Pub Date : 2020-02-07DOI: 10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10026775
Meike Schulte, Cody Morris Paris
In an era when corporate responsibility and sustainability are gaining momentum, and growing access to information and communication has empowered consumers to make more socially responsible purchasing decisions, the diamond industry remains opaque. The Kimberley Process was established to monitor the rough diamond trade with the objective of stemming the flow of conflict diamonds. The definition of conflict diamonds, however, often excludes human rights abuses, which has led to mounting criticism. The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence, magnitude, and scope of ethical issues affecting sourcing conditions in the diamond industry. The research found that ethical issues were reported in the diamond industries of several African nations, with Angola topping the list. Child labour and slavery are the most prevalent human rights abuses. In 2017, one in five diamonds in terms of volume and one in ten diamonds in terms of value may have been produced under conditions that cannot be regarded as sustainable or ethical.
{"title":"Blood diamonds: an analysis of the state of affairs and the effectiveness of the Kimberley Process","authors":"Meike Schulte, Cody Morris Paris","doi":"10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10026775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10026775","url":null,"abstract":"In an era when corporate responsibility and sustainability are gaining momentum, and growing access to information and communication has empowered consumers to make more socially responsible purchasing decisions, the diamond industry remains opaque. The Kimberley Process was established to monitor the rough diamond trade with the objective of stemming the flow of conflict diamonds. The definition of conflict diamonds, however, often excludes human rights abuses, which has led to mounting criticism. The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence, magnitude, and scope of ethical issues affecting sourcing conditions in the diamond industry. The research found that ethical issues were reported in the diamond industries of several African nations, with Angola topping the list. Child labour and slavery are the most prevalent human rights abuses. In 2017, one in five diamonds in terms of volume and one in ten diamonds in terms of value may have been produced under conditions that cannot be regarded as sustainable or ethical.","PeriodicalId":38780,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48558760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-07DOI: 10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10026771
Tenia Kyriazi, Daphne Demetriou
The mixed migration flows continuously moving towards Europe test the social stability and sustainability of European states, thus rendering imperative the adoption and implementation of revised measures and action plans to protect effectively the individuals involved and comprehensively address any criminality relating to this movement. Most of these displaced persons are bearers of rights, triggering state obligations, with some belonging to the category of human trafficking victims, and as such entitled to a special protection regime. Part 1 explores the challenges European states face in fulfilling the core anti-trafficking obligations, within the specific context of the current mixed migration flow, arguing that identification is the cornerstone for the successful discharge of all these obligations, as well as the most challenging task in the current 'migrant crisis' context. Part 2 then endeavours to establish some clearer parameters for the identification of trafficking victims, who qualify as such at the outset, as well as to delineate some indicators of vulnerable individuals, who can potentially become trafficking victims after arrival.
{"title":"Mixed migration flows into Europe: discharging state anti-trafficking obligations through the proper identification of trafficking victims","authors":"Tenia Kyriazi, Daphne Demetriou","doi":"10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10026771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10026771","url":null,"abstract":"The mixed migration flows continuously moving towards Europe test the social stability and sustainability of European states, thus rendering imperative the adoption and implementation of revised measures and action plans to protect effectively the individuals involved and comprehensively address any criminality relating to this movement. Most of these displaced persons are bearers of rights, triggering state obligations, with some belonging to the category of human trafficking victims, and as such entitled to a special protection regime. Part 1 explores the challenges European states face in fulfilling the core anti-trafficking obligations, within the specific context of the current mixed migration flow, arguing that identification is the cornerstone for the successful discharge of all these obligations, as well as the most challenging task in the current 'migrant crisis' context. Part 2 then endeavours to establish some clearer parameters for the identification of trafficking victims, who qualify as such at the outset, as well as to delineate some indicators of vulnerable individuals, who can potentially become trafficking victims after arrival.","PeriodicalId":38780,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43346221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-07DOI: 10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10026798
N. Mat, Zaharul Nizal Zabidi, Yusnita Yusof, Hayatul Safrah Salleh, Wan Norhayati Mohamed, Yuslizawati Mohd Yusof
Small island tourism is susceptible to the adverse impacts of climate change and is expected to challenge the business model of hotel operators. Thus, it is imperative for them to understand the interactions between climate change and hotel management to mitigate the unfavourable impacts. This study aims to investigate the perceptions among hotel managers in Kapas Island, Malaysia on the climate change impact to their hotel operation. It represents their readiness when experiencing adverse conditions brought by climate change. Qualitative research through case study is conducted to get an in-depth investigation of the understanding about climate change among managers. Results showed that there are mixed views among respondents on the impact of climate change to their hotel management. Most hotel management in Kapas Island perceived that climate change impact are irrelevant for their hotel operation. Thus, no serious actions in terms of business operation and adaptation strategy were taken by the owners to prepare for any unexpected climate event. This study contributes to the literature on climate change adaptation by providing information from the Malaysian perspective.
