Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2022.306
E. Kryukova, T. Kornilova
One important part of the problem of medical uncertainty is the psychological profiles of doctors of different specialties, as well as the role of empathy in their activities. This article tests hypotheses about the specificity of the relationship between empathy and attitudes to- wards uncertainty and risk in the personal profile of doctors of different specialties and, in particular, among psychiatrists. Testing the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE), we used: Medical Risk Scale; Budner’s Scale of Tolerance-Intolerance of Ambiguity, Personal decision-making factors (LFR-21), and the Dirty Dozen (DD) to identify the properties of the Dark Triad. The study involved 265 people: 112 doctors (Mage=36.8; SD=8.6), as well as 153 students who were also included in the JSE approbation. Samples of doctors included: 1) 46 psychiatrists in Moscow (Mage=38.4, SD=8.4), of whom 39 are women; 2) 66 doctors of other special- ties (Mage=41.01, SD=12.8), of which 37 are women. Doctors with expressed personal risk- readiness rated average riskiness for transferring a decision to another one lower, but at the same time, the average risk level when postponing a decision was higher. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy in a Russian-speaking sample of doctors showed a similar three-factor structure to the English-speaking sample. Empathy scales are associated with a positive attitude of doctors to uncertainty and risk, also with their risk assessments in medical decisions, and are included in the differentiation of latent profiles (in a sample of psychiatrists).
{"title":"Empathy and attitude to uncertainty and risk-readiness in Russian doctors","authors":"E. Kryukova, T. Kornilova","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.306","url":null,"abstract":"One important part of the problem of medical uncertainty is the psychological profiles of doctors of different specialties, as well as the role of empathy in their activities. This article tests hypotheses about the specificity of the relationship between empathy and attitudes to- wards uncertainty and risk in the personal profile of doctors of different specialties and, in particular, among psychiatrists. Testing the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE), we used: Medical Risk Scale; Budner’s Scale of Tolerance-Intolerance of Ambiguity, Personal decision-making factors (LFR-21), and the Dirty Dozen (DD) to identify the properties of the Dark Triad. The study involved 265 people: 112 doctors (Mage=36.8; SD=8.6), as well as 153 students who were also included in the JSE approbation. Samples of doctors included: 1) 46 psychiatrists in Moscow (Mage=38.4, SD=8.4), of whom 39 are women; 2) 66 doctors of other special- ties (Mage=41.01, SD=12.8), of which 37 are women. Doctors with expressed personal risk- readiness rated average riskiness for transferring a decision to another one lower, but at the same time, the average risk level when postponing a decision was higher. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy in a Russian-speaking sample of doctors showed a similar three-factor structure to the English-speaking sample. Empathy scales are associated with a positive attitude of doctors to uncertainty and risk, also with their risk assessments in medical decisions, and are included in the differentiation of latent profiles (in a sample of psychiatrists).","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134044326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2022.303
K. Karpinski
The article presents the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the psychological factors of refusal from preventive vaccinations against COVID-19 during an active campaign for mass vaccination of the population of Belarus. Among these factors, the individual characteristics of the subjective perception of the likelihood of infection, the severity of the course and consequences of coronavirus infection, as well as the effectiveness and safety of anticovid vaccination were considered; general attitudes in the field of vaccination and health care; and value attitudes towards health and life. The prevalence of the main categories of vaccination behavior — pro- and antivaccinational — was determined in the Belarusian population sample; the peculiarities of the cognitive assessment of COVID-19 and anticovid vaccination inherent in Belarusians, as well as their meaning-related determinants, were revealed; psychological differences between people with different directions of vaccination behavior are revealed; identified psychological predictors of antivaccination behavior. The empirical study was conducted on a representative population sample of residents of the Republic of Belarus (N=582, aged from 18 to 49 years, 178 men and 404 women), using questionnaire methods, as well as standardized personality questionnaires: “Scale of Basic Value”, “Scale of Healthcare Attitudes”, “Scale of Antivaccination Attitudes”. The results of the study indicate that generalized and nonspecific factors prevail in the regulation of the antivaccination behavior of Belarusians in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, which are associated with personal comprehension and cognitive assessment not so much of a new type of coronavirus infection and anti-vaccines offered to the population, but of the national healthcare system in general and vaccination as such. In this case, the leading factors and predictors of anti-vaccination behavior of Belarusians are general negative attitudes — anti-vaccination, anti-drug and anti-bureaucratic attitudes. In the course of the study, psychometrically developed and validated the original Russian-language “Scale of Antivaccination Attitudes”, designed to change the generalized negative-evaluative (skeptical-distrustful) attitude of the subject to vaccines and vaccination in general. The results obtained indicate the compliance of its measuring properties with conventional psychometric standards.
