We examine the role of political affiliation during the selection of Opportunity Zones, a place-based tax incentive enacted by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. We find governors are on average 7.6% more likely to select a census tract as an Opportunity Zone when the tract’s state representative is a member of the governor’s political party. Further, we find that this effect ranges from 0.0% to 26.4% based on the state-level processes governors used to select Opportunity Zones, such as engagement of professional advisors and implementation of public comment procedures. These effects are incremental to important demographic factors that also increased the likelihood of selection, such as lower income levels and improving local conditions. These results provide evidence relevant for current Congressional legislative proposals by informing the extent to which state-level politics and processes affected the implementation of this incentive.
{"title":"What Determines Where Opportunity Knocks? Political Affiliation in the Selection of Opportunity Zones","authors":"M. M. Frank, Jeffrey L. Hoopes, Rebecca Lester","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3534451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3534451","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the role of political affiliation during the selection of Opportunity Zones, a place-based tax incentive enacted by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. We find governors are on average 7.6% more likely to select a census tract as an Opportunity Zone when the tract’s state representative is a member of the governor’s political party. Further, we find that this effect ranges from 0.0% to 26.4% based on the state-level processes governors used to select Opportunity Zones, such as engagement of professional advisors and implementation of public comment procedures. These effects are incremental to important demographic factors that also increased the likelihood of selection, such as lower income levels and improving local conditions. These results provide evidence relevant for current Congressional legislative proposals by informing the extent to which state-level politics and processes affected the implementation of this incentive.","PeriodicalId":388011,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129755817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current paper exposes critical notes on the doctoral thesis "The impact of adopting ethics and compliance programs on business strategy" elaborated by Valeriu Deciu, „Al. I. Cuza” University of Iasi, Romania. Based on the thesis analysis I found that it corresponds to the requirements of the elaboration of a doctoral thesis in the field and I agreed with its public defence. The PhD student pursues a transdisciplinary approach, having as a central point the field of ethics management, approaching the theories and instruments from the area of management but also from that of applied ethics and sociology. The research is exploratory in nature, being approached a relatively new field for the literature in the area of ethics management in our country, a field that is also a novelty for the Romanian managerial practice itself. The paper also has a confirmatory side, the statistical processing of the data obtained through a survey based on a questionnaire leading to the confirmation of hypotheses formulated by the doctoral student throughout the paper.
{"title":"Critical Notes on the Doctoral Thesis -the Impact of Adopting Ethics and Compliance Programs on Business Strategy- Elaborated by Valeriu Deciu, ‘Al. I. Cuza’ University of Iasi","authors":"A. Sandu","doi":"10.18662/lumeneas/15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18662/lumeneas/15","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper exposes critical notes on the doctoral thesis \"The impact of adopting ethics and compliance programs on business strategy\" elaborated by Valeriu Deciu, „Al. I. Cuza” University of Iasi, Romania. Based on the thesis analysis I found that it corresponds to the requirements of the elaboration of a doctoral thesis in the field and I agreed with its public defence. The PhD student pursues a transdisciplinary approach, having as a central point the field of ethics management, approaching the theories and instruments from the area of management but also from that of applied ethics and sociology. The research is exploratory in nature, being approached a relatively new field for the literature in the area of ethics management in our country, a field that is also a novelty for the Romanian managerial practice itself. The paper also has a confirmatory side, the statistical processing of the data obtained through a survey based on a questionnaire leading to the confirmation of hypotheses formulated by the doctoral student throughout the paper.","PeriodicalId":388011,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132111090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Johnston, J. Veldman, R. Eccles, S. Deakin, Jerry