Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2025.02.003
Gautam P Ambegaonkar
Movement disorders are common in children but can be difficult to assess and diagnose as they are often mistaken for developmental disorders, may occur intermittently/ paroxysmally, and the child or their parents may not be able to describe them accurately. The aetiologies of paediatric movement disorders are significantly different to adults. Whilst many of the early onset paediatric movement disorders have a genetic basis and do not have a cure, there are some movement disorders which have a potentially reversible cause and treatable. This review provides an approach to the common, treatable, movement disorders in children.
{"title":"Treatable movement disorders in children","authors":"Gautam P Ambegaonkar","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Movement disorders are common in children but can be difficult to assess and diagnose as they are often mistaken for developmental disorders, may occur intermittently/ paroxysmally, and the child or their parents may not be able to describe them accurately. The aetiologies of paediatric movement disorders are significantly different to adults. Whilst many of the early onset paediatric movement disorders have a genetic basis and do not have a cure, there are some movement disorders which have a potentially reversible cause and treatable. This review provides an approach to the common, treatable, movement disorders in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"35 5","pages":"Pages 140-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2025.04.001
Swathy Subhash, Shruti Agrawal
Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of trauma-related death and disability in children worldwide. To improve neuro-outcomes after injury, neuroprotective measures are implemented to limit secondary brain injury by providing adequate cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. In this article we review the general supportive and targeted neuroprotective measures that are outlined in the international paediatric guidelines and the physiological basis for these recommendations based on the underlying pathology. We also discuss multimodal neuro-monitoring in the PICU. We aim to provide a practical approach on how to respond to deteriorating patients, and manage complications arising during the course of their treatment.
{"title":"Neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury","authors":"Swathy Subhash, Shruti Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of trauma-related death and disability in children worldwide. To improve neuro-outcomes after injury, neuroprotective measures are implemented to limit secondary brain injury by providing adequate cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. In this article we review the general supportive and targeted neuroprotective measures that are outlined in the international paediatric guidelines and the physiological basis for these recommendations based on the underlying pathology. We also discuss multimodal neuro-monitoring in the PICU. We aim to provide a practical approach on how to respond to deteriorating patients, and manage complications arising during the course of their treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"35 6","pages":"Pages 181-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2025.04.005
Shana Irvine, Peter Logan, Michael D Shields, Paddy McCrossan
Community acquired pneumonia is the leading global cause of death in childhood. Whilst COVID-19 infection does not typically cause severe illness in children the subsequent social isolation, along with changes in hygiene practices led to reduced levels of respiratory viruses and bacteria during the pandemic. This caused a significant change in the seasonality of community acquired pneumonia. Viruses are still the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia, however bacteria can cause more severe disease and it can be difficult to distinguish clinically between them. Generally, children with pneumonia can be managed at home with antipyretics, oral hydration and oral antibiotics, however a small subset need admission to hospital. Complications from pneumonia include pleural effusion, empyema, necrotizing pneumonia and pneumatocele. This article aims to direct physicians on the diagnosis and management of community acquired pneumonia and highlight the key changes since the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Childhood pneumonia: an update in the post-COVID-19 era","authors":"Shana Irvine, Peter Logan, Michael D Shields, Paddy McCrossan","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Community acquired pneumonia is the leading global cause of death in childhood. Whilst COVID-19 infection does not typically cause severe illness in children the subsequent social isolation, along with changes in hygiene practices led to reduced levels of respiratory viruses and bacteria during the pandemic. This caused a significant change in the seasonality of community acquired pneumonia. Viruses are still the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia, however bacteria can cause more severe disease and it can be difficult to distinguish clinically between them. Generally, children with pneumonia can be managed at home with antipyretics, oral hydration and oral antibiotics, however a small subset need admission to hospital. Complications from pneumonia include pleural effusion, empyema, necrotizing pneumonia and pneumatocele. This article aims to direct physicians on the diagnosis and management of community acquired pneumonia and highlight the key changes since the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"35 6","pages":"Pages 214-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2025.04.004
Nicola Holt, Will Tremlett
Tracheostomy has a long history, and is a procedure that is carried out in ever growing numbers of children. The main indications for tracheostomy can be divided into airway obstruction, rehabilitation, and long term ventilation. The decision to place a tracheostomy is not trivial, and should be made by the multi-disciplinary team working together with the family, as well as the child where possible. Artificial airways such as a tracheostomy can carry significant risks. The National Tracheostomy Safety Project provides guidelines and resources for their management, which aim to mitigate these risks. Standardization of practices across hospital sites supports this. Appropriate training for all individuals involved in the care of a child with a tracheostomy is essential to minimize the risk of problems.
