Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.4067/s0717-71942021000100185
Nashely Yuvitza Lizarme-Villcas
In Peru, the processes associated with population growth and the expansion of public assistance demanded the specialization of new technical knowledge for the planning and execution of sanitary works. In this context, sanitary engineering began occupying spaces in the programs to combat tropical diseases and basic urban and rural sanitation. Through the analysis of specialized engineering and health journals, as well as memoirs, reports, and other unpublished and published documents, this article examines the transformation of Peruvian health institutions and how this process permitted the gradual incursion of sanitary engineers into the public health field. At the same time, it analyzes the dynamics between national and international actors that allowed the institutionalization and professionalization of sanitary engineering between 1900 and 1962.
{"title":"Prevenir y construir: El desarrollo de la ingeniería sanitaria en la salud pública peruana (1900-1962)","authors":"Nashely Yuvitza Lizarme-Villcas","doi":"10.4067/s0717-71942021000100185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-71942021000100185","url":null,"abstract":"In Peru, the processes associated with population growth and the expansion of public assistance demanded the specialization of new technical knowledge for the planning and execution of sanitary works. In this context, sanitary engineering began occupying spaces in the programs to combat tropical diseases and basic urban and rural sanitation. Through the analysis of specialized engineering and health journals, as well as memoirs, reports, and other unpublished and published documents, this article examines the transformation of Peruvian health institutions and how this process permitted the gradual incursion of sanitary engineers into the public health field. At the same time, it analyzes the dynamics between national and international actors that allowed the institutionalization and professionalization of sanitary engineering between 1900 and 1962.","PeriodicalId":38607,"journal":{"name":"Historia (Chile)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42694860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.4067/s0717-71942021000100279
Alfonso Salgado Muñoz, Joaquín Fernández Abara
This article examines the material and organic bases that made possible the emergence and development of Prensa Latinoamericana (PLA), a publishing house linked to the Socialist Party of Chile. It argues, first, that the Socialist party’s internal struggles and tendency to factionalize conditioned the trajectory of this publishing house and second, that the success of this publishing initiative was the result to a large degree of a set of administrative decisions. Our research is mostly based on documentation produced by the anonymous society through which PLA operated, reports, party resolutions, newspapers, and memoirs from socialist leaders.
{"title":"El Partido Socialista y Prensa Latinoamericana: Gestión económica y conflicto político en una editorial chilena (1954-1973)","authors":"Alfonso Salgado Muñoz, Joaquín Fernández Abara","doi":"10.4067/s0717-71942021000100279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-71942021000100279","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the material and organic bases that made possible the emergence and development of Prensa Latinoamericana (PLA), a publishing house linked to the Socialist Party of Chile. It argues, first, that the Socialist party’s internal struggles and tendency to factionalize conditioned the trajectory of this publishing house and second, that the success of this publishing initiative was the result to a large degree of a set of administrative decisions. Our research is mostly based on documentation produced by the anonymous society through which PLA operated, reports, party resolutions, newspapers, and memoirs from socialist leaders.","PeriodicalId":38607,"journal":{"name":"Historia (Chile)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42362840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.4067/s0717-71942021000100011
José Ignacio Allevi, Diego Roldán
This article studies the rationalization of public health in the city of Rosario during the 1920s starting from the initiatives of the physician Manuel Pignetto during his administration. His Sanitary Plan constitutes a key perspective to analyze institutional fields, the creation of technical agencies, and the articulation of local and international debates in the rearrangement of municipal health devices. Through triangulation and the hermeneutics of official and journalistic documentary materials, we are able to address the possibilities and the limits of a plan that reinforced municipal competencies regarding public health under a new social perspective.
{"title":"La medicina social como agenda política. Ideas y prácticas estatales en la ciudad de Rosario bajo el gobierno de Manuel Pignetto (Argentina, 1925-1927)","authors":"José Ignacio Allevi, Diego Roldán","doi":"10.4067/s0717-71942021000100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-71942021000100011","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the rationalization of public health in the city of Rosario during the 1920s starting from the initiatives of the physician Manuel Pignetto during his administration. His Sanitary Plan constitutes a key perspective to analyze institutional fields, the creation of technical agencies, and the articulation of local and international debates in the rearrangement of municipal health devices. Through triangulation and the hermeneutics of official and journalistic documentary materials, we are able to address the possibilities and the limits of a plan that reinforced municipal competencies regarding public health under a new social perspective.","PeriodicalId":38607,"journal":{"name":"Historia (Chile)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41537367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.4067/s0717-71942021000100107
Emanuel Giannotti, Boris Mosiés Cofré Schmeisser
When and why did tomas (land occupations) begin? Despite the widespread belief that La Victoria, in 1957, was the first toma in Chile, and even in South America, many scholars affirm that this phenomenon began in the mid-forties. This article, through an analysis of the press and documentary sources, studies the land occupations that were carried out in Santiago, Chile between 1945 and 1957. Our hypothesis is that the toma was invented in the mid-fifties, when land occupations, which were previously realized silently, started to be displayed in the public space. In this manner they became political statements. This shift in the mobilizations of the pobladores (marginal squatters) can be explained by the political context, as well as by the change in the State’s role in relation to housing problems and urban growth.