Davis, M. Djelic, Katharina Pistor, B. Segrestin, Cynthia A. Williams, David K. Millon, P. Ireland, Beate Sjåfjell, Christopher M. Bruner, L. Talbot, H. Willmott, C. Villiers, C. Liao, Bertrand Valiorgue, Jason Glynos, Todd L. Sayre, B. Morgan, Rick Wartzman, P. Sikka, F. Gregor, D. Jacobs, R. Gill, Roger Brown, Vincenzo Bavoso, Neil M. Lancastle, J. Matthaei, Scott Taylor, Ulf Larsson-Olaison, Jay Cullen, A. Dignam, T. W. Joo, C. O'Kelly, C. Keating, R. Tomasic, S. Lilley, Kevin D. Tennent, K. Robson, W. Maley, I. Chiu, E. McGaughey, C. Rees, N. Boeger, A. Leaver, Marc T. Moore, L. Paape, A. Meyer, M. Palazzi, N. Kaul, J. Espinosa-Cristia, Timothy Kuhn, D. Cooper, Susanne Soederberg, André Jansson, S. Watson, O. Sitbon, J. Loughrey, D. Collison, M. McCulloch, M. McCulloch, N. Samanta, D. Greenwood, Grahame F. Thompson, A. Keay, A. Contu, Andreas Rühmkorf, Richard Hull, Irene-Marié Esser, Nihel Chabrak
The current model of corporate governance needs reform. There is mounting evidence that the practices of shareholder primacy drive company directors and executives to adopt the same short time horizon as financial markets. Pressure to meet the demands of the financial markets drives stock buybacks, excessive dividends and a failure to invest in productive capabilities. The result is a ‘tragedy of the horizon’, with corporations and their shareholders failing to consider environmental, social or even their own, long-term, economic sustainability.With less than a decade left to address the threat of climate change, and with consensus emerging that businesses need to be held accountable for their contribution, it is time to act and reform corporate governance in the EU.The statement puts forward specific recommendations to clarify the obligations of company boards and directors and make corporate governance practice significantly more sustainable and focused on the long term.
{"title":"Corporate Governance for Sustainability","authors":"Andrew Johnston, J. Veldman, R. Eccles, S. Deakin, Jerry Davis, M. Djelic, Katharina Pistor, B. Segrestin, Cynthia A. Williams, David K. Millon, P. Ireland, Beate Sjåfjell, Christopher M. Bruner, L. Talbot, H. Willmott, C. Villiers, C. Liao, Bertrand Valiorgue, Jason Glynos, Todd L. Sayre, B. Morgan, Rick Wartzman, P. Sikka, F. Gregor, D. Jacobs, R. Gill, Roger Brown, Vincenzo Bavoso, Neil M. Lancastle, J. Matthaei, Scott Taylor, Ulf Larsson-Olaison, Jay Cullen, A. Dignam, T. W. Joo, C. O'Kelly, C. Keating, R. Tomasic, S. Lilley, Kevin D. Tennent, K. Robson, W. Maley, I. Chiu, E. McGaughey, C. Rees, N. Boeger, A. Leaver, Marc T. Moore, L. Paape, A. Meyer, M. Palazzi, N. Kaul, J. Espinosa-Cristia, Timothy Kuhn, D. Cooper, Susanne Soederberg, André Jansson, S. Watson, O. Sitbon, J. Loughrey, D. Collison, M. McCulloch, M. McCulloch, N. Samanta, D. Greenwood, Grahame F. Thompson, A. Keay, A. Contu, Andreas Rühmkorf, Richard Hull, Irene-Marié Esser, Nihel Chabrak","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3502101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3502101","url":null,"abstract":"The current model of corporate governance needs reform. There is mounting evidence that the practices of shareholder primacy drive company directors and executives to adopt the same short time horizon as financial markets. Pressure to meet the demands of the financial markets drives stock buybacks, excessive dividends and a failure to invest in productive capabilities. The result is a ‘tragedy of the horizon’, with corporations and their shareholders failing to consider environmental, social or even their own, long-term, economic sustainability.With less than a decade left to address the threat of climate change, and with consensus emerging that businesses need to be held accountable for their contribution, it is time to act and reform corporate governance in the EU.The statement puts forward specific recommendations to clarify the obligations of company boards and directors and make corporate governance practice significantly more sustainable and focused on the long term.","PeriodicalId":388011,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122499786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over four centuries, nuisance law has proved its versatility. Originally, a near strict liability doctrine restraining uses that interfered with traditional agrarian and domestic uses, nuisance evolved to accommodate the industrial revolution, providing nuisance defendants with defenses like suitability of uses to their location, use of best available technology, and a high standing bar for private plaintiffs alleging public nuisances, making injunctive relief unlikely. In the mid-20th century, the Restatements were interpreted by some courts to endorse wholesale balancing of the gravity of harmful activities versus their economic value to the defendant and society not