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IMPACTO DA AUTOEFICÁCIA E DO RENDIMENTO ACADÊMICO NO ABANDONO DE ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO SUPERIOR 自我效能感和学业成绩对高等教育学生辍学的影响
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022235218
Camila Alves Fior, S. Polydoro, A. M. S. Pelissoni, Marilda Aparecida Dantas, Maria José Martins, L. Almeida
RESUMO A evasão do Ensino Superior traz implicações para os estudantes e para as universidades, e a identificação das variáveis associadas ao abandono possibilita desenvolver ações que reduzam sua ocorrência. Este estudo analisa os impactos diretos e mediados da autoeficácia, do rendimento, sexo, idade, recebimento de bolsas de auxílio social e ingresso em curso de opção preferencial na evasão. Os dados foram coletados com 346 universitários por meio de um Questionário Socioeconômico, da Escala de Autoeficácia na Formação Superior, além de informações documentais, e foram analisados pelo software AMOS. Os resultados identificaram que ser mulher e manifestar autoeficácia elevada associam-se a melhores desempenhos acadêmicos, os quais relacionam-se a riscos menores de evasão. Também se verificou que ser mulher e frequentar o curso de opção preferencial diminui as chances de abandono. Tais resultados reforçam o peso de variáveis pessoais, psicológicas, acadêmicas e de carreira na evasão e sugerem caminhos para intervenções que promovam a permanência dos estudantes.
摘要高等教育辍学率对学生和大学都有影响,识别与辍学率相关的变量可以采取行动减少辍学率的发生。本研究分析了自我效能感、收入、性别、年龄、接受社会援助和进入优先选择课程对逃避的直接和中介影响。通过社会经济问卷、高等教育自我效能量表和文献资料收集346名大学生的数据,并采用AMOS软件进行分析。结果发现,作为一名女性和表现出高自我效能感与更好的学业成绩有关,而学业成绩与较低的逃避风险有关。研究还发现,作为一名女性参加优先选择课程会减少辍学的机会。这些结果加强了个人、心理、学术和职业变量在逃避中的权重,并提出了促进学生持久性的干预方法。
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引用次数: 0
EXPANSÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR E CONSTRUÇÃO DE CARREIRA: ESTUDO MULTICASOS COM GRADUANDOS 高等教育扩张与职业建设:以本科生为研究对象的多案例研究
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022241763
Fernanda Zatti, Iúri Novaes Luna
RESUMO A expansão da educação superior no Brasil nas últimas décadas produziu contextos distintos e heterogêneos, contribuindo para a modificação do perfil sociodemográfico dos estudantes. No âmbito dos estudos sobre construção de carreira no ensino superior e com base no modelo Life Designing, esta investigação examinou o processo de construção de carreira de graduandos de instituições públicas do Alto Uruguai gaúcho, região atingida pela expansão e interiorização da educação superior. Trata-se de um estudo de casos múltiplos com seis graduandos que apresentaram diferentes níveis de adaptabilidade de carreira. Com base nas categorias de análise emergentes, os resultados indicaram que a proximidade das instituições de Ensino Superior, o contexto familiar, a necessidade de conciliar estudo e trabalho e a perspectiva de mobilidade social associada à transição para a vida adulta são temas relevantes no processo de construção de carreira dos participantes, evidenciando a importância das políticas públicas para a educação superior.
摘要近几十年来,巴西高等教育的扩张产生了不同而异质的环境,导致了学生社会人口学状况的改变。本研究在高等教育职业建设研究的背景下,以生活设计模型为基础,考察了受高等教育扩张和内化影响的上乌拉圭高乔地区公立院校本科生的职业建设过程。这是一个多案例研究,六名毕业生表现出不同程度的职业适应能力。基于类新兴的分析,结果表明,高等教育机构的亲密、家庭背景、学习和工作需要协调和社会流动性的前景和过渡到成人生活主题相关施工过程参与者的职业,比如政府的高等教育政策的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
DROPOUT FACTORS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW 高等教育中的辍学因素:文献综述
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022228736t
Paula Barroso, Í. Oliveira, Dulce Noronha-Sousa, Ana Noronha, C. Mateus, E. Vázquez-Justo, Cristina Costa-Lobo
ABSTRACT Dropping out of Higher Education is an international concern with an impact on Higher Education Institutions, in general, and on individual career paths, in particular. In order to prevent this phenomenon and support both institutions and students in their decision-making, it is urgent to identify evasion factors in higher education. A review made in published articles in international scientific journals between January 2014 and December 2018 is presented, based on the Longitudinal Institutional Evasion Model. The search was carried out in four databases, with combinations of the keywords dropout, departure, academic adjustment, college adjustment, academic integration, social integration, and higher education. Twenty-four articles that met the inclusion criteria were fully read. The articles were described and the content was systematized in meta-synthesis. Factors related to attributes prior to entering higher education were identified; objectives and commitments prior and subsequent to this entry; institutional experiences; academic and social integration. Evasion signaling measures were also identified. Implications for research, services and policies of Higher Education Institutions are discussed.
