Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1017/S2041348300015755
N. Blagg
School phobia has been the subject of more concern, interest and study than any other childhood phobia. Perhaps this is not surprising in view of the suffering and upset that the condition has caused to children, parents and teachers.
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Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1017/S204134830001569X
W. Yule, M. Berger, V. Wigley
Since 1969, there has been a slow, but steady, increase in the number of studies which have attempted to apply behavioural methods within the British school setting. The variety of papers reported in this volume attest to the wide level of current interest. Many reviewers of American experience (e.g. Sherman and Bushell, 1975;O'Leary and O'Leary, 1972) show that both academic and classroom behaviours have been investigated, and there is a general agreement that the aim of behavioural intervention is not necessarily to make children “be still, be quiet and be good” (Winnett and Winkler, 1972). Rather, the aim is to help the classroom teacher to use the ongoing teacher-child interaction in a deliberate, positive way so as to foster the optimum level of personal development and academic attainment in her pupils. This paper draws on our experiences of the past four years of training groups of teachers in behavioural management, and concentrates on some of the important issues involved in ensuring that behavioural intervention of the highest quality can be offered to teachers in schools.
自1969年以来，试图在英国学校环境中应用行为方法的研究数量一直在缓慢而稳定地增长。本卷中报告的各种论文证明了当前兴趣的广泛程度。许多美国经验的评论家(如Sherman and Bushell, 1975;O’leary and O’leary, 1972)表明，学术行为和课堂行为都被调查过，人们普遍认为行为干预的目的不一定是让孩子“安静、安静、乖”(Winnett and Winkler, 1972)。相反，其目的是帮助课堂教师以一种深思熟虑的、积极的方式使用正在进行的师生互动，从而促进学生的个人发展和学业成就的最佳水平。本文以过去四年为教师提供行为管理培训的经验为基础，集中讨论为学校教师提供最优质的行为干预所涉及的一些重要问题。
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Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1017/S204134830001572X
E. McNamara
In England over the last ten years Behaviour Modification has become increasingly more known, accepted and utilised in the education sector; but only in the last half decade or so has Behaviour Modification been utilised with any generality and regularity.
{"title":"Results and impressions of Using Behaviour Modification in a School's Psychological Service - A Personal View","authors":"E. McNamara","doi":"10.1017/S204134830001572X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S204134830001572X","url":null,"abstract":"In England over the last ten years Behaviour Modification has become increasingly more known, accepted and utilised in the education sector; but only in the last half decade or so has Behaviour Modification been utilised with any generality and regularity.","PeriodicalId":385843,"journal":{"name":"B.A.B.P. bulletin","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130292287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1017/S2041348300015731
D. Galloway
Behaviour modification in education has come a long way since the early 1960's when workers such as Zimmerman and Zimmerman (1962) and Ferster (1967) took learning theory out of the animal laboratory and into the classroom. Today the problem is not to locate books, articles and pamphlets on behaviour modification but to select the most useful material from an extensive and expanding range. This has not been achieved without a backlash no less vitriolic for not always being well informed (Burden, 1976; Quicke 1976). Nevertheless, some of the criticisms should be taken seriously. Graham (1974) has complained of the rigidity of some behaviour modifiers, and the hargon-laden style of many articles is admirably calculated to deter teachers and parents (not to mention psychologists and psychiatrists); it is only quite recently, for example, that a majority of authors have discovered that calling children by their names–instead of “S”—is not inconsistent with clarity or accuracy.
{"title":"Application of Behavioural Analysis and Behaviour Modification in School Psychological Service Practice","authors":"D. Galloway","doi":"10.1017/S2041348300015731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2041348300015731","url":null,"abstract":"Behaviour modification in education has come a long way since the early 1960's when workers such as Zimmerman and Zimmerman (1962) and Ferster (1967) took learning theory out of the animal laboratory and into the classroom. Today the problem is not to locate books, articles and pamphlets on behaviour modification but to select the most useful material from an extensive and expanding range. This has not been achieved without a backlash no less vitriolic for not always being well informed (Burden, 1976; Quicke 1976). Nevertheless, some of the criticisms should be taken seriously. Graham (1974) has complained of the rigidity of some behaviour modifiers, and the hargon-laden style of many articles is admirably calculated to deter teachers and parents (not to mention psychologists and psychiatrists); it is only quite recently, for example, that a majority of authors have discovered that calling children by their names–instead of “S”—is not inconsistent with clarity or accuracy.","PeriodicalId":385843,"journal":{"name":"B.A.B.P. bulletin","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115618641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1017/S2041348300015767
D. Lane
The Hungerford Centre has for three years been providing a support service to schools based solely on the application of experimentally validated treatment techniques. (Behaviour modification).
