Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1017/S2041348300015779
Barrie Brown
Intervention based on social learning principles is, of course, not new to the treatment of delinquency. A variety of behaviour modification techniques, and in particular token economy schemes have been tried out in the U.S.A. and Canada. Most have been extensively evaluated and found to be far more effective than alternative schemes (Braukmann and Fixsen 1975). Of course, the judicial and welfare context in which Braukmann and Fixsen compare the relative merits of various approaches to delinquency prevention programmes is very different from that operating in the United Kingdom. There are, however, a number of points common to both contexts–there has been very little emphasis on, or funds given to, systematic programme evaluations and those that have been conducted (for example, see reviews by Logan 1972 and Slaikeu 1973) have tended to fall far short of meeting basic research design requirements. Secondly, in both settings perhaps too much emphasis has been placed upon preventing recidivism as a goal of treatment. Braukmann and Fixsen point out that re-conviction as an index of treatment progress does not allow differential qualitative feedback to the adolescent to be closely geared to his progress, and that, in the main, behavioural approaches have tended to fare much better in carrying out scientifically respectable evaluation of their progress in addition to demonstrating a much higher success rate both in terms of recidivism and in terms of more microscopic measures of behavioural improvement. The goal of any behavioural treatment for youngsters in trouble may be simply to extend his choice of behaviour rather than simply prevent recidivism.
{"title":"Gilbey House: A Token Economy Management Scheme in a Residential School for Adolescent Boys in Trouble","authors":"Barrie Brown","doi":"10.1017/S2041348300015779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2041348300015779","url":null,"abstract":"Intervention based on social learning principles is, of course, not new to the treatment of delinquency. A variety of behaviour modification techniques, and in particular token economy schemes have been tried out in the U.S.A. and Canada. Most have been extensively evaluated and found to be far more effective than alternative schemes (Braukmann and Fixsen 1975). Of course, the judicial and welfare context in which Braukmann and Fixsen compare the relative merits of various approaches to delinquency prevention programmes is very different from that operating in the United Kingdom. There are, however, a number of points common to both contexts–there has been very little emphasis on, or funds given to, systematic programme evaluations and those that have been conducted (for example, see reviews by Logan 1972 and Slaikeu 1973) have tended to fall far short of meeting basic research design requirements. Secondly, in both settings perhaps too much emphasis has been placed upon preventing recidivism as a goal of treatment. Braukmann and Fixsen point out that re-conviction as an index of treatment progress does not allow differential qualitative feedback to the adolescent to be closely geared to his progress, and that, in the main, behavioural approaches have tended to fare much better in carrying out scientifically respectable evaluation of their progress in addition to demonstrating a much higher success rate both in terms of recidivism and in terms of more microscopic measures of behavioural improvement. The goal of any behavioural treatment for youngsters in trouble may be simply to extend his choice of behaviour rather than simply prevent recidivism.","PeriodicalId":385843,"journal":{"name":"B.A.B.P. bulletin","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127365244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1017/S2041348300015718
A. Harrop
The applications of behaviour modification techniques in schools have undergone many changes in recent years. The original model of one or two disruptive pupils in a class being treated by the teacher, whilst independent observers recorded the changes in behaviour, has been considerably widened. The kinds of behaviour selected for treatment, the number of pupils involved, the types of contingencies managed, and the methods of recording have all become diversified; and this diversification has been facilitated by the emergence of more complex designs, which complement the original design of BASELINE, TREATMENT and REVERSAL.
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Pub Date : 1977-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S2041348300014269
F. Watts
Mahoney's recent book, Cognition and Behaviour Modification (1974), has produced some fierce interchanges in the pages of this journal. To me, the surprising feature of the controversy is that it has frowned on Mahoney's arguments about the adequacy of radical behaviourism. I had imagined that the philosophical assumptions of radical behaviourism had long ago been shown to be untenable. However, I do not wish to join in this discussion, or to try and improve on the arguments of Mahoney and Marzillier's (1976) defence of them.
{"title":"What sort of cognitive processes are involved in cognitive behaviour therapy? Beyond Mahoney","authors":"F. Watts","doi":"10.1017/S2041348300014269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2041348300014269","url":null,"abstract":"Mahoney's recent book, Cognition and Behaviour Modification (1974), has produced some fierce interchanges in the pages of this journal. To me, the surprising feature of the controversy is that it has frowned on Mahoney's arguments about the adequacy of radical behaviourism. I had imagined that the philosophical assumptions of radical behaviourism had long ago been shown to be untenable. However, I do not wish to join in this discussion, or to try and improve on the arguments of Mahoney and Marzillier's (1976) defence of them.","PeriodicalId":385843,"journal":{"name":"B.A.B.P. bulletin","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114162550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S2041348300014294
W. Yule
This edition is geared more to the needs of parents of normal pre-school children. It grew out of Patterson's Social Learning Project, and so section one introduces social learning theory, stressing both the role of reinforcement and the reciprocal nature of parent-child influence. Section 2 presents a simplified account of observation and data collection, with more stress on gathering frequency data than on presenting the data counts in graph form. It also provides a useful rewritten section on the application of "time out from positive reinforcement".