高等教育辍学是一个国际关注的问题,它对高等教育机构的总体影响,特别是对个人职业道路的影响。为了防止这种现象的发生,支持学校和学生的决策,迫切需要识别高等教育中的规避因素。基于纵向制度规避模型,对2014年1月至2018年12月在国际科学期刊上发表的文章进行了回顾。以辍学、离校、学业调整、大学调整、学业整合、社会整合和高等教育为关键词,在4个数据库中进行检索。对符合纳入标准的24篇文章进行完整阅读。在meta-synthesis中对文章进行了描述和内容系统化。确定了与进入高等教育之前的属性相关的因素;本条目之前和之后的目标和承诺;机构的经验;学术与社会融合。还确定了逃避信号措施。对高等教育机构的研究、服务和政策的影响进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 2
DOCÊNCIA NA EDUCAÇÃO À DISTÂNCIA: PROCESSOS DE SUBJETIVAÇÃO 远程教育教学:主体化过程
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022230431
Rafaela Garcia Sardi, P. D. Carvalho
RESUMO O presente estudo foi produzido para conhecer como os professores universitários vivenciaram a transição da educação superior presencial para a docência no ensino à distância, focalizando a subjetividade docente nas variações decorrentes da nova situação de trabalho. Metodologicamente trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa conduzida pela realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e que adotou como estratégia o estudo de caso visando a caracterização detalhada das mudanças produzidas nos modos de trabalhar. A discussão dos resultados revelou a enorme distância existente entre o ensino presencial e a EAD (Educação à Distância) o que evidenciou a adoção de estratégias de inserção de manutenção nas novas condições laborais. Foram evidenciados os processos de subjetivação dos docentes assim como os procedimentos de controle que passam a incidir sobre o trabalho docente na nova modalidade. Como conclusão provisória destacou-se o desaparecimento da relação presencial e a precarização do trabalho docente.
摘要本研究旨在了解大学教授如何经历高等教育向远程教学的过渡,关注教学主体性在新工作情境下的变化。在方法论上,这是一项通过半结构化访谈进行的定性研究,并采用案例研究作为策略,旨在详细描述工作方式的变化。对结果的讨论揭示了课堂教学和远程教育之间的巨大差距,这表明在新的工作条件下采用了插入维护策略。在新模式下,教师的主体化过程和控制程序开始聚焦于教学工作。作为临时结论,突出了课堂关系的消失和教学工作的不稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
TEACHER DIDACTICS AND CHILDREN’S COGNITIVE SKILLS IN EARLY SCHOOL AGE 教师教学与幼儿认知能力的关系
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022231651t
Derly Laritza Estrada Contreras, Jessica Astrid Guarín Blanco, Grimelda Lucia Cárdenas Cáceres, J. I. U. Alvarado, Edgar Díaz-Camargo, Manuel Riaño-Garzón
ABSTRACT The study analyzed the relationship between teacher didactics and cognitive skills of attention, memory, speed and verbal fluidity in first-year students of a public school in Cúcuta-Colombia. An exploratory script was used, together with qualitative analysis and mixed-source data collection, with an intentional sample of 22 students and 4 teachers. Cognitive abilities were evaluated through neuropsychological tests standardized for Colombia, and didactics were explored through semi-structured interviews following categories of teaching, learning and techniques. Cognitive skills were analyzed using descriptive statistics and interviews by categorical triangulation analysis, concluding in important children memory-speed and reduced attention and verbal fluidity, remarkable findings linked to didactics based on the use of learning sheets, repetition, mechanization, while lower results were associated with the use of video and hobbies.