亨格福德中心三年来一直在为学校提供一项完全基于实验验证的治疗技术应用的支持服务。(行为修改)。
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Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1017/S2041348300015743
R. Levere
The prevalence of reading difficulties varies according to the definition of the problem used and the region in which the survey takes place. The methodologically sound epidemiological studies on the Isle of Wight (Rutter et al 1970) and in an Inner London Borough (Berger et al 1975), which investigated the presence of reading backwardness and specific reading retardation in 10 year olds, indicate the extent of reading problems in this country. Reading backwardness was defined as a level of reading attainment 28 months behind chronological age on the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability (Neale 1958). Specific reading retardation refers to level of attainment 28 months below that expected taking IQ as well as chronological age into account. On the Isle of Wight 8.3% and 3.9% of 10 year olds were reading backward and reading retarded respectively. The corresponding figures for the Inner London Borough were 19.0% and 9.9%.
阅读困难的普遍程度根据所使用问题的定义和调查进行的地区而有所不同。在怀特岛(Rutter et al . 1970)和内伦敦自治市(Berger et al . 1975)进行的方法可靠的流行病学研究调查了10岁儿童阅读落后和特定阅读迟缓的存在，表明了这个国家阅读问题的程度。尼尔阅读能力分析(Neale 1958)将阅读落后定义为比实际年龄落后28个月的阅读水平。特殊阅读障碍指的是考虑到智商和实际年龄，比预期水平低28个月。在怀特岛，8.3%的10岁儿童阅读落后，3.9%的10岁儿童阅读迟钝。内伦敦区的相应数据分别为19.0%和9.9%。
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Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1109/iccons.2018.8663199
A. Whitehead
GOLDSTEIN, A., GERSHAW, N., & SPRAFKIN, R. (1977) Skill training for community living: applied structured learning therapy. Elmsford, New York, Pergamon. HARPIN, R. E., & HUTCHISON, W. (1976) Self-control package for use with Personal Effectiveness Training. Unpublished manuscript, S.U.N.Y. at Stony Brook, New York. HARSHBARGER, D. & MALEY, R. (1974) Behaviour analysis and systems analysis. Kalamazoo, Michigan, Behaviordelia Press. HUTCHISON, W. R. & WATERS, J. (1977) Trends in behaviour therapy. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the B.P.S., Exeter, April. HUTCHISON, W. R., WATERS, J., GRAEFF, J., & KRASNER, L. (1977) An environmental design approach to integrating training and evaluation. Paper presented at the Midwest Association for Behaviour Analysis, Chicago, May. IVEY, A. E., NORMINGTON, C. J., MILLER, C. D., MORRILL, W. H., & HAASE, R.F. (1968) Microcounseling and attending behaviour: an approach to prepracticum counselor training. Jour, of Counseling Psychology Monograph Supplement, 15 (5 Part 2), 1-12. KRASNER, L. (Ed.) (1977) Environmental design: theory and applications. Elmsford, New York, Pergamon. (In press). LEE, T. & -CANTER, D. (1975) Psychology and the built environment. New York, Halsted Press. LIBERMAN, R. P., KING, L. W., DeRISI, W. J., & McCANN, M. (1975) Personal effectiveness. Champaign, Illinois, Research Press. MATARAZZO, R. G. (1971) Research on the training and learning of psychotherapeutic skills. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.) Handbook of psychotherapy and behaviour change: an impirical analysis. New York, Wiley. MINKIN, N., BRAUKMANN, C, MINKIN, B., TIMBERS, G., TIMBERS B., FIXSEN, D., PHILLIPS, E., & WOLF, M. (1976) The social validation and training of cbnversational skills. