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Evaluation of Self-Monitoring in Pre-Schools with Different Social Repertories 不同社会背景学前儿童自我监控的评价
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1982-4327e3218
Talita Pereira Dias, Z. D. Prette
Abstract Difficulties in self-monitoring are potentially related to behavior problems and deficits in social skills. Clarifying these relationships-still little investigated in early childhood-can bring theoretical and practical contributions to child development. This study sought to characterize self-monitoring indicators (self-description, description, and choice of consequences) in preschool children, with different repertoires of social skills and problem behaviors. A total of 53 preschool children (5-6 years-old), of both sexes and from public schools were assessed by their parents and teachers on social skills and problem behaviors and completed tasks from an Illustrative Self-Monitoring resource. The results indicated: (a) better scores for children with social skills in all self-monitoring indicators; (b) positive correlations of indicators with social skills and negative correlations with internalizing problem behaviors. The possible influence of cognitive and verbal development on outcomes, the usefulness of the Illustrative Self-Monitoring resource to identify existing contingencies, and the importance of promoting self-monitoring in early childhood are discussed.
自我监控的困难可能与行为问题和社交技能缺陷有关。澄清这些关系——在儿童早期研究仍然很少——可以为儿童发展带来理论和实践上的贡献。本研究旨在探讨具有不同社会技能和问题行为的学龄前儿童的自我监控指标(自我描述、描述和后果选择)的特征。共有53名来自公立学校的5-6岁学龄前儿童(男女均有)接受了家长和老师对其社交技能和问题行为的评估,并完成了说明性自我监控资源中的任务。结果表明:(a)具有社交技能的儿童在各项自我监测指标上得分较高;(b)指标与社会技能正相关,与问题行为内化负相关。讨论了认知和语言发展对结果的可能影响,说明性自我监控资源在识别现有突发事件方面的有用性,以及在儿童早期促进自我监控的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Madness and Anchoring in the Brazilian Press: A Study in Social Representation 巴西媒体中的疯狂与锚定:社会表征研究
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1982-4327e3231
Maria de Fátima de Souza Santos, Renan Harmes Eskinazi
Abstract The Brawzilian Psychiatric Reform sought to introduce new perspectives on madness, integrating other meanings about mental health; however, it seems that mad and crazy are used in everyday communications to describe social events and behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the main contents and beliefs that anchor the social representations of madness in a printed newspaper. A Thematic Content Analysis was carried out with 846 articles from the newspaper Folha de São Paulo from the years 1978 and 2018. Seven categories were constructed that anchor the idea of madness: Eccentric, Unpredictable, Intense, Irrational, Violent, Subversive, and Transgressive. The stories reinforce the stigma of madness as something divergent, strange. The construction of an inverse anchoring underlies the representations of madness, demarcating the distance between the “normal” and the “crazy. It was concluded that madness is still understood based on social devaluation and demeaning, leading to exclusionary practices.
【摘要】《巴西精神病学改革》试图引入关于疯癫的新视角,整合精神健康的其他含义;然而,mad和crazy似乎在日常交流中用来描述社会事件和行为。本研究旨在探讨报纸对疯狂的社会表征的主要内容和信念。对1978年至2018年《圣保罗页报》的846篇文章进行了主题内容分析。他们构建了七个类别来确定疯狂的概念:古怪的、不可预测的、强烈的、非理性的、暴力的、颠覆的和越轨的。这些故事强化了疯狂的污名,认为它是一种不同的、奇怪的东西。逆向锚定的构建是疯狂表征的基础,划定了“正常”与“疯狂”之间的距离。结论是,疯狂仍然是基于社会的贬低和贬低来理解的,导致了排他性的做法。
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引用次数: 0
Figural Creativity Test: Initial Investigation for Use in Adolescents and Adults 图形创意测验:青少年和成人使用的初步调查
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1982-4327e3230
T. Nakano, Laís Rovina Batagin, Luana Hillary Fusaro
Abstract As part of an investigation into the psychometric qualities of the Children’s Figural Creativity Test (TCFI) for adolescents and adults, the research examined factor analysis, precision, and influence of gender and educational level variables. The sample consisted of 309 individuals (M = 33.35 years; SD = 22.04), 166 females and three levels of education, who filled out the aforementioned instrument. During the exploratory factor analysis, four factors were identified: the elaboration factor (F1), the external aspects factor (F2), cognitive aspects factor (F3), and emotional aspects factor (F4). Precision of the instrument was ω = 0.776. We found differences in F1 and total score favoring females, in all factors and in total creativity, favoring the group with the highest education. Prior to using the instrument with individuals older than those considered in the children’s version of the test, studies investigating other psychometric characteristics are advised.
