Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/1780C
Rajani Singh
{"title":"Study on Revisiting Sacral Hiatus","authors":"Rajani Singh","doi":"10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/1780C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/1780C","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387821,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 11","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130659823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10418D
E. Berger, A. Géloën
{"title":"Study on Adipocytes as Sensors of Lipid Transport through Caco-2/HT29-MTX Intestinal Barrier Rescued from Cancer Phenotype by Oleic Acid","authors":"E. Berger, A. Géloën","doi":"10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10418D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10418D","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387821,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 11","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133499574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/9291D
G. Battail
Any sequence can be transformed into an equivalent one by alphabet change and/or encoding. Thus an information cannot be identified to a single sequence, but should be defined as the equivalence class among sequences with respect to such transformations, an abstract entity. It may be represented by its ‘information message’ defined as the shortest binary sequence in this class, whose length quantitatively measures the information. Any sequence must be borne by a physical medium, so information bridges the abstract and the concrete. Perturbations in the physical world result in random symbol errors, while information may instruct the assembly of physical objects by the agency of the semantics it bears. Information theory tells that errorless communication is possible provided a long and redundant enough error-correcting code is used. Conserving genetic information over the ages needs error-correcting codes making the exact regeneration of genomes possible provided it is performed frequently enough. In engineering, such codes are conveniently defined by mathematical constraints which make the symbols mutually dependent, but constraints of any kind, defining ‘soft codes’, also do the job. The better conservation of old parts of the genome implies moreover that the genomic error-correcting codes are made of nested component codes. This scheme accounts for basic life features: need for successive generations, existence of discrete species with hierarchical taxonomy, trend of evolution towards increased complexity, etc. Transcription of the genes and their translation into polypeptidic chains, becoming proteins when properly folded, are controlled by enzymes, which as proteins are needed for their own synthesis. A feedback loop results, referred to as ‘semantic’ since it implements the genetic code which tells the meaning of the genes. Once closed, it keeps its structure, thereby conserving the genetic code. The onset of a new semantic feedback loop originates an organic code in Barbieri’s meaning, which itself induces a new soft component in the system of genomic nested error-correcting codes by imposing new constraints to the genome. Due to the feedback, constraints incurred by the proteins affect the genome. Besides the synthesis of proteins, the assembly of living structures, as instructed by the genome, involves interwoven semantic feedback loops. Although closed, they do not prevent the genome lengthening, say by horizontal genetic transfer, which increases both the information quantity, Corresponding author: Gérard Battail, Retired from E.N.S.T., Paris. E-mail: gb@gerard.battail.name. Life as Interplay of Information and Matter 174 hence its semantic specificity, and the redundancy, hence its error-correction ability. Thus, closing semantic feedback loops does not prevent evolution: new structures can be appended with improved resilience to errors. Regeneration failure is very infrequent and results in a widely different genome which originates
{"title":"Life as Interplay of Information and Matter","authors":"G. Battail","doi":"10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/9291D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/9291D","url":null,"abstract":"Any sequence can be transformed into an equivalent one by alphabet change and/or encoding. Thus an information cannot be identified to a single sequence, but should be defined as the equivalence class among sequences with respect to such transformations, an abstract entity. It may be represented by its ‘information message’ defined as the shortest binary sequence in this class, whose length quantitatively measures the information. Any sequence must be borne by a physical medium, so information bridges the abstract and the concrete. Perturbations in the physical world result in random symbol errors, while information may instruct the assembly of physical objects by the agency of the semantics it bears. Information theory tells that errorless communication is possible provided a long and redundant enough error-correcting code is used. Conserving genetic information over the ages needs error-correcting codes making the exact regeneration of genomes possible provided it is performed frequently enough. In engineering, such codes are conveniently defined by mathematical constraints which make the symbols mutually dependent, but constraints of any kind, defining ‘soft codes’, also do the job. The better conservation of old parts of the genome implies moreover that the genomic error-correcting codes are made of nested component codes. This scheme accounts for basic life features: need for successive generations, existence of discrete species with hierarchical taxonomy, trend of evolution towards increased complexity, etc. Transcription of the genes and their translation into polypeptidic chains, becoming proteins when properly folded, are controlled by enzymes, which as proteins are needed for their own synthesis. A feedback loop results, referred to as ‘semantic’ since it implements the genetic code which tells the meaning of the genes. Once closed, it keeps its structure, thereby conserving the genetic code. The onset of a new semantic feedback loop originates an organic code in Barbieri’s meaning, which itself induces a new soft component in the system of genomic nested error-correcting codes by imposing new constraints to the genome. Due to the feedback, constraints incurred by the proteins affect the genome. Besides the synthesis of proteins, the assembly of living structures, as instructed by the genome, involves interwoven semantic feedback loops. Although closed, they do not prevent the genome lengthening, say by horizontal genetic transfer, which increases both the information quantity, Corresponding author: Gérard Battail, Retired from E.N.S.T., Paris. E-mail: gb@gerard.battail.name. Life as Interplay of Information and Matter 174 hence its semantic specificity, and the redundancy, hence its error-correction ability. Thus, closing semantic feedback loops does not prevent evolution: new structures can be appended with improved resilience to errors. Regeneration failure is very infrequent and results in a widely different genome which originates ","PeriodicalId":387821,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 11","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114207771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10521D
S. Adel, K. Ayad, A. Shaheen
The aim of this study was to assess the histological effect of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) (904 nm) on the repair of standardized bone defects on the femur of rats. Sixty male wistar rats were assigned into two equal groups. Group (A: laser group) and group (B: control group). A surgical fracture was done in middle third of femur of all rats. In group (A) a continuous wave 904 nm infrared laser was applied at dose 4 j/cm 2 at fracture site immediately post operative for 7 sessions, each session was 5 minutes. The animals were killed by over dose of general anesthesia on the 15th,30th and 45th days after surgery, The specimens were processed and stained with Hematoxylin-eosin (H/E ), special stain Masion trichrome and analyzed by light microscopy. The descriptive analysis of histological imaging showed greater degree of new bone formation, osteoblastic surface and collagen fiber in the irradiated group when compared with the control group. Based on the obtained results, this study concluded that LLLT was efficient in promoting bone healing, and increasing new bone formation in the process of surgically fractured femur in animal study.