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 9,127-139. O'DELL, S. (1974) Training parents in behaviour modification: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 81,418-483. PECK, R. F. & TUCKER, J. A. (1973) Research on teacher education: state of the art, 1971. In R.M.W. Travers (Ed.), Second handbook of research on teaching. Chicago, Rand McNally. SKINNER, B. F. (1968) The technology of teaching. New York, Appleton-CenturyCrofts. WATERS, J. & GRAEFF, J. (1977) The environmental design trend in behaviour therapy: implications for research. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the B.P.S., Exeter, April. WATERS, J., HUTCHISON, W., & GRAEFF, J. (1977a) Selecting skills to train. Paper presented at the Environmental Design Conference, Northeast London Polytechnic, April. WATERS, J., HUTCHISON, W., & GRAEFF, J. (1977b) A model for integration of training and research: Facilitative Evaluation Research. Unpublished manuscript. Northeast London Polytechnic. WILLEMS, E. P. (1974) Behavioural technology and behavioural ecology. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 7,151-166. WINKLER, R. C. (1973) An experimental analysis of economic balance, savings, and wages in a token economy. Behaviour therapy, 4, 22-40. MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN I hop
GOLDSTEIN, A.， GERSHAW, N.， & SPRAFKIN, R.(1977)社区生活技能训练:应用结构化学习疗法。埃尔姆斯福德，纽约，佩加蒙。(1976)个人效能训练使用的自我控制包。未发表的手稿，纽约州立大学石溪分校。hardbarger, D. & MALEY, R.(1974)行为分析和系统分析。卡拉马祖，密歇根州，行为学出版社。HUTCHISON, W. R. & WATERS, J.(1977)行为治疗的趋势。论文发表于英国石油公司年会上，埃克塞特，四月。陈晓明，陈晓明，陈晓明，等。(2007)基于环境设计的培训与评估方法。论文发表于中西部行为分析协会，芝加哥，5月。艾维，A. E.， NORMINGTON, C. J.， MILLER, C. D.， MORRILL, W. H.， & HAASE, R.F.(1968)微观咨询与参与行为:实习前咨询师培训的方法。心理咨询，心理咨询，15 (5 Part 2)， 1-12。李建平(主编)(1997)环境设计:理论与应用。埃尔姆斯福德，纽约，佩加蒙。(印刷中)。LEE, T. & -CANTER, D.(1975)心理学与建筑环境。纽约，霍尔斯特德出版社。李伯曼，r.p.， KING, l.w.， DeRISI, w.j.，和McCANN, M.(1975)个人效能。香槟，伊利诺斯，研究出版社。MATARAZZO, R. G.(1971)心理治疗技能的训练与学习研究。在A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield(编)心理治疗与行为改变手册:实证分析。威利，纽约。MINKIN, N.， BRAUKMANN, C .， MINKIN, B.， TIMBERS, G.， TIMBERS, B.， FIXSEN, D.， PHILLIPS, E.， & WOLF, M.(1976)会话技能的社会认同与训练。应用行为分析学报，9127 -139。(1994)父母行为矫正的训练:回顾。心理通报，81418 -483。佩克，r.f.和塔克，j.a.(1973)教师教育研究:现状，1971。见R.M.W.特拉弗斯主编:《教学研究第二手册》。芝加哥，兰德·麦克纳利。斯金纳，b.f.(1968)教学技术。纽约，阿普尔顿世纪克罗夫茨。WATERS, J. & GRAEFF, J.(1977)行为治疗中的环境设计趋势:研究意义。论文发表于英国石油公司年会上，埃克塞特，四月。沃waters, J.， HUTCHISON, W.， & GRAEFF, J. (1977a)选择技能训练。论文发表于环境设计会议，东北伦敦理工学院，四月。张建军，张建军，张建军。(2008)培训与研究的整合:促进性评估研究。未出版的手稿。东北伦敦理工学院。WILLEMS, e.p.(1974)行为技术与行为生态学。应用行为分析学报，7,151-166。温克勒，r.c.(1973)代币经济中经济平衡、储蓄和工资的实验分析。行为治疗，4,22 -40。主席寄语:我希望通过这份公报和分会会议，委员们感到他们得到了有关行政部门事宜的充分反馈，因此，想必
{"title":"Message from the Chairman","authors":"A. Whitehead","doi":"10.1109/iccons.2018.8663199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccons.2018.8663199","url":null,"abstract":"GOLDSTEIN, A., GERSHAW, N., & SPRAFKIN, R. (1977) Skill training for community living: applied structured learning therapy. Elmsford, New York, Pergamon. HARPIN, R. E., & HUTCHISON, W. (1976) Self-control package for use with Personal Effectiveness Training. Unpublished manuscript, S.U.N.Y. at Stony Brook, New York. HARSHBARGER, D. & MALEY, R. (1974) Behaviour analysis and systems analysis. Kalamazoo, Michigan, Behaviordelia Press. HUTCHISON, W. R. & WATERS, J. (1977) Trends in behaviour therapy. