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Neurocognitive Profiles of Children With High Intellectual Ability: A Pilot Study 高智力儿童神经认知特征的初步研究
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.5206/eei.v32i1.14092
George K. Georgiou, Kristy Dunn, J. Naglieri
A common question among teachers of students with high intellectual ability is how to best teach this group of children. To answer this question, it is first necessary to better understand their cognitive profiles. Thus, the primary goal of this study was to examine the neurocognitive profiles of children with high intellectual ability. To do this, we used the Discrepancy Consistency Model (Naglieri, 1999), which allows researchers to detect patterns of cognitive strengths and weaknesses. One hundred forty-two children with high intellectual ability (70 females, 72 males; Mage = 127.41 months, SD = 10.76) from Grades 4, 5, and 6 were assessed on measures of general intelligence and academic achievement, as well as on measures of Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive (PASS) processes. Results showed that 54% of the sample had a PASS score that was significantly lower than that of each student’s average PASS score. Only 8% of the students had a PASS disorder (a score that was low in relation to the student’s average and below 90). Further, 4% of our sample had both a PASS disorder and an academic-skills disorder. The findings suggest that students with high intellectual ability can show variability in PASS scores that may have relevance for instructional programming and for identifying twice-exceptional children.
在高智力学生的老师中,一个常见的问题是如何最好地教这群孩子。要回答这个问题,首先需要更好地了解他们的认知特征。因此,本研究的主要目的是研究高智力儿童的神经认知特征。为此,我们使用了差异一致性模型(Naglieri,1999),该模型允许研究人员检测认知优势和劣势的模式。对来自4、5和6年级的142名高智力儿童(70名女性,72名男性;Mage=127.41个月,SD=10.76)的一般智力和学业成绩以及计划、注意力、同时和连续(PASS)过程进行了评估。结果显示,54%的样本的PASS分数明显低于每个学生的平均PASS分数。只有8%的学生有PASS障碍(与学生的平均水平相比,这一分数很低,低于90分)。此外,4%的样本同时患有PASS障碍和学术技能障碍。研究结果表明,智力水平高的学生在PASS成绩上可能表现出可变性,这可能与教学计划和识别两次优秀儿童有关。
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引用次数: 0
A Cross-National Study of the Effects of Education on Pre-Service Teachers’ Attitudes, Intentions, Concerns, and Self-Efficacy Regarding Inclusive Education 教育对职前教师全纳教育态度、意向、关注和自我效能感影响的跨国研究
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.5206/eei.v31i1.13454
Susanne Miesera, Laura Sokal, Nicole Kimmelmann
This study reports on a cross-national comparison of inclusion-oriented teacher-education programs. Canada and Germany have implemented inclusion in teacher education with the aim of improving inclusion in schools. Previous studies have shown the importance of latent characteristics of prospective teachers for the successful implementation of inclusion in schools and have pointed to the role of inclusion-oriented teacher education in developing these teacher characteristics. To measure potential changes in attitudes, intentions, concerns, and self‑efficacy, 132 student teachers from Germany and Canada were surveyed before and after a course about inclusive education. Internationally validated scales were used: Attitudes towards Inclusion Scale (AIS), Intention to Teach in Inclusive Classroom Scale (ITICS), Concerns about Inclusive Education Scale (CIES), and the Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices scale (TEIP). The results of the German and Canadian groups differed: while significant changes in self-efficacy occurred between the first and second measurement points in both countries, the outcome for other factors varied. Significant changes in intentions to use inclusive teaching practices were found in Canada but not in Germany. The results are discussed in the context of the role of teacher-education programs in fostering inclusive teaching practices.