just limited to the issue of injunctive relief versus damages but whether a nuisance existed at all. This transformation of nuisance doctrine, like the earlier one, was the product of instrumentalism: a perceived need to accommodate economic growth, as judges were able to deny nuisance plaintiffs relief based on value judgments about the relative value of development versus environmental quality. In recent years, the U.S. Supreme Court has intervened to stop federal nuisance law from applying to interstate pollution, including greenhouse gas emissions. The Court did so not on the basis of congressional intent but on its vision of federalism and judicial competency. While these decisions seem to remove nuisance law from the foremost pollution threat in our time, the doctrine may regain relevance if the Court proceeds to narrowly interpret the scope of federal environmental legislation protecting resources like wetlands and groundwater, thereby eliminating displacement arguments. If those resources are not federally regulated, nuisance doctrine would give injured landowners a remedy, just as it has afforded those injured by emissions from hog farms, recently the subject of multi-million dollar damage suits. This paper traces the evolution of nuisance law, examining a dozen landmark cases, revealing a doctrine that began by protecting traditional agrarian and domestic uses, yet was malleable enough to accommodate perceived development priorities in the 19th and 20th centuries. The paper does suggest that where not federally displaced or preempted by state statutes, nuisance law today remains a viable cause of action for injured landowners, particularly where the issue is left to juries. Given the evident hostility of the Supreme Court, nuisance may not be available to combat greenhouse gas emissions, despite the felt necessities of the 21st century, like the evident damages due unrestrained atmospheric pollution and ocean acidification, but could supply injured parties a remedy against unregulated activities. Those parties might encourage courts to rediscover nuisance’s strict liability roots and return the doctrine to its origins protecting against uses that inflict substantial injuries on their neighbors and the public at large.
{"title":"A Dozen Landmark Nuisance Cases and Their Environmental Significance","authors":"M. Blumm","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3408549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3408549","url":null,"abstract":"Over four centuries, nuisance law has proved its versatility. Originally, a near strict liability doctrine restraining uses that interfered with traditional agrarian and domestic uses, nuisance evolved to accommodate the industrial revolution, providing nuisance defendants with defenses like suitability of uses to their location, use of best available technology, and a high standing bar for private plaintiffs alleging public nuisances, making injunctive relief unlikely. In the mid-20th century, the Restatements were interpreted by some courts to endorse wholesale balancing of the gravity of harmful activities versus their economic value to the defendant and society not just limited to the issue of injunctive relief versus damages but whether a nuisance existed at all. This transformation of nuisance doctrine, like the earlier one, was the product of instrumentalism: a perceived need to accommodate economic growth, as judges were able to deny nuisance plaintiffs relief based on value judgments about the relative value of development versus environmental quality. \u0000 \u0000In recent years, the U.S. Supreme Court has intervened to stop federal nuisance law from applying to interstate pollution, including greenhouse gas emissions. The Court did so not on the basis of congressional intent but on its vision of federalism and judicial competency. While these decisions seem to remove nuisance law from the foremost pollution threat in our time, the doctrine may regain relevance if the Court proceeds to narrowly interpret the scope of federal environmental legislation protecting resources like wetlands and groundwater, thereby eliminating displacement arguments. If those resources are not federally regulated, nuisance doctrine would give injured landowners a remedy, just as it has afforded those injured by emissions from hog farms, recently the subject of multi-million dollar damage suits. \u0000 \u0000This paper traces the evolution of nuisance law, examining a dozen landmark cases, revealing a doctrine that began by protecting traditional agrarian and domestic uses, yet was malleable enough to accommodate perceived development priorities in the 19th and 20th centuries. The paper does suggest that where not federally displaced or preempted by state statutes, nuisance law today remains a viable cause of action for injured landowners, particularly where the issue is left to juries. Given the evident hostility of the Supreme Court, nuisance