{"title":"Psychological factors of anti-vaccination behavior of Belarusians in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"K. Karpinski","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.303","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the psychological factors of refusal from preventive vaccinations against COVID-19 during an active campaign for mass vaccination of the population of Belarus. Among these factors, the individual characteristics of the subjective perception of the likelihood of infection, the severity of the course and consequences of coronavirus infection, as well as the effectiveness and safety of anticovid vaccination were considered; general attitudes in the field of vaccination and health care; and value attitudes towards health and life. The prevalence of the main categories of vaccination behavior — pro- and antivaccinational — was determined in the Belarusian population sample; the peculiarities of the cognitive assessment of COVID-19 and anticovid vaccination inherent in Belarusians, as well as their meaning-related determinants, were revealed; psychological differences between people with different directions of vaccination behavior are revealed; identified psychological predictors of antivaccination behavior. The empirical study was conducted on a representative population sample of residents of the Republic of Belarus (N=582, aged from 18 to 49 years, 178 men and 404 women), using questionnaire methods, as well as standardized personality questionnaires: “Scale of Basic Value”, “Scale of Healthcare Attitudes”, “Scale of Antivaccination Attitudes”. The results of the study indicate that generalized and nonspecific factors prevail in the regulation of the antivaccination behavior of Belarusians in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, which are associated with personal comprehension and cognitive assessment not so much of a new type of coronavirus infection and anti-vaccines offered to the population, but of the national healthcare system in general and vaccination as such. In this case, the leading factors and predictors of anti-vaccination behavior of Belarusians are general negative attitudes — anti-vaccination, anti-drug and anti-bureaucratic attitudes. In the course of the study, psychometrically developed and validated the original Russian-language “Scale of Antivaccination Attitudes”, designed to change the generalized negative-evaluative (skeptical-distrustful) attitude of the subject to vaccines and vaccination in general. The results obtained indicate the compliance of its measuring properties with conventional psychometric standards.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"542 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124379413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2019.402
Yulia E. Zaitseva
{"title":"“It is not that Adam is becoming smaller, but rather the tree is growing:” methodological notes on the transforming personality in a changing world (based on a peer-review)","authors":"Yulia E. Zaitseva","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2019.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2019.402","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122297935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2019.404
N. Veraksa, Ekaterina Sviridova, D. Turebaev, A. Fominyh
{"title":"Scale for assessing the support of dialectic thinking of children in the educational environment of a preschool institution","authors":"N. Veraksa, Ekaterina Sviridova, D. Turebaev, A. Fominyh","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2019.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2019.404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123081567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2020.105
I. Mironenko, V. Rafikova
Psychology in the USSR was developing in relative isolation from international science. A substantial amount of research done by Soviet psychologists has remained unknown to the international scientific community, this especially concerns work performed since the 1930s. Scientists who worked during the first decades of Soviet rule had received their education in the pre-Soviet period. They knew foreign languages, and, for the most part, studied and completed internships in Europe, particularly in Germany. New generations that grew up under Soviet rule, in accordance with the Iron Curtain policy, were denied the opportunity to participate in international discourse. The development of Russian psychology in the war and post-war period led to the formation of a specific conceptual system, which is still a serious obstacle to the integration of the achievements of Russian science, since it requires not only language translation, but also hermeneutics. Nevertheless, there were original developments, mainly in the area of fundamental research connected with biological sciences, which still can contribute to international psychology. Such is the case with comparative psychology. This article dwells upon the history of research in comparative psychology in Russia; it expounds upon the specific character of the approach rooted in Russian science, and highlights the life and works of a number of prominent representatives of the Soviet school in comparative psychology (Ladygina-Kots, Fabri, Tikh) as well as research in the field executed by Pavlov.