本研究报告了一项以包容为导向的教师教育计划的跨国比较。加拿大和德国在教师教育中实施了包容性,目的是改善学校的包容性。以往的研究表明,未来教师的潜在特征对于学校成功实施包容性的重要性,并指出了以包容性为导向的教师教育在培养这些教师特征方面的作用。为了测量态度、意图、关注点和自我效能感的潜在变化,对132名来自德国和加拿大的实习教师在学习全纳教育课程前后进行了调查。采用国际认可的量表:包容态度量表(AIS)、全纳课堂教学意向量表(ITICS)、全纳教育关注量表(CIES)和教师全纳实践效能量表(TEIP)。德国和加拿大小组的结果不同:虽然两国的第一个和第二个测量点在自我效能方面发生了显著变化,但其他因素的结果却有所不同。使用包容性教学实践的意向在加拿大有显著变化,而在德国没有。研究结果在教师教育计划在促进包容性教学实践中的作用的背景下进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 2
Perspectives of Parents of Children with Special Educational Needs: Self-Efficacy and School Supports During COVID-19 新冠肺炎期间有特殊教育需求儿童家长的观点:自我效能和学校支持
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.5206/eei.v31i1.14097
J. Whitley, Ian A. Matheson, Jacqueline Specht, Jeffrey MacCormack
The role of parents in supporting at-home learning increased dramatically in the spring of 2020. Schools in most Canadian provinces closed physically due to COVID-19, and remote-learning options were quickly developed to ensure continued education for students. Many students with special educational needs, who typically benefit from a range of supports from school, became reliant on parents to provide means of access to and participation in remote learning. Using an online survey, we explored the perceptions of 263 Canadian parents of children with special education needs with regard to their self‑efficacy and supports from schools. We conducted multiple linear regression analyses for each of three dependent variables (academic supports, parent self‑efficacy, and social-emotional supports); independent variables included student grade level, education placement, and total school-provided supports prior to the pandemic. Findings indicated that most parents engaged in remote learning and lacked confidence in their ability to support the learning of their child. Parent self-efficacy was related to social-emotional supports from schools and not to academic supports. Parents of children in elementary grades, and of those who had received more supports from school prior to COVID‑19, reported feeling better supported in social-emotional areas by the school. Schools should explore ways of building strong collaborative relationships between educators and parents, as well as continuing to find ways of supporting families and students in both in- and out-of-school places. The pandemic, and school-building closures, have reminded us how partnerships between parents and schools are crucial for the well-being of all involved. 
2020年春季,家长在支持家庭学习方面的作用急剧增加。由于新冠肺炎,加拿大大多数省份的学校都关闭了,远程教育选项也很快被开发出来,以确保学生继续接受教育。许多有特殊教育需求的学生通常受益于学校的一系列支持,他们开始依赖父母提供获得和参与远程学习的手段。通过一项在线调查,我们探讨了263名有特殊教育需求儿童的加拿大父母对他们的自我效能感和学校支持的看法。我们对三个因变量(学业支持、父母自我效能感和社会情感支持)中的每一个进行了多元线性回归分析;自变量包括学生年级水平、教育安置和疫情前学校提供的支持总数。调查结果表明,大多数父母从事远程学习,对自己支持孩子学习的能力缺乏信心。父母自我效能感与学校的社会情感支持有关,与学业支持无关。小学年级儿童的父母,以及在2019冠状病毒病之前从学校获得更多支持的儿童的父母报告称,他们在社会情感领域感觉得到了学校更好的支持。学校应该探索在教育工作者和家长之间建立强有力的合作关系的方法,并继续寻找在校内外支持家庭和学生的方法。疫情和学校大楼的关闭提醒我们,家长和学校之间的伙伴关系对所有相关人员的福祉至关重要。
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引用次数: 2
A Computerized Syllable-Based Intervention for French-Speaking Children with Down Syndrome: What Effects on Reading Skills? 基于音节的法语儿童唐氏综合症计算机化干预:对阅读技能有什么影响?
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.5206/eei.v31i1.13879
J. Écalle, M. Sanchez, A. Magnan
The aim of this research was to provide to eight children with Down Syndrome a syllable-processing software program that drew their attention to phonological and orthographic syllables. The children participated in a 10-hour training course (spread over 5 weeks) that used an experimental design with four assessment sessions, the first two of which were used to obtain a baseline in literacy skills. The effect of training was assessed just after training and two months later. A significant effect on decoding was observed at medium term after training. All children progressed in at least one domain, either in phonological skills, in decoding, or in word reading. Four children progressed in decoding and word reading. This study confirms the appropriateness of using phonetic approaches to reading instruction in order to stimulate learning to read in children with Down Syndrome. The syllable-based training facilitates the construction of associations between letters and syllables—the “syllabic bridge”—and could be a faster and easier way to learn letter-sound correspondences in French.