may not be available to combat greenhouse gas emissions, despite the felt necessities of the 21st century, like the evident damages due unrestrained atmospheric pollution and ocean acidification, but could supply injured parties a remedy against unregulated activities. Those parties might encourage courts to rediscover nuisance’s strict liability roots and return the doctrine to its origins protecting against uses that inflict substantial injuries on their neighbors and the public at large.","PeriodicalId":388011,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133632275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Company performance is one of the most important aspect in an organization. It is important for an organization to be a profitable and survive over time. The image of a company is based on their performance. A bad company performance will lose to attract the shareholder as shareholder is one of the profit resources. Company performance is determined by their profitability. The aim of this research was to determine the internal and external factors towards company performance on Under Armour Inc in United States. The analysis shows that firm specific factor (quick ratio, debt ratio, average collection period, operational ratio, operating margin, and corporate governance index (CGI) and macro-economic factor (gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, unemployment rate, exchange rate and Beta.) influence the profitability of the firm. This study suggest that the firm should do well in managing their shareholders’ equity to maximize shareholder’ wealth and generate profit to company by establishing a clear information regarding how and where the firm invest the shareholder’s money and complies more towards corporate governance elements such as transparency, fairness, accountability, independence and sustainability in the firm.
{"title":"Determinant Factors of Company Performance in Under Armour Inc.","authors":"N. Mohamad","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3498357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3498357","url":null,"abstract":"Company performance is one of the most important aspect in an organization. It is important for an organization to be a profitable and survive over time. The image of a company is based on their performance. A bad company performance will lose to attract the shareholder as shareholder is one of the profit resources. Company performance is determined by their profitability. The aim of this research was to determine the internal and external factors towards company performance on Under Armour Inc in United States. The analysis shows that firm specific factor (quick ratio, debt ratio, average collection period, operational ratio, operating margin, and corporate governance index (CGI) and macro-economic factor (gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, unemployment rate, exchange rate and Beta.) influence the profitability of the firm. This study suggest that the firm should do well in managing their shareholders’ equity to maximize shareholder’ wealth and generate profit to company by establishing a clear information regarding how and where the firm invest the shareholder’s money and complies more towards corporate governance elements such as transparency, fairness, accountability, independence and sustainability in the firm.","PeriodicalId":388011,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125329303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-07DOI: 10.17573/cepar.2019.2.09
Nina Tomaževič
Over the past two decades, social responsibility (SR) has become a key principle of many private sector entities that aim for business excellence. Similarly, in the public sector, the latest public governance models (PGMs) are based on the selected public governance principles (e.g. consensus orientation, participation, equity and inclusiveness) directed at connecting and including all types of stakeholders in decision-making and carrying out the activities of public sector organisations. Yet, there is insufficient reliable empirical evidence with respect to the relationship between social responsibility and the underlying principles of PGMs. The principal goal of the article is thus to identify the relationship between the concept of social responsibility and consensus orientation, which is one of the main theoretically and practically grounded principles of PGMs. This goal is addressed by applying the QDA Miner software package and analysing the contents of the 100 most relevant scientific papers from the Web of Science database. Specifically, the relationship between occurrence of the ‘consensus orientation’ principle and SR is identified and quantified, revealing the importance of the latter. Moreover, different PGMs are analysed in terms of consensus orientation and SR enforcement, providing tangible guidelines to help advance theory and practice in the domain of public governance.