{"title":"Concerning the history of comparative psychology in Russia","authors":"I. Mironenko, V. Rafikova","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2020.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2020.105","url":null,"abstract":"Psychology in the USSR was developing in relative isolation from international science. A substantial amount of research done by Soviet psychologists has remained unknown to the international scientific community, this especially concerns work performed since the 1930s. Scientists who worked during the first decades of Soviet rule had received their education in the pre-Soviet period. They knew foreign languages, and, for the most part, studied and completed internships in Europe, particularly in Germany. New generations that grew up under Soviet rule, in accordance with the Iron Curtain policy, were denied the opportunity to participate in international discourse. The development of Russian psychology in the war and post-war period led to the formation of a specific conceptual system, which is still a serious obstacle to the integration of the achievements of Russian science, since it requires not only language translation, but also hermeneutics. Nevertheless, there were original developments, mainly in the area of fundamental research connected with biological sciences, which still can contribute to international psychology. Such is the case with comparative psychology. This article dwells upon the history of research in comparative psychology in Russia; it expounds upon the specific character of the approach rooted in Russian science, and highlights the life and works of a number of prominent representatives of the Soviet school in comparative psychology (Ladygina-Kots, Fabri, Tikh) as well as research in the field executed by Pavlov.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131624539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/SPBU16.2021.104
D. Makarova
Intellectual performance is influenced by many factors, besides intelligence and cognitive skills, including the type of motivation and metacognitive regulation. The authors of the arti- cle became interested in the question of whether there is a connection between productivity of metacognitive regulation and different types of motivation (extrinsic and intrinsic). Accord- ing to the self-determination theory (SDT), maintaining intrinsic (autonomous) motivation requires satisfying of one’s basic psychological needs. Also, SDT distinguishes the concepts of self-control and self-regulation (a particular case of which is metacognitive regulation) and postulates the existence of a connection between self-regulation and the level of subjective vitality. The aim of the study was to test the following hypothesis: the higher the level of satisfaction of three basic psychological needs and the level of subjective vitality, the higher the level of productivity of metacognitive regulation of intellectual performance. Participants (first-year university students, n = 116, 70 men) completed Russian versions of two questionnaires, created inside the SDT paradigm: “Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale” and “Subjective Vitality Scale”. To assess the productivity of metacognitive regulation of intellectual activity, a new modified version of the questionnaire “Features of intellectual activity” (D.N.Makarova, M.V.Osorina) was used. Multiple regression analysis was performed using SPSS to test the hypothesis. The final model, which explains 31.4 % of the variance of the dependent variable, shows that the higher the level of subjective vitality and the levels of satisfaction of need in autonomy and competence, the higher the level of productivity of metacognitive regulation of intellectual performance. The proposed hypothesis was partly refuted: no relationship was found between the level of satisfaction of the need in relatedness and the level of productivity of metacognitive regulation.