这项研究的目的是为八名唐氏综合症儿童提供一个音节处理软件程序,吸引他们注意语音和拼写音节。孩子们参加了一个10小时的培训课程(为期5周),该课程采用了四次评估的实验设计,前两次评估用于获得识字技能的基线。训练结束后和两个月后对训练效果进行了评估。在训练后的中期观察到对解码的显著影响。所有儿童至少在一个领域取得了进步,无论是在语音技能、解码还是单词阅读方面。四个孩子在解码和单词阅读方面取得了进步。这项研究证实了在阅读教学中使用语音方法以刺激唐氏综合症儿童学习阅读的适当性。基于音节的训练有助于构建字母和音节之间的联系——“音节桥梁”——并且可能是学习法语字母发音对应关系的一种更快、更容易的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Attitudes of Abu Dhabi Educators Toward Gifted Education and Twice-Exceptional Students 阿布扎比教育工作者对资优教育和双优学生的态度
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-22 DOI: 10.5206/eei.v31i1.14051
H. Elhoweris, Sarah Bond, Mona Alameri, Rachel Takrit, Najwa Alhosani
The purpose of the study was to explore attitudes of educators in the United Arab Emirates toward gifted education and twice-exceptional students. One thousand and seventy-five educators (81% general education teachers and 19% teachers of the gifted) participated in this study. Data were collected using an online dual-language survey instrument, which was distributed using the Qualtrics system. Findings of this study indicated that Abu Dhabi teachers have positive attitudes toward gifted education and twice-exceptional students. No significant differences were found in scores for general educators as compared to those for teachers of the gifted. The findings also indicated that Abu Dhabi educators who had no experience of teaching gifted children had a more positive attitude toward them than those who had experience.
本研究旨在探讨阿拉伯联合大公国教育工作者对资优教育及双优学生的态度。一千七十五名教育工作者(81%为通识教育教师,19%为资优教师)参与了这项研究。使用在线双语调查工具收集数据,使用qualics系统分发。本研究发现,阿布达比市教师对资优教育及双优学生持正面态度。普通教育工作者的分数与天才教师的分数没有显著差异。研究结果还表明,没有教过天才儿童经验的阿布扎比教育工作者对天才儿童的态度比有经验的教育工作者更积极。
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引用次数: 0
Service Animals and Pet Therapy in Schools: Synthesizing a Review of the Literature 学校服务动物和宠物治疗:文献综述
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.5206/EEI.V31I1.13923
Virginie Abat-Roy
As the academic and social-emotional needs of students in schools continue to increase, so too does the presence of dogs in educational spaces. This article aims to present an overview of past and present animal-assisted intervention practices in school settings. This comprehensive literature review examines the current state of research within this field of study. Data from 29 publications were selected according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results highlight three categories in which the presence of dogs in schools have an impact: social-emotional, cognitive, and physiological. Challenges to program implementation include health risks, cultural context, and negative effects on the animal. Due to the lack of school-based research, more study is needed, especially in order to understand the effect of dogs on the social-emotional learning of students. Finally, the welfare and training of the animals involved should be taken into consideration, and regulations regarding handler and animal training should be enforced.
随着学校学生的学术和社会情感需求不断增加,教育空间里的狗也在增加。本文旨在概述过去和现在学校环境中的动物辅助干预实践。这篇全面的文献综述考察了这一研究领域的研究现状。根据严格的纳入和排除标准选择了29份出版物的数据。研究结果强调了狗在学校的存在会产生影响的三类:社会情感、认知和生理。项目实施面临的挑战包括健康风险、文化背景和对动物的负面影响。由于缺乏基于学校的研究,还需要更多的研究,特别是为了了解狗对学生社会情感学习的影响。最后,应考虑相关动物的福利和训练,并执行有关驯兽师和动物训练的规定。
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引用次数: 1
An Examination of Inclusive Practices for Students with Learning Disabilities in Botswana: A Literature Review 博茨瓦纳学习障碍学生包容性实践研究:文献综述
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.5206/eei.v30i3.13510
Samantha Mrstik, L. Dieker, C. O. Abosi
The country of Botswana has passed laws to support the human rights of their citizens, including people with learning disabilities. In accordance with the United Nations’ guidelines, Botswana’s human rights initiatives, and the international movement toward inclusive education, inclusive educational reform is taking place. We have conducted a comprehensive literature review, the purpose of which was to establish the progress Botswana has made in special education policy, implementation of policy into schools, and the strides made toward inclusion. However, there are still many struggles comparable to many school systems in African nations. Key findings include a nation with significant developments in human rights which includes a developing inclusive education system with both policy and implementation, yet, still coping with the growing pains of a young special education program.