在过去的二十年里，社会责任(SR)已经成为许多私营企业追求卓越经营的关键原则。同样，在公共部门，最新的公共治理模式(PGMs)基于选定的公共治理原则(如共识导向、参与、公平和包容)，旨在将公共部门组织的决策和开展活动的所有类型的利益相关者联系起来并包括在内。然而，关于社会责任与政府间管理的基本原则之间的关系，缺乏可靠的经验证据。因此，本文的主要目的是确定社会责任概念与共识导向之间的关系，共识导向是PGMs的主要理论和实践基础原则之一。这一目标是通过应用QDA Miner软件包和分析Web of Science数据库中100篇最相关的科学论文的内容来实现的。具体而言，“共识导向”原则的发生与社会责任之间的关系被识别和量化，揭示了后者的重要性。此外，本文还从共识导向和社会责任执行的角度分析了不同的公共治理机制，为公共治理领域的理论和实践提供了切实的指导。
{"title":"Social Responsibility and Consensus Orientation in Public Governance: a Content Analysis","authors":"Nina Tomaževič","doi":"10.17573/cepar.2019.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2019.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, social responsibility (SR) has become a key principle of many private sector entities that aim for business excellence. Similarly, in the public sector, the latest public governance models (PGMs) are based on the selected public governance principles (e.g. consensus orientation, participation, equity and inclusiveness) directed at connecting and including all types of stakeholders in decision-making and carrying out the activities of public sector organisations. Yet, there is insufficient reliable empirical evidence with respect to the relationship between social responsibility and the underlying principles of PGMs. The principal goal of the article is thus to identify the relationship between the concept of social responsibility and consensus orientation, which is one of the main theoretically and practically grounded principles of PGMs. This goal is addressed by applying the QDA Miner software package and analysing the contents of the 100 most relevant scientific papers from the Web of Science database. Specifically, the relationship between occurrence of the ‘consensus orientation’ principle and SR is identified and quantified, revealing the importance of the latter. Moreover, different PGMs are analysed in terms of consensus orientation and SR enforcement, providing tangible guidelines to help advance theory and practice in the domain of public governance.","PeriodicalId":388011,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113952061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbara Borgato, Chiara Mio, Pier Luigi Marchini, Alice Medioli
This study aims to analyze the issue of Stakeholder Engagement (SE) in mandatory non-financial reporting (NFR) in Italy, also as element supporting the quality of non-financial disclosure. In particular, following previous research that demonstrated critical aspects with regard to this issue in the first reporting period (2017 fiscal year), this paper explores whether and how an activity of SE has been performed and disclosed by first-time reporters in the second year of the application of the law.
A SE Score is proposed to assess the level of SE disclosed by Italian companies that, before the transposition of the European Directive 2014/95/EU, did not communicate voluntarily non-financial information. In addition, the effect of board characteristics and strategic posture on the level of SE disclosed is examined.
The study shows that the level of SE is positively affected by board independence and active strategic posture (represented by social and environmental certifications), while board size is negative related to the result of the SE Score.
To the best of authors knowledge, this is the first research that explores in depth the issue of SE in mandatory NFR in the Italian context, testing the impact of possible determinants.
This study provides some insights for companies and policy makers and extends previous literature on both SE and mandatory NFR.
{"title":"Stakeholder Engagement in Mandatory Non-Financial Reporting: First Results for First-Time Reporters in Italy","authors":"Barbara Borgato, Chiara Mio, Pier Luigi Marchini, Alice Medioli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3479186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3479186","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the issue of Stakeholder Engagement (SE) in mandatory non-financial reporting (NFR) in Italy, also as element supporting the quality of non-financial disclosure. In particular, following previous research that demonstrated critical aspects with regard to this issue in the first reporting period (2017 fiscal year), this paper explores whether and how an activity of SE has been performed and disclosed by first-time reporters in the second year of the application of the law. <br><br>A SE Score is proposed to assess the level of SE disclosed by Italian companies that, before the transposition of the European Directive 2014/95/EU, did not communicate voluntarily non-financial information. In addition, the effect of board characteristics and strategic posture on the level of SE disclosed is examined. <br><br>The study shows that the level of SE is positively affected by board independence and active strategic posture (represented by social and environmental certifications), while board size is negative related to the result of the SE Score. <br><br>To the best of authors knowledge, this is the first research that explores in depth the issue of SE in mandatory NFR in the Italian context, testing the impact of possible determinants. <br><br>This study provides some insights for companies and policy makers and extends previous literature on both SE and mandatory NFR.