{"title":"Children with tracheostomies in the paediatric intensive care unit","authors":"Nicola Holt, Will Tremlett","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tracheostomy has a long history, and is a procedure that is carried out in ever growing numbers of children. The main indications for tracheostomy can be divided into airway obstruction, rehabilitation, and long term ventilation. The decision to place a tracheostomy is not trivial, and should be made by the multi-disciplinary team working together with the family, as well as the child where possible. Artificial airways such as a tracheostomy can carry significant risks. The National Tracheostomy Safety Project provides guidelines and resources for their management, which aim to mitigate these risks. Standardization of practices across hospital sites supports this. Appropriate training for all individuals involved in the care of a child with a tracheostomy is essential to minimize the risk of problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"35 6","pages":"Pages 208-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2025.04.003
Deepika Puthucode, Patrick Davies
Extubation failure is common in PICU especially in the current era when patients with multiple complexities can be of a significant challenge. Extubation failure is defined as inability to sustain spontaneous breathing after removal of artificial airway leading to the need for re-intubation within 48 hours of a planned extubation. The pathophysiology of extubation failure can be grouped under four categories: airway, muscular power, respiratory drive, and lung parenchymal pathologies with cardiopulmonary interactions. To achieve success and maintain extubation, it is important to identify risk factors contributing for failure and fix them, wean ventilation using appropriate weaning strategies and by stepwise process, assess readiness and extubate at the optimum time. Repeated extubation failures can also be complications increasing the risk of mortality and length of stay. Causes are diverse with clinical complexity, needing multidisciplinary team approach for a comprehensive management of extubation failure. The paediatric intensivist needs to recognize children at risk of extubation failure, make a comprehensive plan and intervene at the earliest opportunity to prevent further morbidity.
{"title":"Management of extubation failure on the paediatric intensive care unit","authors":"Deepika Puthucode, Patrick Davies","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extubation failure is common in PICU especially in the current era when patients with multiple complexities can be of a significant challenge. Extubation failure is defined as inability to sustain spontaneous breathing after removal of artificial airway leading to the need for re-intubation within 48 hours of a planned extubation. The pathophysiology of extubation failure can be grouped under four categories: airway, muscular power, respiratory drive, and lung parenchymal pathologies with cardiopulmonary interactions. To achieve success and maintain extubation, it is important to identify risk factors contributing for failure and fix them, wean ventilation using appropriate weaning strategies and by stepwise process, assess readiness and extubate at the optimum time. Repeated extubation failures can also be complications increasing the risk of mortality and length of stay. Causes are diverse with clinical complexity, needing multidisciplinary team approach for a comprehensive management of extubation failure. The paediatric intensivist needs to recognize children at risk of extubation failure, make a comprehensive plan and intervene at the earliest opportunity to prevent further morbidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"35 6","pages":"Pages 203-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2025.01.004
Nermin Alashal, Nahin Hussain
Prolonged seizures including convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in children are significant problems to manage in the community. Early treatment may shorten episodes and prevent subsequent mortality and long-term morbidity. It is likely that pre-hospital treatment is an important part of the optimal management of CSE as it helps to optimize the management in a hospital setting. Benzodiazepines were successfully used for many years with rectal diazepam was the mainstay of treatment. More recently buccal and intranasal midazolam have taken over its place due to their efficacy and ease of administration. Buccal midazolam is more acceptable to the careers and parents for the drug to be administered through mouth, rather than rectally in a tense and anxious situation. Intranasal midazolam has recently been approved for use in children in the USA. Although rectal paraldehyde is widely used in acute settings in the UK, there is relatively little evidence to support this practice. This short article outlines some of the more important studies that can help to guide clinical decision making and offers some practical advice for health professionals caring for children with seizures who may need rescue medication.