{"title":"Metacognitive regulation, basic psychological needs and subjective vitality of first year university students","authors":"D. Makarova","doi":"10.21638/SPBU16.2021.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU16.2021.104","url":null,"abstract":"Intellectual performance is influenced by many factors, besides intelligence and cognitive skills, including the type of motivation and metacognitive regulation. The authors of the arti- cle became interested in the question of whether there is a connection between productivity of metacognitive regulation and different types of motivation (extrinsic and intrinsic). Accord- ing to the self-determination theory (SDT), maintaining intrinsic (autonomous) motivation requires satisfying of one’s basic psychological needs. Also, SDT distinguishes the concepts of self-control and self-regulation (a particular case of which is metacognitive regulation) and postulates the existence of a connection between self-regulation and the level of subjective vitality. The aim of the study was to test the following hypothesis: the higher the level of satisfaction of three basic psychological needs and the level of subjective vitality, the higher the level of productivity of metacognitive regulation of intellectual performance. Participants (first-year university students, n = 116, 70 men) completed Russian versions of two questionnaires, created inside the SDT paradigm: “Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale” and “Subjective Vitality Scale”. To assess the productivity of metacognitive regulation of intellectual activity, a new modified version of the questionnaire “Features of intellectual activity” (D.N.Makarova, M.V.Osorina) was used. Multiple regression analysis was performed using SPSS to test the hypothesis. The final model, which explains 31.4 % of the variance of the dependent variable, shows that the higher the level of subjective vitality and the levels of satisfaction of need in autonomy and competence, the higher the level of productivity of metacognitive regulation of intellectual performance. The proposed hypothesis was partly refuted: no relationship was found between the level of satisfaction of the need in relatedness and the level of productivity of metacognitive regulation.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128988163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2020.106
Julia Brovkina, T. Bazarov
{"title":"Socio-psychological research of Russian business leaders’ value preferences","authors":"Julia Brovkina, T. Bazarov","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2020.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2020.106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130206381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2022.309
I. Mamaychuk, Y. Milanich
Parents of hospitalized newborns tend to experience more severe psychological distress. Rel- evant to this is the impact on the specific irrational beliefs of mothers for the purpose of improving adaptation to the life situation. It is necessary to study the possibilities of cognitive- behavioral methods of intervention in working with this client category. The objective of this work is to study the dynamics of distress indicators in mothers of newborns with hypoxic affection of the central nervous system (CNS) in the process of the program developed on the basis of rational-emotive behaviour therapy (REBT). The study included 98 mothers of newborns with hypoxic affection of CNS. Based on the results of a semi-structured inter- view, 80 mothers were identified with a dysfunctional type of response to a life situation. The intervention group (N=50) received 8 REBT sessions for three weeks. The main target for psychotherapy was irrational beliefs, which underlie negative emotions and non-constructive ways coping with stress caused by hospitalization and facing information on the condition and developmental prognosis of a newborn. The control group (N=30) received one consul- tation session. To assess the dynamics of distress indicators, the Integrative Anxiety Test and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale were used before and after the program in the intervention group and with an interval of three weeks in the control group. In the intervention group, the indicators of depression, situational anxiety, emotional discomfort and the phobic component of anxiety decreased. In the control group, the indicators of situational anxiety and asthenic component of anxiety decreased. In comparison with the control group, the mothers in the intervention group showed more significant positive changes. The programs developed on the basis of REBT have moderate efficacy in reduction of the distress in mothers of newborns with hypoxic affection of CNS.
{"title":"Analysis of the results of application of the rational-emotive behaviour therapy for mothers of newborns with hypoxic affection of the central nervous system","authors":"I. Mamaychuk, Y. Milanich","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.309","url":null,"abstract":"Parents of hospitalized newborns tend to experience more severe psychological distress. Rel- evant to this is the impact on the specific irrational beliefs of mothers for the purpose of improving adaptation to the life situation. It is necessary to study the possibilities of cognitive- behavioral methods of intervention in working with this client category. The objective of this work is to study the dynamics of distress indicators in mothers of newborns with hypoxic affection of the central nervous system (CNS) in the process of the program developed on the basis of rational-emotive behaviour therapy (REBT). The study included 98 mothers of newborns with hypoxic affection of CNS. Based on the results of a semi-structured inter- view, 80 mothers were identified with a dysfunctional type of response to a life situation. The intervention group (N=50) received 8 REBT sessions for three weeks. The main target for psychotherapy was irrational beliefs, which underlie negative emotions and non-constructive ways coping with stress caused by hospitalization and facing information on the condition and developmental prognosis of a newborn. The control group (N=30) received one consul- tation session. To assess the dynamics of distress indicators, the Integrative Anxiety Test and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale were used before and after the program in the intervention group and with an interval of three weeks in the control group. In the intervention group, the indicators of depression, situational anxiety, emotional discomfort and the phobic component of anxiety decreased. In the control group, the indicators of situational anxiety and asthenic component of anxiety decreased. In comparison with the control group, the mothers in the intervention group showed more significant positive changes. The programs developed on the basis of REBT have moderate efficacy in reduction of the distress in mothers of newborns with hypoxic affection of CNS.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126693196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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