摘要:本研究分析了Cúcuta-Colombia公立学校一年级学生的教师教学与注意力、记忆力、语速和语言流畅性等认知技能的关系。采用探索性脚本,结合定性分析和混合来源数据收集,有意抽样22名学生和4名教师。通过哥伦比亚标准化的神经心理学测试评估认知能力,并根据教学、学习和技术类别通过半结构化访谈探讨教学方法。通过描述性统计和分类三角分析的访谈分析了认知技能,得出结论:在重要的儿童记忆速度、注意力和语言流动性下降方面,显著的发现与使用学习纸、重复、机械化的教学有关,而使用视频和爱好的结果较低。
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引用次数: 0
FAMILY ENVIRONMENT RESOURCES AND READING PERFORMANCE BY ADOLESCENTS 家庭环境资源与青少年阅读表现的关系
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022232253t
Luciana Cássia de Jesus, Carolina Barbosa dos Santos Braga, Larissa Galvão Moraes, L. Alves, Vanessa de Oliveira Lima Reis
ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the association between the resources of the family environment and teenage reading. A total of 106 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 11 and 16 years, without learning difficulties, participated in the study. For data collection, a narrative text, a multiple-choice questionnaire about the text and an adapted Family Environment Resources questionnaire were used. Descriptive and inferential analysis was performed using Spearman, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis correlation tests, with a significance level of 5%. Resources that promote proximal processes and parenting practices contributed to better reading performance. In contrast, the predictable activities category contributed negatively. Thus, the environment and resources influenced the adolescents’ reading performance. It is concluded that the elaboration of school measures and public policies is important to strengthen the family-school relationship, expand family resources and make the environment favorable to teaching.
摘要本研究旨在验证家庭环境资源与青少年阅读的关系。共有106名男女青少年参加了这项研究,年龄在11至16岁之间,没有学习困难。在数据收集方面,使用了一份叙事性文本、一份关于文本的多项选择问卷和一份改编的家庭环境资源问卷。采用Spearman、Mann-Whitney和Kruskal Wallis相关检验进行描述性和推理分析,显著性水平为5%。促进近端过程和育儿实践的资源有助于提高阅读成绩。相比之下,可预测的活动类别的贡献是负的。因此,环境和资源对青少年的阅读表现有影响。研究认为,制定学校措施和公共政策对加强家校关系、扩大家庭资源、营造良好的教学环境具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
DEGREE IN PSYCHOLOGY: THE EDUCATIONAL DIMENSION OF PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE 心理学学位:专业实践的教育维度
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022233808t
Marta Corrêa de Moraes, Apoliana Regina Groff
ABSTRACT Among the work processes currently recognized by the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCNs) for Undergraduate Psychology Courses, there are the formative and educational processes, which clearly involve an educational dimension of the profession. However, the qualification in graduation - teacher training - is optional for the bachelor and provided for in a complementary pedagogical project to the training of the psychologist. Therefore, we aim to argue in this essay that, in addition to complementing the training of psychologists, enabling them to teach, a degree in psychology is essential to forge the educational dimension of professional practice.
在目前被国家课程指南(DCNs)认可的本科心理学课程的工作过程中,有形成过程和教育过程,这显然涉及到专业的教育维度。然而,毕业资格——教师培训——对学士来说是可选的,并在心理学家培训的补充教学项目中提供。因此,我们的目的是在本文中论证,除了补充心理学家的培训,使他们能够教书,心理学学位对于建立专业实践的教育维度至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
PSICOLOGIA ESCOLAR: INTERLOCUÇÃO ENTRE AS REFERÊNCIAS TÉCNICAS E PUBLICAÇÕES DE PRÁTICAS 学校心理学:技术参考文献与实践出版物之间的对话
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022-241884
Derik Vieira, R. Caldas
RESUMO: Neste artigo discorremos sobre a interlocução entre as “Referências Técnicas para a Atuação de Psicólogas(os) na Educação Básica”, documento publicado pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia, e as publicações de práticas em Psicologia Escolar, considerando as contribuições da área aos processos educacionais que produzem desenvolvimento humano. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica sistemática no período de 2009 a 2019 visando identificar a correspondência entre as publicações de práticas de psicólogas(os) no contexto escolar e as propostas apontadas nas Referências Técnicas. O método aplicado foi de Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática, utilizando-se dos descritores: Psicologia Escolar, Atuação do Psicólogo Escolar e Prática do Psicólogo Escolar. As bases de dados consultadas foram: SciELO, LILACS e CAPES. Concluímos que há exemplos importantes de práticas realizadas no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem que podem servir de referência para diversas intervenções e que se coadunam com as Referências Técnicas.