{"title":"Analysing the Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy on Bone Histomorphometry in Rats","authors":"S. Adel, K. Ayad, A. Shaheen","doi":"10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10521D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10521D","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the histological effect of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) (904 nm) on the repair of standardized bone defects on the femur of rats. Sixty male wistar rats were assigned into two equal groups. Group (A: laser group) and group (B: control group). A surgical fracture was done in middle third of femur of all rats. In group (A) a continuous wave 904 nm infrared laser was applied at dose 4 j/cm 2 at fracture site immediately post operative for 7 sessions, each session was 5 minutes. The animals were killed by over dose of general anesthesia on the 15th,30th and 45th days after surgery, The specimens were processed and stained with Hematoxylin-eosin (H/E ), special stain Masion trichrome and analyzed by light microscopy. The descriptive analysis of histological imaging showed greater degree of new bone formation, osteoblastic surface and collagen fiber in the irradiated group when compared with the control group. Based on the obtained results, this study concluded that LLLT was efficient in promoting bone healing, and increasing new bone formation in the process of surgically fractured femur in animal study.","PeriodicalId":387821,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 11","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116624731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/6518D
M. Mbaye, B. E. Khalfi, Achraf Zakaria, Mustafa Zakaria, N. Louanjli, A. Soukri
{"title":"Circulating Nucleic Acids: Potential Biomarkers of Male Infertility","authors":"M. Mbaye, B. E. Khalfi, Achraf Zakaria, Mustafa Zakaria, N. Louanjli, A. Soukri","doi":"10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/6518D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/6518D","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387821,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 11","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129942965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10713D
N. S. Romanov
{"title":"A Morphological Comparison between Northern (Salvelinus malma) and Southern (Salvelinus curilus) Dolly Varden Chars (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae)","authors":"N. S. Romanov","doi":"10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10713D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10713D","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387821,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 11","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123983090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10925D
D. Kalavathi, G. Subramanian
The present study was aimed to find out the ability of the marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria boryana BDU 92181 to produce H2O2 and to optimize its photoproduction with a view to harness its potential for decolorization of distillery effluent. The organism decolorized distillery effluent (5% V/V) by about 60% in 30 days. The mechanism of decolorization is postulated to be due to the production of hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen released by the cyanobacterium during photosynthesis. The effects of light intensity as well as different enhancers and inhibitors on the production of H2O2 in this organism were studied. Our results showed that, riboflavin and MnSO4 positively influenced H2O2 production. Sodium metabisulphite and potassium cyanide inhibited H2O2 production.
{"title":"Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Photoproduction by a Marine Cyanobacterium Oscillatoria boryana BDU 92181 with Potential Use in Bioremediation","authors":"D. Kalavathi, G. Subramanian","doi":"10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10925D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10925D","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was aimed to find out the ability of the marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria boryana BDU 92181 to produce H2O2 and to optimize its photoproduction with a view to harness its potential for decolorization of distillery effluent. The organism decolorized distillery effluent (5% V/V) by about 60% in 30 days. The mechanism of decolorization is postulated to be due to the production of hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen released by the cyanobacterium during photosynthesis. The effects of light intensity as well as different enhancers and inhibitors on the production of H2O2 in this organism were studied. Our results showed that, riboflavin and MnSO4 positively influenced H2O2 production. Sodium metabisulphite and potassium cyanide inhibited H2O2 production.","PeriodicalId":387821,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 11","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134201894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10488D
L. Kullman
In a context of recent climate change, the conversion of a restricted area of treeless alpine/subalpine tundra to mountain birch forest (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) was studied by repeat photography, demographic analysis in combination with tree growth surveillance in permanent plots. In addition, flora change was recorded within the emerging birch forest stand. The study was initiated in 1980, when a large snow bank still covered the site well into mid-July. Climate warming and associated enhanced snow melt since the early 20th century has made the snow disappear earlier during most summers. In response, a fairly dense population of seed-regenerated low-growing birch saplings gradually emerged. The population stagnated in average height until the early 1980s, when height growth and recruitment accelerated. Thereafter, a dense stand of tree-sized birches emerged. Concurrently, the character of the ground cover transformed from alpine snow bed to subalpine birch forest, as the snow has melted increasingly early, in combination with the presence of a shading tree layer. Earlier snow melt facilitated the establishment of scattered saplings of Pinus sylvestris. Possibly, an analogous course of patchy elevational subalpine forest expansion may be suggested as a reasonable option in a hypothetical case of further climate warming. The establishment of this forest stand may bear some resemblance to the evolution if the first Holocene mountain birch forests.