摘要为探讨儿童图形创造力测验(TCFI)在青少年和成人中的心理测量质量,本研究考察了因子分析、准确性以及性别和教育水平变量的影响。样本包括309名个体(M = 33.35岁;SD = 22.04),女性166名,受教育程度不同。在探索性因素分析中,确定了四个因素:阐述因素(F1)、外在因素(F2)、认知因素(F3)和情感因素(F4)。仪器的精密度为ω = 0.776。我们发现F1和总分的差异有利于女性,在所有因素和总创造力方面,都有利于受教育程度最高的群体。在对年龄大于儿童版本的测试对象使用该工具之前,建议对其他心理测量特征进行研究。
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引用次数: 0
Video Game Interaction Related to Increased Present Attention in College Students 电子游戏互动与大学生当下注意力增加的关系
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1982-4327e3202
Radael Rezende Rodrigues Junior, Lívia Rodrigues, M. Souza
Abstract Action video games require a high level of attention and almost automatic psychomotor reactions from the player. Therefore, this study aims to verify the relationship between the amount of hours of interaction with action video games and private self-awareness and attention to the present moment. In total, 1,315 college students were recruited (M = 21.6 years; SD = 2.7), who responded to the Digital Entertainment and Information Use Questionnaire, the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale, and the Full Attention and Awareness Scale. Statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s Post-Hoc Tests) indicated a relationship between hours of video game interaction, attention to the present, and self-reflection. It is concluded that playing action video games regularly and for a certain period of time is related to a lower predisposition to turn attention to oneself and to lower impulsivity, but to a higher disposition to focus on everyday experiences (attention to the present).
动作电子游戏需要玩家高度的注意力和几乎自动的心理运动反应。因此,本研究旨在验证动作电子游戏互动时间与个人自我意识和对当下时刻的关注之间的关系。共招募了1315名大学生(M = 21.6岁;SD = 2.7),他们回答了数字娱乐和信息使用问卷、自我反思和洞察力量表以及充分注意和意识量表。统计分析(Kruskal-Wallis和Dunn的事后测试)表明,电子游戏互动时间、对当下的关注和自我反思之间存在关系。结论是,在一定的时间内经常玩动作电子游戏与较低的将注意力转向自己和较低的冲动性有关,但与更倾向于关注日常体验(关注现在)有关。
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引用次数: 0
Work as Meaning Inventory: Psychometric Properties and Additional Evidence of the Brazilian Version 作为意义清单的工作:巴西版本的心理测量特性和附加证据
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1982-4327e3225
Lilian Gazzoli Zanotelli, A. L. Andrade, J. Peixoto
Abstract Meaningful work promotes the professional development of individuals and organizations. This study aimed to translate, adapt, and present additional evidence of the validity of the Work as Meaning Inventory - WAMI for the Brazilian population. It addressed 2,111 workers (67% women) aged between 18 and 77. The results indicate that the inventory’s Brazilian version has a linguistic structure appropriate to the Brazilian Portuguese and satisfactory goodness of fit indices for the one-factor structure, in addition to invariance across sexes. Additionally, evidence of external convergent validity was found with life satisfaction and job satisfaction, which was negative for exhaustion. The conclusion is that meaningful work benefits the well being of workers and organizations. Thus, we recommend that this adapted version be used in the Brazilian context, as it meets the psychometric requirements for adapting instruments across cultures.