摘要:在这篇文章中,我们讨论了由联邦心理学委员会出版的《心理学家在基础教育中的表现技术参考》与学校心理学实践出版物之间的对话,考虑到该领域对产生人类发展的教育过程的贡献。本研究旨在进行2009年至2019年期间的系统文献研究,以确定心理学家在学校背景下的实践出版物与技术参考文献中指出的建议之间的对应关系。采用的方法是系统的文献综述,使用描述符:学校心理学、学校心理学家的表现和学校心理学家的实践。查阅的数据库有:SciELO、LILACS和CAPES。我们的结论是,在教学和学习的背景下,有一些重要的实践例子,可以作为各种干预措施的参考,并与技术参考相一致。
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引用次数: 0
TEACHING IN DISTANCE EDUCATION: SUBJECTIVATION PROCESSES 远程教育教学:主体化过程
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022230431t
Rafaela Garcia Sardi, Paulo Roberto de Carvalho
ABSTRACT The present study was produced to investigate how university professors experienced the transition from on-site higher education to teaching in distance education, focusing on teaching subjectivity in the variations resulting from the new work situation. Methodologically, it is a qualitative research conducted by semi-structured interviews and which adopted the case study as a strategy, aiming at the detailed characterization of the changes produced in the ways of working. The discussion of the results revealed the huge gap between classroom teaching and distance education which evidenced the adoption of maintenance insertion strategies in the new working conditions. The professors’ subjectivation processes were evidenced, as well as the control procedures that start to focus on the teaching work in the new modality. As a provisional conclusion, the disappearance of the face-to-face relationship and the precariousness of teaching work were highlighted.
摘要本研究旨在探讨大学教授如何经历从现场高等教育到远程教育的转变,重点关注新工作形势变化下的教学主体性。在方法上,它是通过半结构化访谈进行的定性研究,并采用案例研究作为策略,旨在详细描述工作方式中产生的变化。对结果的讨论揭示了课堂教学与远程教育之间的巨大差距,证明了在新的工作条件下采用维修插入策略。论证了新教学模式下教授主体化的过程,以及开始关注教学工作的控制程序。作为一个临时结论,面对面关系的消失和教学工作的不稳定性突出。
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引用次数: 1
THE ROOTS PROJECT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BRASÍLIA: SOCIAL COMMITMENT OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION brasÍlia大学的根项目:高等教育中学校心理学的社会承诺
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392022230669t
J. Nóbrega, Glenda Rosa, L. Pulino
ABSTRACT This work is a brief report on the “Projeto Raízes” of the University of Brasília, a tutoring project aimed at students with special income (Indigenous students, refugees and foreigners participating in the PEC-G), mostly freshmen. The aim is to present the project and the main issues that arose between July 2017 and March 2019, a period in which we participated in its coordination, and also the possible contributions that School Psychology could bring to the creation and development of this type of action, which we understand to have a character of resistance and transformation regarding the current educational model that is directly related to market interests and less to human and social issues. Many were the challenges encountered along this path and we are aware of the difficult mission we assumed in relation to maintaining this work, but we believe in its creative, integration and transformation potential, which necessary for understanding who we are as a Brazilian public university and what we want to be.
本文是对Brasília大学“Raízes项目”的简要报道,这是一个针对特殊收入学生(土著学生、难民和参加PEC-G的外国人)的辅导项目,主要是大一新生。目的是介绍该项目和2017年7月至2019年3月期间我们参与协调的主要问题,以及学校心理学可能对这种行动的创造和发展做出的贡献,我们认为这种行动对当前与市场利益直接相关而较少涉及人类和社会问题的教育模式具有抵抗和转变的特征。在这条道路上遇到了许多挑战,我们意识到我们承担的艰巨任务与维护这项工作有关,但我们相信它的创造性,整合和转型潜力,这对于理解我们作为巴西公立大学是谁以及我们想要成为什么是必要的。
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引用次数: 0
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Psicologia Escolar e Educacional
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