{"title":"The nexus of climate change and hotel management in Malaysia: an exploratory study","authors":"N. Mat, Zaharul Nizal Zabidi, Yusnita Yusof, Hayatul Safrah Salleh, Wan Norhayati Mohamed, Yuslizawati Mohd Yusof","doi":"10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10026798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10026798","url":null,"abstract":"Small island tourism is susceptible to the adverse impacts of climate change and is expected to challenge the business model of hotel operators. Thus, it is imperative for them to understand the interactions between climate change and hotel management to mitigate the unfavourable impacts. This study aims to investigate the perceptions among hotel managers in Kapas Island, Malaysia on the climate change impact to their hotel operation. It represents their readiness when experiencing adverse conditions brought by climate change. Qualitative research through case study is conducted to get an in-depth investigation of the understanding about climate change among managers. Results showed that there are mixed views among respondents on the impact of climate change to their hotel management. Most hotel management in Kapas Island perceived that climate change impact are irrelevant for their hotel operation. Thus, no serious actions in terms of business operation and adaptation strategy were taken by the owners to prepare for any unexpected climate event. This study contributes to the literature on climate change adaptation by providing information from the Malaysian perspective.","PeriodicalId":38780,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49023709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-07DOI: 10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10026770
Rory McConnon
This theoretical study reviews the literature on barriers faced by organisations in recruiting graduates educated to incorporate sustainability practices, followed by an assessment of institutional approaches by universities to address this deficit. Having found that sustainability is generally instigated by 'champions' rather than through whole-institution approaches, this study also reviews literature on attitudes and motivations of higher education faculty and on existing education for sustainable development (ESD) interventions and guidelines. The study identified specific areas of research focussing on the predictors of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control, and proposes Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour or its updated iteration, the reasoned action approach as an ideal framework for such future research. Findings also point towards a need for future research into the drivers/predictors of faculty incorporating ESD into curricula. This paper addresses a growing area of concern among employers and university managers and identifies means to gain faculty support for the scale-up of ESD.
{"title":"Measures to facilitate the scale-up of education for sustainable development in higher education","authors":"Rory McConnon","doi":"10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10026770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10026770","url":null,"abstract":"This theoretical study reviews the literature on barriers faced by organisations in recruiting graduates educated to incorporate sustainability practices, followed by an assessment of institutional approaches by universities to address this deficit. Having found that sustainability is generally instigated by 'champions' rather than through whole-institution approaches, this study also reviews literature on attitudes and motivations of higher education faculty and on existing education for sustainable development (ESD) interventions and guidelines. The study identified specific areas of research focussing on the predictors of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control, and proposes Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour or its updated iteration, the reasoned action approach as an ideal framework for such future research. Findings also point towards a need for future research into the drivers/predictors of faculty incorporating ESD into curricula. This paper addresses a growing area of concern among employers and university managers and identifies means to gain faculty support for the scale-up of ESD.","PeriodicalId":38780,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41502447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijssoc.2020.112440
Adaora Osondu Oti
{"title":"Can Nigeria build a sustainable democratic society in midst of environmental degradation and conflict","authors":"Adaora Osondu Oti","doi":"10.1504/ijssoc.2020.112440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijssoc.2020.112440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38780,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Society","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10031900
Kwadwo Owusu, P. B. Obour, R. Oppong, S. A. Boadi
{"title":"Climate change impacts on staple root and tuber crops production: implications for smallholder farmers' livelihoods in rural Ghana","authors":"Kwadwo Owusu, P. B. Obour, R. Oppong, S. A. Boadi","doi":"10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10031900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10031900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38780,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10034644
Adaora Osondu-Oti
This study examines Niger Delta's environmental degradation, the attendant conflict, and the implications for building a sustainable democratic society in Nigeria. The study makes use of documentary research and also adopts a qualitative case-study approach. Findings reveal that environmental degradation and conflict exist at alarming levels in the Niger Delta region. Niger Delta is one of the most polluted cities in the world with resultant conflict that has caused immeasurable harm to the people. Thus, Nigeria cannot build a sustainable democratic society amid double jeopardies of environmental degradation and conflict. For sustainability to be achieved, the government must work assiduously towards ensuring environmental sustainability and responding to the plights of the people (Niger Deltans/aggrieved communities) through a peaceful and inclusive human security approach, and not through the military force that exacerbates conflict.
