THE HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS DEVELOPMENT: COUNTERING MEDICALIZATION 高等心理功能发展中的学校关联:对抗医学化
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022235560t
N. S. T. Leonardo, Silvia Maria Cintra da Silva
ABSTRACT The present study, of conceptual bibliographic nature, was based on the theoretical assumptions of Historical-Cultural Psychology. Its objective was to defend the relevance of the higher mental functions development, from school education, in opposition to the hegemonic vision that culminates in the medicalization of students. We identified that school education is the pivotal point for the good higher mental functions development, such as attention, which allows us to criticize the common practice of diagnosing students with difficulties in the schooling process as neurological “disorders”, such as ADHD, with indication of medication (methylphenidate) for treatment. We conclude that we are not facing an alarming rate of children with pathologies or neurological disorders who need medication in order to advance their schooling process, but rather children lacking, above all, a quality school education, guided by public policies that guarantee the higher mental functions development.
本文的研究是基于历史文化心理学的理论假设,具有概念目录学性质。它的目标是捍卫高等心理功能发展的相关性,从学校教育,反对霸权的愿景,最终在学生的医疗化。我们发现,学校教育是良好的高级心理功能发展(如注意力)的关键,这使我们能够批评将学生在学校学习过程中遇到困难诊断为神经“疾病”(如多动症)的常见做法,并指出需要药物(哌醋甲酯)治疗。我们得出的结论是,我们面对的并不是需要药物治疗以推进学业进程的病态或神经紊乱儿童的惊人比例,而是那些首先缺乏高质量学校教育的儿童,这些教育受到公共政策的指导,以保证更高的心理功能发展。
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引用次数: 0
A FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE DIANTE DE PROJETOS SIGNIFICATIVOS PARA ALUNAS DO ENSINO MÉDIO 高等教育学生重大项目前的教师培训
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2021-08-11 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392021223958
Fabrício Ofugi
RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o relato de uma prática profissional de um professor que resultou em uma apresentação musical de estudantes do Ensino Médio junto a um renomado grupo musical. A realização dessa prática aconteceu no contexto de reflexão sobre a prática docente entre professores do Ensino Médio no Instituto Federal de Brasília. Diante da reflexão, inspirados pela teoria fundamentada, buscou-se a geração de dados a partir de escutas em sala de aula que contribuíram para a realização de projetos que trouxessem significados para os alunos. O relato traz as etapas para a realização desses projetos. O resultado dessa experiência evidenciou a necessidade de abordagens efetivas da Psicologia na formação docente no contexto da interação com estudantes do Ensino Médio.
本文旨在介绍一位教师的专业实践报告,该实践导致了一个著名音乐团体为高中生进行的音乐演示。这种做法是在巴西利亚联邦学院高中教师反思教学实践的背景下进行的。鉴于这种反思,在扎根理论的启发下,我们试图从课堂上的听力中生成数据,这些数据有助于实现给学生带来意义的项目。报告介绍了实现这些项目的各个阶段。这一经验的结果证明了在与高中生互动的背景下,在教师培训中需要有效的心理学方法。
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引用次数: 0
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Psicologia Escolar e Educacional
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