{"title":"Approach to the use of rescue medications in children for prolonged epileptic seizures in the community","authors":"Nermin Alashal, Nahin Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolonged seizures including convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in children are significant problems to manage in the community. Early treatment may shorten episodes and prevent subsequent mortality and long-term morbidity. It is likely that pre-hospital treatment is an important part of the optimal management of CSE as it helps to optimize the management in a hospital setting. Benzodiazepines were successfully used for many years with rectal diazepam was the mainstay of treatment. More recently buccal and intranasal midazolam have taken over its place due to their efficacy and ease of administration. Buccal midazolam is more acceptable to the careers and parents for the drug to be administered through mouth, rather than rectally in a tense and anxious situation. Intranasal midazolam has recently been approved for use in children in the USA. Although rectal paraldehyde is widely used in acute settings in the UK, there is relatively little evidence to support this practice. This short article outlines some of the more important studies that can help to guide clinical decision making and offers some practical advice for health professionals caring for children with seizures who may need rescue medication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 113-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2025.01.003
Kun Hu, Timothy G Barrett
Glucagon-like 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are a class of synthetic incretin analogues that were originally developed to treat hyperglycaemia in adults with type 2 diabetes. Their mechanisms of action include effects on body weight through reducing appetite and slowing gastric emptying and these have been exploited in new indications for weight reduction in obesity. Most recently, convincing evidence has been published for their benefits in obstructive sleep apnoea, renal function in diabetes, and possibly anti-ageing. Studies in children have mainly focussed on childhood type 2 diabetes and obesity, and their efficacy has led to licensing for children from 10 years of age (type 2 diabetes) and 12 years (obesity). Early studies of these agents as add-on therapies in type 1 diabetes showed efficacy but significant risks of hypoglycaemia. This review will discuss the history and development of GLP-1 RAs in the context of the rising prevalence of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes, the evidence for their effectiveness in children, and potential future applications such as in children with type 1 diabetes.
{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists: applications in childhood diabetes and obesity","authors":"Kun Hu, Timothy G Barrett","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glucagon-like 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are a class of synthetic incretin analogues that were originally developed to treat hyperglycaemia in adults with type 2 diabetes. Their mechanisms of action include effects on body weight through reducing appetite and slowing gastric emptying and these have been exploited in new indications for weight reduction in obesity. Most recently, convincing evidence has been published for their benefits in obstructive sleep apnoea, renal function in diabetes, and possibly anti-ageing. Studies in children have mainly focussed on childhood type 2 diabetes and obesity, and their efficacy has led to licensing for children from 10 years of age (type 2 diabetes) and 12 years (obesity). Early studies of these agents as add-on therapies in type 1 diabetes showed efficacy but significant risks of hypoglycaemia. This review will discuss the history and development of GLP-1 RAs in the context of the rising prevalence of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes, the evidence for their effectiveness in children, and potential future applications such as in children with type 1 diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 106-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2025.01.002
Gary Butler
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a common sex chromosome variation around one in 750 live male births. The karyotype is usually 47,XXY. However, three quarters of KS males are never identified. Lifespan is not reduced. There is no specific infant phenotype. Prepubertal growth is generally rapid and children may become taller than the mid-parental height. Adolescent growth is not increased, so extreme tall stature is unusual. Overweight and central obesity occur in some boys from mid-childhood. Infant development is usually within age related ranges, although one third may need speech support and two thirds reading and language support. IQ is within the population range.
Puberty onset is not delayed and testosterone levels increase typically at first but often fail to rise in late puberty and biochemical hypogonadism is diagnosed by a low morning testosterone concentration. Clinical hypogonadism is common with central obesity, gynaecomastia and low muscle development and strength. Testosterone supplementation with transdermal gel or injections may help to improve physical development and functioning. Sperm production is severely reduced resulting in azoospermia in the majority. Fertility counselling is important but assessment not needed until late adolescence when surgical testicular sperm extraction can be performed, with no advantage at younger ages.