{"title":"Can Nigeria build a sustainable democratic society in midst of environmental degradation and conflict","authors":"Adaora Osondu-Oti","doi":"10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10034644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10034644","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines Niger Delta's environmental degradation, the attendant conflict, and the implications for building a sustainable democratic society in Nigeria. The study makes use of documentary research and also adopts a qualitative case-study approach. Findings reveal that environmental degradation and conflict exist at alarming levels in the Niger Delta region. Niger Delta is one of the most polluted cities in the world with resultant conflict that has caused immeasurable harm to the people. Thus, Nigeria cannot build a sustainable democratic society amid double jeopardies of environmental degradation and conflict. For sustainability to be achieved, the government must work assiduously towards ensuring environmental sustainability and responding to the plights of the people (Niger Deltans/aggrieved communities) through a peaceful and inclusive human security approach, and not through the military force that exacerbates conflict.","PeriodicalId":38780,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10034651
N. Aini, Zhenjiang Shen
{"title":"How the position of trees planting can improve the near-road air quality exposed to CO2 emission from transportation","authors":"N. Aini, Zhenjiang Shen","doi":"10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10034651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10034651","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38780,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10034648
Jessica Ganak, Yini Chen, D. D. Liang, Hang Liu, Ting Chi
Given the importance of denim jeans recycling in the sustainability movement of today's apparel industry, in the context of rising consumer environmentalism, this study aimed to identify the key factors influencing the US millennial consumers' willingness to recycle their denim apparel to brands or retailers that offer recycling services. Consumer perceived value (CPV) model provides the theoretical framework and guides the primary data collection. Based on analysis of 15 in-depth interviews, five main values identified are the perceived social, financial, emotional, convenience and ecological values of denim apparel recycling. Each of these main values has sub-themes. The findings can help apparel brands and retailers to better design and execute their recycling programs by targeting millennials who are considered as the primary drivers of fast fashion consumption. Through revealing consumer perceived values from recycling denim apparel, this study adds theoretical insights to academia and suggests practical solutions to companies.
{"title":"Understanding US millennials' perceived values of denim apparel recycling: insights for brands and retailers","authors":"Jessica Ganak, Yini Chen, D. D. Liang, Hang Liu, Ting Chi","doi":"10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10034648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10034648","url":null,"abstract":"Given the importance of denim jeans recycling in the sustainability movement of today's apparel industry, in the context of rising consumer environmentalism, this study aimed to identify the key factors influencing the US millennial consumers' willingness to recycle their denim apparel to brands or retailers that offer recycling services. Consumer perceived value (CPV) model provides the theoretical framework and guides the primary data collection. Based on analysis of 15 in-depth interviews, five main values identified are the perceived social, financial, emotional, convenience and ecological values of denim apparel recycling. Each of these main values has sub-themes. The findings can help apparel brands and retailers to better design and execute their recycling programs by targeting millennials who are considered as the primary drivers of fast fashion consumption. Through revealing consumer perceived values from recycling denim apparel, this study adds theoretical insights to academia and suggests practical solutions to companies.","PeriodicalId":38780,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10034647
Alka Rathore
The purpose of this paper is to explore the decision-making situation of women in Bhutanese society. This paper assesses the level of income and marital status of Bhutanese women and how these factors influence decision-making in terms of children responsibility, household activities, household purchasing, participation in social activities and fulfilling the social obligation. This research is exploratory in nature. One district was chosen for the study. Purposive random sampling was used to collect data by a survey of a sample size of 552 women from Chukha district of Bhutan. Data was analysed by cross-tabulation and chi-square test by using SPSS 17. The findings revealed that regular income level of women and household decision are associated. The percentages of women who independently take decision are lower than the decision taken by them with their husband jointly. Data also exposed that women independently take decision is 19.4% but jointly with husband is 52.9%. Thus, we conclude that there is an association between the level of income, marital status and household decision-making.
{"title":"Household decision-making power based on income and marital status: a study of Chukha district of Bhutan","authors":"Alka Rathore","doi":"10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10034647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijssoc.2020.10034647","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to explore the decision-making situation of women in Bhutanese society. This paper assesses the level of income and marital status of Bhutanese women and how these factors influence decision-making in terms of children responsibility, household activities, household purchasing, participation in social activities and fulfilling the social obligation. This research is exploratory in nature. One district was chosen for the study. Purposive random sampling was used to collect data by a survey of a sample size of 552 women from Chukha district of Bhutan. Data was analysed by cross-tabulation and chi-square test by using SPSS 17. The findings revealed that regular income level of women and household decision are associated. The percentages of women who independently take decision are lower than the decision taken by them with their husband jointly. Data also exposed that women independently take decision is 19.4% but jointly with husband is 52.9%. Thus, we conclude that there is an association between the level of income, marital status and household decision-making.","PeriodicalId":38780,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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