{"title":"La invención de la toma, o cómo se transformaron las ocupaciones de terrenos en Santiago de Chile entre 1945 y 1957","authors":"Emanuel Giannotti, Boris Mosiés Cofré Schmeisser","doi":"10.4067/s0717-71942021000100107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-71942021000100107","url":null,"abstract":"When and why did tomas (land occupations) begin? Despite the widespread belief that La Victoria, in 1957, was the first toma in Chile, and even in South America, many scholars affirm that this phenomenon began in the mid-forties. This article, through an analysis of the press and documentary sources, studies the land occupations that were carried out in Santiago, Chile between 1945 and 1957. Our hypothesis is that the toma was invented in the mid-fifties, when land occupations, which were previously realized silently, started to be displayed in the public space. In this manner they became political statements. This shift in the mobilizations of the pobladores (marginal squatters) can be explained by the political context, as well as by the change in the State’s role in relation to housing problems and urban growth.","PeriodicalId":38607,"journal":{"name":"Historia (Chile)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41913115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Este trabajo describe como circularon, a nivel local y global, algunas hipotesis sobre el cometa Halley de 1910, y como estas afectaron en el proceso de legitimacion de expertos en materia astronomica y en el desarrollado de publicos de la ciencia en Chile. Asimismo, el articulo demuestra que la movilidad de estos conocimientos se produjo a traves del despliegue de un mercado editorial dedicado al fenomeno celeste en el periodo. La perspectiva teorica desde la que se aborda esta problematica considera a la historia de la ciencia y se concentra sobre todo en la relevancia de las audiencias, por lo que las fuentes de este estudio consisten en dispositivos impresos publicados en Chile durante esos anos, sobre todo proyectos periodisticos de amplia cobertura y distribucion que, gracias a la modernizacion de la industria editorial, comenzaron a circular a inicios del siglo XX.
{"title":"El rastro del cometa Halley: Circulación y legitimación del saber astronómico en Chile (1910)","authors":"Verónica Ramírez Errázuriz, Patricio Leyton Alvarado","doi":"10.4067/s0717-71942021000100247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-71942021000100247","url":null,"abstract":"Este trabajo describe como circularon, a nivel local y global, algunas hipotesis sobre el cometa Halley de 1910, y como estas afectaron en el proceso de legitimacion de expertos en materia astronomica y en el desarrollado de publicos de la ciencia en Chile. Asimismo, el articulo demuestra que la movilidad de estos conocimientos se produjo a traves del despliegue de un mercado editorial dedicado al fenomeno celeste en el periodo. La perspectiva teorica desde la que se aborda esta problematica considera a la historia de la ciencia y se concentra sobre todo en la relevancia de las audiencias, por lo que las fuentes de este estudio consisten en dispositivos impresos publicados en Chile durante esos anos, sobre todo proyectos periodisticos de amplia cobertura y distribucion que, gracias a la modernizacion de la industria editorial, comenzaron a circular a inicios del siglo XX.","PeriodicalId":38607,"journal":{"name":"Historia (Chile)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43354016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.4067/s0717-71942021000100151
Rodrigo Hidalgo Dattwyler, Voltaire Alvarado Peterson, Laura Rodríguez Negrete
The metropolitan centralism exercised from Santiago to other Chilean cities is reflected in different scales of power. The housing policies implemented since the early twentieth century detail the progress and the contradictions for the urban orientation of middle cities whose morphology complicated the capital’s decisions. The case of Valdivia recognizes these two issues. On one hand, political management that proposed to be applied unilaterally throughout the territory, and on the other the exceptional nature of the generation of a housing solution with a local perspective; both in terms of a material nature and access placing attention on natural as well as human events in its urban configuration. This article attempts to organize the development of these policies in Valdivia, starting from primary sources that contain the foundations of the four essential structures of the past century: Consejo Superior de Habitaciones Obreras, Caja de Habitacion Popular, Corporacion de la Vivienda, and the beginnings of the Servicio de Vivienda y Urbanizacion. These organizations represent the spirit of the legislation and its effects, but also the focus of metropolitan power, which, until today continues to be one of the main sources of tension for the Chilean State.