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the B.P.S., Exeter, April. HUTCHISON, W. R., WATERS, J., GRAEFF, J., & KRASNER, L. (1977) An environmental design approach to integrating training and evaluation. Paper presented at the Midwest Association for Behaviour Analysis, Chicago, May. IVEY, A. E., NORMINGTON, C. J., MILLER, C. D., MORRILL, W. H., & HAASE, R.F. (1968) Microcounseling and attending behaviour: an approach to prepracticum counselor training. Jour, of Counseling Psychology Monograph Supplement, 15 (5 Part 2), 1-12. KRASNER, L. (Ed.) (1977) Environmental design: theory and applications. Elmsford, New York, Pergamon. (In press). LEE, T. & -CANTER, D. (1975) Psychology and the built environment. New York, Halsted Press. LIBERMAN, R. P., KING, L. W., DeRISI, W. J., & McCANN, M. (1975) Personal effectiveness. Champaign, Illinois, Research Press. MATARAZZO, R. G. (1971) Research on the training and learning of psychotherapeutic skills. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.) Handbook of psychotherapy and behaviour change: an impirical analysis. New York, Wiley. MINKIN, N., BRAUKMANN, C, MINKIN, B., TIMBERS, G., TIMBERS B., FIXSEN, D., PHILLIPS, E., & WOLF, M. (1976) The social validation and training of cbnversational skills. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 9,127-139. O'DELL, S. (1974) Training parents in behaviour modification: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 81,418-483. PECK, R. F. & TUCKER, J. A. (1973) Research on teacher education: state of the art, 1971. In R.M.W. Travers (Ed.), Second handbook of research on teaching. Chicago, Rand McNally. SKINNER, B. F. (1968) The technology of teaching. New York, Appleton-CenturyCrofts. WATERS, J. & GRAEFF, J. (1977) The environmental design trend in behaviour therapy: implications for research. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the B.P.S., Exeter, April. WATERS, J., HUTCHISON, W., & GRAEFF, J. (1977a) Selecting skills to train. Paper presented at the Environmental Design Conference, Northeast London Polytechnic, April. WATERS, J., HUTCHISON, W., & GRAEFF, J. (1977b) A model for integration of training and research: Facilitative Evaluation Research. Unpublished manuscript. Northeast London Polytechnic. WILLEMS, E. P. (1974) Behavioural technology and behavioural ecology. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 7,151-166. WINKLER, R. C. (1973) An experimental analysis of economic balance, savings, and wages in a token economy. Behaviour therapy, 4, 22-40. MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN I hop","PeriodicalId":385843,"journal":{"name":"B.A.B.P. bulletin","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124652299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1017/S2041348300015706
C. Appleton
Early studies of the application of behaviour modification techniques in both special and normal classroom settings indicated that teachers could incorporate the more systematic management procedures without highly specialised training (Clazarioand Yelon, 1967: Becker, Madsen, et al., 1967). However, some of the earliest studies were closer to the laboratory than the real-life classroom setting in that they required elaborate recording procedures and used material reinforcers which are often unacceptable to teachers. Reversal designs, commonly used in early studies, proved impractical in wider settings. Problems such as these led the present author to place greater emphasis on extinguishing appropriate behaviours, using natural reinforcers identified by the Premack principle, using simplified recording procedures and using multiple baseline design.
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