{"title":"Recent Local Birch Forest (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) Evolution in the Treeline Ecotone of the Swedish Scandes-response to Earlier Snow-melt","authors":"L. Kullman","doi":"10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10488D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/10488D","url":null,"abstract":"In a context of recent climate change, the conversion of a restricted area of treeless alpine/subalpine tundra to mountain birch forest (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) was studied by repeat photography, demographic analysis in combination with tree growth surveillance in permanent plots. In addition, flora change was recorded within the emerging birch forest stand. The study was initiated in 1980, when a large snow bank still covered the site well into mid-July. Climate warming and associated enhanced snow melt since the early 20th century has made the snow disappear earlier during most summers. In response, a fairly dense population of seed-regenerated low-growing birch saplings gradually emerged. The population stagnated in average height until the early 1980s, when height growth and recruitment accelerated. Thereafter, a dense stand of tree-sized birches emerged. Concurrently, the character of the ground cover transformed from alpine snow bed to subalpine birch forest, as the snow has melted increasingly early, in combination with the presence of a shading tree layer. Earlier snow melt facilitated the establishment of scattered saplings of Pinus sylvestris. Possibly, an analogous course of patchy elevational subalpine forest expansion may be suggested as a reasonable option in a hypothetical case of further climate warming. The establishment of this forest stand may bear some resemblance to the evolution if the first Holocene mountain birch forests.","PeriodicalId":387821,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 11","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132883751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/2680F
Elchin R. Juanico, A. A. Flores
An experiment utilizing the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was done to prove the anti-diabetic effect of Leucaena leucocephala Linn. (Ipil-ipil) seed extract on albino mice as test animals. The study also aimed to detect the phytochemicals present in the extract, ascertain its physical properties, and compare its effect among three concentration levels and the positive control, a commercially prepared anti-hyperglycemic drug.Analysis of the extract‟s chemical properties showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and phenolic compounds; anthraquinone and steroid were not detected. The extract‟s color was orange, with a pleasant odor, a pH of 5.44, and was found to be miscible in both water and acetone, but was immiscible in chloroform. Among the three extract concentration levels used, 50% level was found to be most effective in reducing blood glucose levels (BGL) in the experimental animals, while the pure extract (100% concentration) was the least effective. However, reductions in BGL were not significantly different among the concentration levels and that of the commercial drug. Thus, it is clear that Leucaena leucocephala Linn has anti-diabetic potentials which are comparable to the commercial anti-hyperglycemic drug Metformin.It is recommended that other parts of the plant be also tested for its anti-diabetic potentials taking into consideration also the detection of other secondary metabolites which may be present in the plant parts, and evaluating its other potential applications.
{"title":"Investigating the Anti-diabetic Effect of Leucaena leucocephala Linn. (Ipil-Ipil) Seed Extract on Albino Mice","authors":"Elchin R. Juanico, A. A. Flores","doi":"10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/2680F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/2680F","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment utilizing the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was done to prove the anti-diabetic effect of Leucaena leucocephala Linn. (Ipil-ipil) seed extract on albino mice as test animals. The study also aimed to detect the phytochemicals present in the extract, ascertain its physical properties, and compare its effect among three concentration levels and the positive control, a commercially prepared anti-hyperglycemic drug.Analysis of the extract‟s chemical properties showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and phenolic compounds; anthraquinone and steroid were not detected. The extract‟s color was orange, with a pleasant odor, a pH of 5.44, and was found to be miscible in both water and acetone, but was immiscible in chloroform. Among the three extract concentration levels used, 50% level was found to be most effective in reducing blood glucose levels (BGL) in the experimental animals, while the pure extract (100% concentration) was the least effective. However, reductions in BGL were not significantly different among the concentration levels and that of the commercial drug. Thus, it is clear that Leucaena leucocephala Linn has anti-diabetic potentials which are comparable to the commercial anti-hyperglycemic drug Metformin.It is recommended that other parts of the plant be also tested for its anti-diabetic potentials taking into consideration also the detection of other secondary metabolites which may be present in the plant parts, and evaluating its other potential applications.","PeriodicalId":387821,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 11","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129778614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/9601D
G. Bai, T. Matsuba, T. Niki, T. Hattori
{"title":"Efficient Production of Osteopontin-Encapsulating Exosome by LPS Stimulated THP-1 Macrophages","authors":"G. Bai, T. Matsuba, T. Niki, T. Hattori","doi":"10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/9601D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/RRAB/V11/9601D","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387821,"journal":{"name":"Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 11","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114454787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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