<br>","PeriodicalId":388011,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130842048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The objective of the study is to familiarise policymakers and practitioners in both the companies in their achievements of CSR projects and specialization by comparing Corporate Social Responsibility Practices (CSR) in Oman Liquefied Natural Gas Company LLC (Oman LNG) and Oman India Fertilizer Company (OMIFCO). Design /methodology/approach: A questionnaire survey was adopted and the details of the companies’ business CSR approaches, CSR projects, measurements of CSR projects, disclosure, and challenges, in the long run, were obtained from the CSR experts in the companies. Further, secondary data was also collected from the companies’ websites, annual reports, and CSR bulletins. Findings: The results of the study indicate that both the companies contribute to society in a positive way as they are accountable to implement CSR as they are the main players in Sur. Both the companies, value developing a practical CSR strategy in their business model concerning customers, stakeholders, contractors, and suppliers, more importantly, the society. However, there is no systematic approach and assessment approach to the level of impact on their CSR projects. Research Limitations / Implications: It is suggested that there is a need to establish a formal mean of dialogue between both the companies and the rest of the stakeholders in order to harmonize CSR projects so that replication of projects can be avoided. To achieve harmony of CSR projects, it is necessary to unite and share the best practices and innovative initiatives of CSR, through the development of a guide to familiarise the CSR concepts along with the tools and methodologies. Practical Implications: It can be seen that setting measurable goals, techniques, sustainability issue mapping, sustainability management system, life cycle assessment and CSR reporting are the significant gaps in the CSR approach of both the companies and the model practices should prescribe the same. Originality/value: This is the first-hand study of its kind as there is no comparative study of O&G companies has been done.
{"title":"A Comparative Case Study on Accountability of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices in Oman Lng and Omifco at Sur City in Oman","authors":"Hilal Al Salmi, Firdouse R Khan","doi":"10.18510/hssr.2019.7556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7556","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The objective of the study is to familiarise policymakers and practitioners in both the companies in their achievements of CSR projects and specialization by comparing Corporate Social Responsibility Practices (CSR) in Oman Liquefied Natural Gas Company LLC (Oman LNG) and Oman India Fertilizer Company (OMIFCO). \u0000Design /methodology/approach: A questionnaire survey was adopted and the details of the companies’ business CSR approaches, CSR projects, measurements of CSR projects, disclosure, and challenges, in the long run, were obtained from the CSR experts in the companies. Further, secondary data was also collected from the companies’ websites, annual reports, and CSR bulletins. \u0000Findings: The results of the study indicate that both the companies contribute to society in a positive way as they are accountable to implement CSR as they are the main players in Sur. Both the companies, value developing a practical CSR strategy in their business model concerning customers, stakeholders, contractors, and suppliers, more importantly, the society. However, there is no systematic approach and assessment approach to the level of impact on their CSR projects. \u0000Research Limitations / Implications: It is suggested that there is a need to establish a formal mean of dialogue between both the companies and the rest of the stakeholders in order to harmonize CSR projects so that replication of projects can be avoided. To achieve harmony of CSR projects, it is necessary to unite and share the best practices and innovative initiatives of CSR, through the development of a guide to familiarise the CSR concepts along with the tools and methodologies. \u0000Practical Implications: It can be seen that setting measurable goals, techniques, sustainability issue mapping, sustainability management system, life cycle assessment and CSR reporting are the significant gaps in the CSR approach of both the companies and the model practices should prescribe the same. \u0000Originality/value: This is the first-hand study of its kind as there is no comparative study of O&G companies has been done.","PeriodicalId":388011,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114616360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Can material flow analysis (MFA) support strategic decisions necessary for the development of circular economy (CE) in a developing country? MFA can be an essential tool in providing necessary data inputs for decisions related to the development of CE. Data-poor environments in developing economies, however, e.g. lack of data on physical flows in manufacturing, pose challenges to doing MFA. Other data however, in particular trade statistics accounting for shipment mass, are often available. We undertake a case study to characterize plastic flows in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) for 2016, demonstrating how leveraging such data enables MFA. A notable result from the MFA is that much (48%) of the landfilled plastic in T&T comes from plastic packaging for imported products rather than intentional domestic use. This is an example of what is probably a typical CE challenge for island nations: Importing materials with limited domestic demand at end-of-life. We use the MFA results to propose suggestions for a more circular flow of plastics in T&T. First, there is potential to divert plastic waste (including packaging plastic) for use as feedstock in a local cement plant. Second, the scale of PET plastic flows is of sufficient scale (26,000 metric tons annually) to make domestic recycle feasible. Techno-economic studies are needed to properly develop and evaluate these proposals, the role of the MFA here is to identify promising directions.