博茨瓦纳通过了法律,支持其公民,包括学习障碍者的人权。根据联合国的指导方针、博茨瓦纳的人权倡议和国际包容性教育运动,正在进行包容性教育改革。我们进行了一次全面的文献综述,目的是确定博茨瓦纳在特殊教育政策、学校政策实施以及包容性方面取得的进展。然而,仍有许多斗争与非洲国家的许多学校制度相当。关键发现包括一个在人权方面取得重大发展的国家,其中包括一个正在发展的包容性教育系统,该系统既有政策也有实施,但仍在应对年轻特殊教育项目的成长痛苦。
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引用次数: 1
Representations of Inclusion: How Pre-service Teachers Understand and Apply Inclusion Across Situations 包容性的表现:职前教师如何理解和应用跨情境的包容性
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.5206/eei.v30i3.13509
Christopher P. Ostrowdun
As education marches toward inclusive practices, it is clear not everyone perceives inclusion in the same ways. This article unpacks pre-service teachers’ perspectives toward inclusion. Using a design-based approach, enrolled in a Canadian bachelor of education program created drawings about inclusion. Through the lens of figured worlds and visual analysis, these drawings were compared to pre-service teachers’ other course work and practicum placements to better understand their perspectives on inclusion in different contexts. The findings show differences between the ideals pre-service teachers conveyed through drawings and their approaches to pragmatic tasks, such as creating an individualized education or inclusive lesson plan. Furthermore, there was a considerable range of sophistication in pre-service teachers’ ideas of inclusion, with some pre-service teachers focusing on accessible materials while other pre-service teachers addressed more holistic notions of inclusive environments and systems. Making connections between pre-service teachers’ perspectives and their teacher training is critical for pre-service teachers to develop robust understandings of inclusion and a greater awareness of how their perspectives shape teaching practices.
随着教育向包容性实践迈进,很明显,并非每个人都以同样的方式看待包容性。这篇文章揭示了职前教师对包容性的看法。使用基于设计的方法,就读于加拿大教育学士课程的学生创建了关于包容的图纸。通过图形世界和视觉分析的镜头,将这些图纸与职前教师的其他课程作业和实习实习进行比较,以更好地了解他们在不同背景下对包容的看法。研究结果表明,职前教师通过绘画传达的理想与他们完成实际任务(如创建个性化教育或包容性课程计划)的方法之间存在差异。此外,职前教师的包容性理念也存在相当大的复杂性,一些职前教师关注可获取的材料,而其他职前教师则关注包容性环境和系统的更全面的概念。将职前教师的观点与其教师培训联系起来,对于职前教师形成对包容的深刻理解,并更清楚地认识到他们的观点如何影响教学实践至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
The Psychosocial Effects of Having a Sibling with Autism Spectrum Disorder 兄弟姐妹患有自闭症谱系障碍的社会心理影响
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.5206/eei.v30i3.13443
J. Perlman, N. Howe
Siblings play an important role in one another’s overall development; thus, the sibling relationship is an important subsystem within the family unit. However, in families where one child has an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, the dynamics between siblings may be different than in families with typically developing children due to the associated deficits in communication. Therefore, this mixed-method study examined the perceptions of six typically developing children regarding their relationship with a sibling with autism. Parents were heterosexual couples, and families were white and mostly middle class. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires regarding the sibling relationship were administered to the typically developing child. Identification of major themes followed by focused coding was conducted to capture the essence of what was said and to categorize the most frequent themes. Overall, typically developing children highlighted both positive and negative features of their relationships, for example play, feeling proud, embarrassment, and anger. Additionally, children seemed to be at a loss for coping strategies they considered helpful, perhaps due to their own poor and/or developing emotional regulation skills. The findings emphasize the need to support typically developing children and their personal and social development.