{"title":"G. R. Patterson (1976) Living with Children: New Methods for Parents and Teachers (Revised Edition) . Research Press: Champaign, Illinois, ix + 114 pp. Price $3.95","authors":"W. Yule","doi":"10.1017/S2041348300014294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2041348300014294","url":null,"abstract":"This edition is geared more to the needs of parents of normal pre-school children. It grew out of Patterson's Social Learning Project, and so section one introduces social learning theory, stressing both the role of reinforcement and the reciprocal nature of parent-child influence. Section 2 presents a simplified account of observation and data collection, with more stress on gathering frequency data than on presenting the data counts in graph form. It also provides a useful rewritten section on the application of \"time out from positive reinforcement\".","PeriodicalId":385843,"journal":{"name":"B.A.B.P. bulletin","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123550123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S2041348300014270
Sandra Elliott
In 1958 Stunkard and McLaren-Hume concluded that “Most obese persons will not remain in treatment, of those that remain in treatment, most will not lose weight, of those that do lose weight, most will regain it.” Since then great advances have been claimed for behavioural, specifically self-control, treatments of obesity, (i.e. Stunkard, 1972). This had been witnessed in a great proliferation of research papers on group studies purporting to demonstrate the superiority of this approach and to verify its theoretical basis.
{"title":"“Self-Control” – the answer to Obesity?","authors":"Sandra Elliott","doi":"10.1017/S2041348300014270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2041348300014270","url":null,"abstract":"In 1958 Stunkard and McLaren-Hume concluded that “Most obese persons will not remain in treatment, of those that remain in treatment, most will not lose weight, of those that do lose weight, most will regain it.” Since then great advances have been claimed for behavioural, specifically self-control, treatments of obesity, (i.e. Stunkard, 1972). This had been witnessed in a great proliferation of research papers on group studies purporting to demonstrate the superiority of this approach and to verify its theoretical basis.","PeriodicalId":385843,"journal":{"name":"B.A.B.P. bulletin","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126636874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S2041348300014282
D. Hemsley
This is the final report of work carried out between 1970 and 1976, at Stanley Royd Hospital, investigating the usefulness of operant procedures in the modification of the behaviour of long stay schizophrenic patients. This research has resulted in numerous publications (e.g. Hall and Baker, 1973; Baker et al. 1974) and some have yet to appear; all are listed in the appendix. The report presents the background to the project, together with the sequence of investigations carried out, and gives coherence to the published results. Since the project began, the use of behavioural methods in the treatment of institutionalized patients has increased considerably, and it is important that this be supported by carefully designed research projects of this nature.
这是1970年至1976年在斯坦利罗伊德医院进行的工作的最终报告，调查手术程序在改变长期住院精神分裂症患者行为方面的有用性。这项研究已经产生了许多出版物(例如Hall和Baker, 1973;Baker et al. 1974)，有些尚未出现;所有这些都列在附录中。该报告介绍了该项目的背景，以及所进行的调查的顺序，并使已发表的结果具有一致性。自该项目开始以来，在治疗住院病人方面使用行为方法的情况大大增加，重要的是，这种方法必须得到这种性质的精心设计的研究项目的支持。
{"title":"Clinical Applications of Behaviour Modification Techniques with Long Stay Psychiatric Patients . Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Leeds, and Stanley Royd Hospital, Wakefield.","authors":"D. Hemsley","doi":"10.1017/S2041348300014282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2041348300014282","url":null,"abstract":"This is the final report of work carried out between 1970 and 1976, at Stanley Royd Hospital, investigating the usefulness of operant procedures in the modification of the behaviour of long stay schizophrenic patients. This research has resulted in numerous publications (e.g. Hall and Baker, 1973; Baker et al. 1974) and some have yet to appear; all are listed in the appendix. The report presents the background to the project, together with the sequence of investigations carried out, and gives coherence to the published results. Since the project began, the use of behavioural methods in the treatment of institutionalized patients has increased considerably, and it is important that this be supported by carefully designed research projects of this nature.","PeriodicalId":385843,"journal":{"name":"B.A.B.P. bulletin","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129539535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S2041348300013914
W. Yule
private market to respond to money-backed demand results in "maldistribution of resources, risks for the quality of some services, the provision of excessive, unnecessary and ineffective services, an inflation of costs and a general distortion of health priorities" in developing and in developed countries. Merely spending more money on health services by itself does not generate better health for the country concerned. Some investment in social services may be as important as in health services.
{"title":"Teaching Exceptional Children: Assessing and Modifying Social Behavior By - P.S. Strain, T.P. Cooke and T. Appolloni Academic Press: New York, 1976, VIII + 152pp.; £6.30.","authors":"W. Yule","doi":"10.1017/S2041348300013914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2041348300013914","url":null,"abstract":"private market to respond to money-backed demand results in \"maldistribution of resources, risks for the quality of some services, the provision of excessive, unnecessary and ineffective services, an inflation of costs and a general distortion of health priorities\" in developing and in developed countries. Merely spending more money on health services by itself does not generate better health for the country concerned. Some investment in social services may be as important as in health services.","PeriodicalId":385843,"journal":{"name":"B.A.B.P. bulletin","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116995784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S2041348300013884
M. Dickerson
Entering the betting shop environment may be influenced not only by economic motives (Hess and Diller, 1969) but also by early learning within the family (Bergler, 1957) and by the contingencies operative in the wider social environment (Newman, 1972).
{"title":"The Role of the Betting Shop Environment in the Training of “Compulsive” Gamblers","authors":"M. Dickerson","doi":"10.1017/S2041348300013884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2041348300013884","url":null,"abstract":"Entering the betting shop environment may be influenced not only by economic motives (Hess and Diller, 1969) but also by early learning within the family (Bergler, 1957) and by the contingencies operative in the wider social environment (Newman, 1972).","PeriodicalId":385843,"journal":{"name":"B.A.B.P. bulletin","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115913181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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