有意义的工作促进个人和组织的专业发展。本研究旨在翻译、调整和提供额外的证据,以证明工作作为意义量表(WAMI)对巴西人口的有效性。调查对象是2111名年龄在18岁至77岁之间的工人(67%为女性)。结果表明,该量表的巴西语版本具有适合巴西葡萄牙语的语言结构,单因素结构的拟合优度指标令人满意,并且具有性别不变性。外收敛效度与生活满意度、工作满意度呈显著负相关,与疲劳负相关。结论是,有意义的工作有利于员工和组织的福祉。因此,我们建议在巴西的背景下使用这个改编版本,因为它符合跨文化调整工具的心理测量学要求。
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引用次数: 0
Life Satisfaction, Affects at School and Depression Symptoms among Adolescents 青少年生活满意度、在校表现及抑郁症状的影响
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1982-4327e3203
João Lucas Dias-Viana, A. Noronha
Abstract The literature indicates that life satisfaction has a direct effect on depression symptoms. For better understanding depression in adolescence, this research examined the relation between life satisfaction and depression symptoms among Brazilian adolescents, and verified the direct effects of positive and negative affects at school, in addition to the mediating effect of these variables on the relation between life satisfaction and depression symptoms. A total of 428 adolescents participated in the research, with mean age equal to 14.88. The Baptista Depression Scale, the Life Satisfaction Scale, and the School Subjective Well-being Scale were used. The models were tested using Path Analysis. The results indicated that affects at school mediated the relation between life satisfaction and depression symptoms. Prevention initiatives that consider the affects related to the school context can be a useful strategy for the promotion of youth mental health.
文献表明,生活满意度对抑郁症状有直接影响。为了更好地理解青少年抑郁,本研究考察了巴西青少年的生活满意度与抑郁症状之间的关系,并验证了学校积极和消极影响的直接影响,以及这些变量对生活满意度与抑郁症状之间关系的中介作用。共有428名青少年参与了这项研究,平均年龄为14.88岁。采用Baptista抑郁量表、生活满意度量表和学校主观幸福感量表。采用通径分析对模型进行检验。结果表明,学校影响在生活满意度与抑郁症状之间起中介作用。考虑到与学校环境有关的影响的预防举措可以成为促进青少年心理健康的有用战略。
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引用次数: 1
Burnout Syndrome in Nursing Professionals in COVID -19 Intensive Care COVID -19重症监护护理人员的职业倦怠综合征
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1982-4327e3234
Jéssica Gonçalves Serra, E.S. Farias,, Laísy de Lima Nunes, Marcelo Xavier de Oliveira, Tharles Maia de Castro
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic evidenced a scenario of increased demands on health professionals that can lead to professional burnout. This study aimed to investigate Burnout Syndrome (BS) and associated factors in nursing professionals working in intensive care units (ICU) of the public service during the COVID-19 pandemic. 157 professionals were evaluated regarding sociodemographic, occupational and working conditions variables, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used. The prevalence of BS was 45.2%, with some professionals suffering from more than one factor of the syndrome: emotional exhaustion (28.7%), depersonalization (3.8%) and low professional fulfillment (24.8%). Logistic regression analysis in the final model showed that female gender, not having children, statutory bond, professionals who had COVID-19 and declared wanting to leave the ICU environment had a higher risk of BS. The results showed BS in nursing professionals and that new risk factors were added with the advent of the pandemic.
COVID-19大流行证明了对卫生专业人员需求增加的情况,这可能导致职业倦怠。本研究旨在调查2019冠状病毒病大流行期间公共服务机构重症监护病房(ICU)护理专业人员的职业倦怠综合征(BS)及其相关因素。采用Maslach职业倦怠量表(MBI)对157名专业人员进行社会人口学、职业和工作条件变量评估。BS患病率为45.2%,部分专业人员存在多种因素:情绪耗竭(28.7%)、人格解体(3.8%)和职业成就感低(24.8%)。最终模型的Logistic回归分析显示,女性、没有孩子、法定担保、感染COVID-19并宣布想要离开ICU环境的专业人员患BS的风险更高。结果显示护理专业人员存在BS,并且随着大流行的到来增加了新的危险因素。
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引用次数: 2
Autobiographical Narratives and Research on the Constitution of Subjectivity in the Vygostkian Perspective 维戈斯特基视角下的自传体叙事与主体性构成研究
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1982-4327e3224
T. Rego
Abstract Research on the constitution of subjectivity continues to be a relevant topic for Psychology. This study aimed to analyze the relevance of exploring autobiographical narratives as a methodological resource for understanding this process. Anchored in the premises of historical-cultural psychology in dialogue with other theoretical perspectives, the defended thesis is that, through this theoretical-methodological alternative, it is possible to investigate the different interrelated domains in the processes of constitution of subjectivities, such as the works of memory, language and the dynamic character that they establish with historical and cultural circumstances. The text comprises four parts: the first explores the challenges involved in researching subjectivity; the second, the contributions of Vygotskian psychology to the understanding of the phenomenon; the third, the fecundity of narratives as methodological resources for the study of subjectivation processes. In the last topic, considerations are made about some results of research carried out from school memories.