{"title":"La ciudad de Valdivia: Centralismo, configuración urbana y políticas de vivienda. Continuidades y contradicciones desde el sur (1909-1990)","authors":"Rodrigo Hidalgo Dattwyler, Voltaire Alvarado Peterson, Laura Rodríguez Negrete","doi":"10.4067/s0717-71942021000100151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-71942021000100151","url":null,"abstract":"The metropolitan centralism exercised from Santiago to other Chilean cities is reflected in different scales of power. The housing policies implemented since the early twentieth century detail the progress and the contradictions for the urban orientation of middle cities whose morphology complicated the capital’s decisions. The case of Valdivia recognizes these two issues. On one hand, political management that proposed to be applied unilaterally throughout the territory, and on the other the exceptional nature of the generation of a housing solution with a local perspective; both in terms of a material nature and access placing attention on natural as well as human events in its urban configuration. This article attempts to organize the development of these policies in Valdivia, starting from primary sources that contain the foundations of the four essential structures of the past century: Consejo Superior de Habitaciones Obreras, Caja de Habitacion Popular, Corporacion de la Vivienda, and the beginnings of the Servicio de Vivienda y Urbanizacion. These organizations represent the spirit of the legislation and its effects, but also the focus of metropolitan power, which, until today continues to be one of the main sources of tension for the Chilean State.","PeriodicalId":38607,"journal":{"name":"Historia (Chile)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42116872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.4067/s0717-71942021000100319
Julio Ricardo Vera Castañeda
The following article studies the cultural translations of medicinal herbs produced in New Spain between 1552 and 1591. Through the study of a corpus of manuscripts and medical printings, and the place they gave to the denomination and classification of the territory’s “medical material,” that coexisted with Hispanic and indigenous traditions. In general terms, the key role translations played in the appropriation of local medical knowledge is posited when translating and formalizing the knowledge of medicinal herbs. In specific terms, it confirms the ethnocentric tendency of European medical knowledge to attempt to marginalize the knowledge of indigenous informants, as well as the heterogenous and disparate character of the process. Hence the adaptations of the works’ textual typologies are detailed as well as the mediations and negotiations that the actors involved in their elaboration unfolded.
{"title":"Heterogeneidad y traducción cultural de la materia médica de Nueva España (segunda mitad del siglo XVI)","authors":"Julio Ricardo Vera Castañeda","doi":"10.4067/s0717-71942021000100319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-71942021000100319","url":null,"abstract":"The following article studies the cultural translations of medicinal herbs produced in New Spain between 1552 and 1591. Through the study of a corpus of manuscripts and medical printings, and the place they gave to the denomination and classification of the territory’s “medical material,” that coexisted with Hispanic and indigenous traditions. In general terms, the key role translations played in the appropriation of local medical knowledge is posited when translating and formalizing the knowledge of medicinal herbs. In specific terms, it confirms the ethnocentric tendency of European medical knowledge to attempt to marginalize the knowledge of indigenous informants, as well as the heterogenous and disparate character of the process. Hence the adaptations of the works’ textual typologies are detailed as well as the mediations and negotiations that the actors involved in their elaboration unfolded.","PeriodicalId":38607,"journal":{"name":"Historia (Chile)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49437890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0717-71942021000100383
Francisco Vergara-Perucich
{"title":"Acción Constituyente: un texto ciudadano y dos ensayos históricos","authors":"Francisco Vergara-Perucich","doi":"10.4067/s0717-71942021000100383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-71942021000100383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38607,"journal":{"name":"Historia (Chile)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46146670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0717-71942021000100379
Milton Godoy Orellana
{"title":"La revolución de los arrendires. Una historia personal de la reforma agraria","authors":"Milton Godoy Orellana","doi":"10.4067/s0717-71942021000100379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-71942021000100379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38607,"journal":{"name":"Historia (Chile)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48140079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0717-71942021000100387
A. Maldonado
{"title":"Construyendo un reino de este mundo. Ensayo histórico sobre clericalismo y política en Chile","authors":"A. Maldonado","doi":"10.4067/s0717-71942021000100387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-71942021000100387","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38607,"journal":{"name":"Historia (Chile)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43509394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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