{"title":"Materials Flow Analysis in Support of Circular Economy Development: Plastics in Trinidad and Tobago","authors":"S. Millette, E. Williams, C. E. Hull","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3463783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3463783","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Can material flow analysis (MFA) support strategic decisions necessary for the development of circular economy (CE) in a developing country? MFA can be an essential tool in providing necessary data inputs for decisions related to the development of CE. Data-poor environments in developing economies, however, e.g. lack of data on physical flows in manufacturing, pose challenges to doing MFA. Other data however, in particular trade statistics accounting for shipment mass, are often available. We undertake a case study to characterize plastic flows in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) for 2016, demonstrating how leveraging such data enables MFA. A notable result from the MFA is that much (48%) of the landfilled plastic in T&T comes from plastic packaging for imported products rather than intentional domestic use. This is an example of what is probably a typical CE challenge for island nations: Importing materials with limited domestic demand at end-of-life. We use the MFA results to propose suggestions for a more circular flow of plastics in T&T. First, there is potential to divert plastic waste (including packaging plastic) for use as feedstock in a local cement plant. Second, the scale of PET plastic flows is of sufficient scale (26,000 metric tons annually) to make domestic recycle feasible. Techno-economic studies are needed to properly develop and evaluate these proposals, the role of the MFA here is to identify promising directions.","PeriodicalId":388011,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114077260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regulators, practitioners, and researchers are expressing growing concern over the readability of financial disclosures. Several recent regulatory guidelines are aimed specifically at simplifying the language of financial reporting in order to ensure that the reports can be read and understood by the public at large. However, quantitative scientific evidence of the evolving linguistic complexity of finance is scarce. In this work we introduce various methods for measuring the linguistic complexity of financial texts. Some of these methods rely on advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques unavailable when earlier studies were conducted. We apply these methods to decades’ worth of texts from various domains. We have found that 10-K reports have grown substantially longer, more complex and less readable. In terms of education necessary to comprehend them, this increased complexity translates to additional 2.2 years of schooling over the course of 18 years. A similar pattern of using highly complex language is also evident in financial news. The latter finding suggests that financial reality is becoming increasingly difficult to describe and explain. In contrast, the language of other corpora, including general news and scientific publications, has become more readable over the same period of time.
{"title":"Doyoureadme? Temporal Trends in the Language Complexity of Financial Reporting","authors":"Danny Lesmy, Lev Muchnik, Yevgeny Mugerman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3469073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3469073","url":null,"abstract":"Regulators, practitioners, and researchers are expressing growing concern over the readability of financial disclosures. Several recent regulatory guidelines are aimed specifically at simplifying the language of financial reporting in order to ensure that the reports can be read and understood by the public at large. However, quantitative scientific evidence of the evolving linguistic complexity of finance is scarce. In this work we introduce various methods for measuring the linguistic complexity of financial texts. Some of these methods rely on advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques unavailable when earlier studies were conducted. We apply these methods to decades’ worth of texts from various domains. We have found that 10-K reports have grown substantially longer, more complex and less readable. In terms of education necessary to comprehend them, this increased complexity translates to additional 2.2 years of schooling over the course of 18 years. A similar pattern of using highly complex language is also evident in financial news. The latter finding suggests that financial reality is becoming increasingly difficult to describe and explain. In contrast, the language of other corpora, including general news and scientific publications, has become more readable over the same period of time.","PeriodicalId":388011,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134400678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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