对主体性构成的研究一直是心理学研究的热点。本研究旨在分析探究自传体叙事作为理解这一过程的方法论资源的相关性。在与其他理论观点对话的历史文化心理学的前提下,被辩护的论文是,通过这种理论方法论的选择,有可能研究主体性构成过程中不同的相互关联的领域,例如记忆的作品,语言和它们与历史和文化环境建立的动态特征。全文共分四个部分:第一部分探讨主体性研究面临的挑战;第二,维果茨基心理学对理解这一现象的贡献;第三,叙事作为主体化过程研究的方法论资源的繁殖力。在最后一个主题中,对从学校记忆中进行的一些研究结果进行了思考。
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引用次数: 1
Reading Fluency of Higher Education Students 高等教育学生的阅读流畅性
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1982-4327e3240
A. Sucena, Cátia Marques, A. Silva, J. Carneiro
Abstract The literature that links career development with reading skills is scarce. This study seeks to fill this gap, for which the reading fluency of college students was analyzed, taking into account the choice of more/less desirable courses. Desirability is based on the classifications for college access. 211 students participated in the study, 132 female, attending four courses: Mechanical Engineering, Health, Psychology, and Education, in three Portuguese Public Universities. The instruments used were the sociodemographic form and the Teste de Idade de Leitura (Reading Age Test - TIL). The results indicated that students attending less desirable courses (i.e., Education and Health) are significantly less fluent and; students who score lower on reading fluency are more likely to belong to the Education course. This study stresses the importance of the distribution of students by the different areas of studies should not reflect reading fluency asymmetries.
将职业发展与阅读能力联系起来的文献很少。本研究旨在填补这一空白,对大学生的阅读流畅性进行了分析,考虑了更多/不太理想的课程的选择。受欢迎程度是基于大学入学的分类。211名学生参加了这项研究,其中132名是女性,他们在葡萄牙三所公立大学学习了四门课程:机械工程、保健、心理学和教育。使用的工具是社会人口学形式和阅读年龄测试(Test de Idade de Leitura)。结果表明,参加不太理想课程(即教育和卫生)的学生的流利程度明显较低;阅读流畅性得分较低的学生更有可能属于教育课程。本研究强调学生在不同学习领域的分布不应反映阅读流畅性的不对称性。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Implementation Process of the #Tamojunto2.0 Prevention Program in Brazilian Schools #Tamojunto2.0预防方案在巴西学校实施过程的评估
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1982-4327e3220
M. Melo, I. Freitas, Luiza Chagas Brandão, F. Gubert, L. Rebouças, Z. Sanchez
Abstract The #Tamojunto2.0 program (Unplugged) has been evaluated in Brazil in order to support its implementation as a national public policy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation process of the #Tamojunto2.0 school-based program, disseminated by the Ministry of Health, in the prevention of alcohol and other drug use among adolescents. This is a mixed-methods study. The sample consisted of 13 teachers and eight managers of 8th grade classes of elementary education public schools located in two cities, and a training provider professional for the program’s application. Observation, evaluation and semi-structured interview forms were used. Descriptive and thematic analyses were performed. The results indicate low implementation fidelity, good quality in the application of the program, and high student absenteeism. Aspects which facilitate or hinder implementation of the program are also presented. Such results are relevant for the large-scale implementation of #Tamojunto2.0.
#Tamojunto2.0计划(不插电)在巴西进行了评估,以支持其作为国家公共政策的实施。这项研究的目的是评估卫生部传播的#Tamojunto2.0校本方案在青少年中预防酒精和其他药物使用方面的实施过程。这是一项混合方法研究。样本包括位于两个城市的小学公立学校八年级的13名教师和8名管理人员,以及该计划应用的专业培训提供者。采用观察表、评价表和半结构化访谈表。进行了描述性和专题分析。结果表明,该方案的实施保真度较低,应用质量较好,学生缺勤率较高。还介绍了促进或阻碍该计划实施的方面。这些结果与#Tamojunto2.0的大规模实施相关。
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引用次数: 0
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Paideia
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