{"title":"Klinefelter syndrome: what every paediatrician needs to know","authors":"Gary Butler","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a common sex chromosome variation around one in 750 live male births. The karyotype is usually 47,XXY. However, three quarters of KS males are never identified. Lifespan is not reduced. There is no specific infant phenotype. Prepubertal growth is generally rapid and children may become taller than the mid-parental height. Adolescent growth is not increased, so extreme tall stature is unusual. Overweight and central obesity occur in some boys from mid-childhood. Infant development is usually within age related ranges, although one third may need speech support and two thirds reading and language support. IQ is within the population range.</div><div>Puberty onset is not delayed and testosterone levels increase typically at first but often fail to rise in late puberty and biochemical hypogonadism is diagnosed by a low morning testosterone concentration. Clinical hypogonadism is common with central obesity, gynaecomastia and low muscle development and strength. Testosterone supplementation with transdermal gel or injections may help to improve physical development and functioning. Sperm production is severely reduced resulting in azoospermia in the majority. Fertility counselling is important but assessment not needed until late adolescence when surgical testicular sperm extraction can be performed, with no advantage at younger ages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 101-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2025.01.005
Chamidri Randika Naotunna, Angela K Lucas-Herald, Malcolm DC Donaldson , M Guftar Shaikh
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hypotonia, hyperphagia, obesity, and a spectrum of cognitive and behavioural issues. Clinical manifestations differ according to the age of presentation and as such a multidisciplinary approach is important across the lifespan to improve outcomes. Often this may be led by paediatric endocrinology but should include input from dietetics, psychology, respiratory, speech and language and others according to clinical need. It is likely these needs will change as the child grows and, as such, the composition of the team should remain flexible. Overall, a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach encompassing medical, nutritional, behavioural, and educational support is essential for managing individuals with PWS, significantly improving the quality of life and long-term outcomes for affected children and their families.
{"title":"Prader Willi syndrome: an update on the multidisciplinary approach","authors":"Chamidri Randika Naotunna, Angela K Lucas-Herald, Malcolm DC Donaldson , M Guftar Shaikh","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hypotonia, hyperphagia, obesity, and a spectrum of cognitive and behavioural issues. Clinical manifestations differ according to the age of presentation and as such a multidisciplinary approach is important across the lifespan to improve outcomes. Often this may be led by paediatric endocrinology but should include input from dietetics, psychology, respiratory, speech and language and others according to clinical need. It is likely these needs will change as the child grows and, as such, the composition of the team should remain flexible. Overall, a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach encompassing medical, nutritional, behavioural, and educational support is essential for managing individuals with PWS, significantly improving the quality of life and long-term outcomes for affected children and their families.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 118-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2024.12.004
Sally Payne
The demand for children's occupational therapy is rising, but resources and capacity are not following at the same pace. As a result, many children and young people are waiting too long to receive the occupational therapy they need and deserve. This article offers guidance for paediatricians to increase the chances of their referrals being accepted so children and young people can access the help they need, when they need it. The article begins by examining the reasons behind the growing demand, then explains how the universal, targeted, and individualized service model is being used to provide more timely access to occupational therapy expertise. Lastly, it offers guidance to help referrers make great referrals to enable children and young people to access the level and type of occupational therapy they need to fulfil their potential and live full and happy lives.
{"title":"Making great occupational therapy referrals: how to get the right help, first time, for children, young people and families","authors":"Sally Payne","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for children's occupational therapy is rising, but resources and capacity are not following at the same pace. As a result, many children and young people are waiting too long to receive the occupational therapy they need and deserve. This article offers guidance for paediatricians to increase the chances of their referrals being accepted so children and young people can access the help they need, when they need it. The article begins by examining the reasons behind the growing demand, then explains how the universal, targeted, and individualized service model is being used to provide more timely access to occupational therapy expertise. Lastly, it offers guidance to help referrers make great referrals to enable children and young people to access the level and type of occupational therapy they need to fulfil their potential and live full and happy lives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"35 3","pages":"Pages 96-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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