兄弟姐妹在彼此的全面发展中发挥着重要作用;因此,兄弟姐妹关系是家庭单元中的一个重要子系统。然而,在一个孩子被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍的家庭中,由于相关的沟通缺陷,兄弟姐妹之间的动态可能与有典型发育中孩子的家庭不同。因此,这项混合方法研究调查了六名典型发育中的儿童对他们与自闭症兄弟姐妹关系的看法。父母都是异性恋夫妇,家庭都是白人,大多是中产阶级。对典型发育中的孩子进行了关于兄弟姐妹关系的半结构化访谈和问卷调查。对主要主题进行识别,然后进行重点编码,以捕捉所说内容的本质,并对最常见的主题进行分类。总的来说,典型的发展中的孩子突出了他们关系的积极和消极特征,例如玩耍、感到骄傲、尴尬和愤怒。此外,孩子们似乎对他们认为有帮助的应对策略不知所措,可能是因为他们自己的情绪调节能力较差和/或正在发展。研究结果强调了支持典型发育中儿童及其个人和社会发展的必要性。
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引用次数: 1
Welcome to Ducks on the Moon, an Afternoon of Music Theatre as Professional Development about Families and Autism Spectrum Disorder 欢迎来到《月亮上的鸭子》,这是音乐剧院的一个下午,是关于家庭和自闭症谱系障碍的专业发展
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.5206/eei.v30i3.13413
S. Thompson, Kelley Jo Burke
As a playwright-actor-researcher, Burke (2010) created, toured, and published a one-woman play, Ducks on the Moon (DOTM) about her (and her family’s) journey from denial to acceptance to celebration of her youngest son’s diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during his first 5 years. DOTM is not only a drama, but also an arts-based educational research (ABER) project; Burke (2010) labelled her methodology “performative memoir.” In this current project, seven songs were added to the play. As authors-researchers we performed DOTM as a workshop to pre-service and in-service teachers. In particular, we wanted to see if DOTM might serve as professional development (PD) or might become part of a teacher education curriculum. The research questions were as follows: What was the audience’s general reaction to the play-with-music DOTM? And, what might be the implications of such an experience for educators? Did the audience feel that the play-with-music was useful as a vehicle to relay information about ASD and family–professional relationships? Might DOTM serve as PD for in-service teachers or as part of curriculum to prepare pre-service teachers for inclusive practice? We uncovered five inter-related themes: the audience enjoyed DOTM and claimed it was also it was educational, they experienced a range of emotions, they stated that parents need to come to terms with their child’s diagnosis in their own time, many teachers identified with Burke as a mother, and finally, DOTM would make productive PD.
作为一名剧作家、演员和研究人员,Burke(2010)创作、巡演并出版了一部女性戏剧《月亮上的鸭子》(DOTM),讲述了她(和她的家人)在小儿子被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的头5年里,从否认到接受,再到庆祝的历程。DOTM不仅是一部戏剧,也是一个基于艺术的教育研究项目;Burke(2010)将她的方法称为“表演回忆录”。在目前的项目中,有七首歌曲被添加到剧中。作为作者和研究人员,我们将DOTM作为一个面向职前和在职教师的研讨会。特别是,我们想看看DOTM是否可以作为专业发展(PD)或成为教师教育课程的一部分。研究问题如下:观众对音乐DOTM的总体反应是什么?这样的经历对教育工作者可能有什么影响?观众是否觉得音乐作为传递自闭症谱系障碍和家庭-职业关系信息的工具很有用?DOTM是否可以作为在职教师的PD,或作为课程的一部分,为职前教师进行包容性实践做好准备?我们发现了五个相互关联的主题:观众喜欢DOTM,并声称它也是有教育意义的,他们经历了一系列的情绪,他们说父母需要在自己的时代接受孩子的诊断,许多老师认为Burke是一位母亲,最后,DOTM会产生有成效的PD。
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引用次数: 0
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Exceptionality Education International
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