Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2019.405
A. Ulanova
{"title":"The role of theory of mind in the development of humor understanding by children 4–6 years old","authors":"A. Ulanova","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2019.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2019.405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123327339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2019.203
Н. Молчанова, Т. Ю. Соколова
This article aimed at analytic examination of how people with different self-esteem types react to receiving threatening information about the self. We modified K. Mruk’s “Self-esteem meaning matrix” model, which gave an understanding of self-esteem created by the interac-tion of self-worthiness and self-efficacy. According to this modified model, there are five types of self-esteem: positive, medium, negativistic, self-centered and overachieving. Self-threat was modelling by false negative feedback from participants of communication. The study included 231 students (middle age — 20.5 years): 157 respondents in the experimental group (64 male, 92 women), 74 respondents (13 male, 61 women) in the control group. Results of research find specifics of personal reaction depending on self-esteem type: there were differences in cognitive, emotional and evaluative reactions in response to receiving negative feedback. The protective reactions used by respondents in response to the threat of their self-worth are re-vealed. The most vulnerable to negative feedback were those with positive self-esteem: they show the strongest negative emotional reaction and involve a greater number of protective reactions, including denial, depreciation, discrediting the source of feedback, focusing on their positive characteristics. However, these compensatory reactions do not work in full, and their self-esteem is reduced. Respondents with negativistic self-esteem react differently at the emotional and cognitive levels: they do not want negative feedback, but believe it. Their reactions indicate the “fragility” of this type of self-esteem. Individuals with medium and protective types of self-esteem were more resistant to negative feedback. The response to the situation of self-threat by respondents with different types of self-esteem is explained on the basis of the resource model and self-certification model.
{"title":"The role of self-esteem in response to self-threat","authors":"Н. Молчанова, Т. Ю. Соколова","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2019.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2019.203","url":null,"abstract":"This article aimed at analytic examination of how people with different self-esteem types react to receiving threatening information about the self. We modified K. Mruk’s “Self-esteem meaning matrix” model, which gave an understanding of self-esteem created by the interac-tion of self-worthiness and self-efficacy. According to this modified model, there are five types of self-esteem: positive, medium, negativistic, self-centered and overachieving. Self-threat was modelling by false negative feedback from participants of communication. The study included 231 students (middle age — 20.5 years): 157 respondents in the experimental group (64 male, 92 women), 74 respondents (13 male, 61 women) in the control group. Results of research find specifics of personal reaction depending on self-esteem type: there were differences in cognitive, emotional and evaluative reactions in response to receiving negative feedback. The protective reactions used by respondents in response to the threat of their self-worth are re-vealed. The most vulnerable to negative feedback were those with positive self-esteem: they show the strongest negative emotional reaction and involve a greater number of protective reactions, including denial, depreciation, discrediting the source of feedback, focusing on their positive characteristics. However, these compensatory reactions do not work in full, and their self-esteem is reduced. Respondents with negativistic self-esteem react differently at the emotional and cognitive levels: they do not want negative feedback, but believe it. Their reactions indicate the “fragility” of this type of self-esteem. Individuals with medium and protective types of self-esteem were more resistant to negative feedback. The response to the situation of self-threat by respondents with different types of self-esteem is explained on the basis of the resource model and self-certification model.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126397397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2022.203
M. Guseltseva
Modern anthropology is a cycle of disciplines that study a person in culture and are devoted to various aspects of human existence. At the same time, in international discourse, anthropolo- gy is most often understood today as sociocultural anthropologies. However, due to historical and political reasons, neither social, nor cultural, nor psychological anthropology appeared in Russia in the 20th century as institutionalized research directions, and the study of variations in personality development in a variety of cultures took place not so much in psychology as it was scattered in the interdisciplinary space of socio-humanitarian sciences. Today, this situation has not only repeatedly reflected disadvantages, but also less obvious advantages. Spontaneous transdisciplinarity is becoming an important resource in the social sciences, in- cluding psychology. Interacting research fields produce mixed methods and methodologies; cognitive focuses are shifting from traditional subjects of study to mobile research projects; from subject-oriented to problem-oriented research. Personality psychology, sociology of changes, anthropology of our time are included in the intellectual movement, comprehending the issues of how to study a person in a transitive society; how to investigate a personality in change; how to comprehend individuality in the transformations of everyday life, identity in the transformations of the global world. At the same time, responding to current challenges by searching for new approaches and methodologies, psychology, sociology and anthropology are collectively participating in the transformation of the model of cognition. It is suggested that in the current cognitive situation, anthropological discourse can serve as a source of re- newal and critical rethinking of psychological concepts, a space of possibilities in the develop- ment of personality psychology. Materials are presented that confirms this assumption.
{"title":"Personality psychology and anthropological discourse: In search of new approaches","authors":"M. Guseltseva","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.203","url":null,"abstract":"Modern anthropology is a cycle of disciplines that study a person in culture and are devoted to various aspects of human existence. At the same time, in international discourse, anthropolo- gy is most often understood today as sociocultural anthropologies. However, due to historical and political reasons, neither social, nor cultural, nor psychological anthropology appeared in Russia in the 20th century as institutionalized research directions, and the study of variations in personality development in a variety of cultures took place not so much in psychology as it was scattered in the interdisciplinary space of socio-humanitarian sciences. Today, this situation has not only repeatedly reflected disadvantages, but also less obvious advantages. Spontaneous transdisciplinarity is becoming an important resource in the social sciences, in- cluding psychology. Interacting research fields produce mixed methods and methodologies; cognitive focuses are shifting from traditional subjects of study to mobile research projects; from subject-oriented to problem-oriented research. Personality psychology, sociology of changes, anthropology of our time are included in the intellectual movement, comprehending the issues of how to study a person in a transitive society; how to investigate a personality in change; how to comprehend individuality in the transformations of everyday life, identity in the transformations of the global world. At the same time, responding to current challenges by searching for new approaches and methodologies, psychology, sociology and anthropology are collectively participating in the transformation of the model of cognition. It is suggested that in the current cognitive situation, anthropological discourse can serve as a source of re- newal and critical rethinking of psychological concepts, a space of possibilities in the develop- ment of personality psychology. Materials are presented that confirms this assumption.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121455787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2019.406
V. Ababkov, E. Burina, Elena A. Pazaratskas, Sophia V. Kapranova
{"title":"Distress at women: before and after pregnancy","authors":"V. Ababkov, E. Burina, Elena A. Pazaratskas, Sophia V. Kapranova","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2019.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2019.406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122669031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2023.204
А.А. Pankratova, Maria S. Nikolaeva
This paper presents a Russian adaptation of the ProQOL (Professional Quality of Life) scale by Stamm. This questionnaire assesses the positive and negative aspects of professional quality of life in people who work as helpers (compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue). The Russian version of ProQOL was tested on the sample of counseling psychologists (N=304, 84% female) aged from 22 to 66 years (M=39, SD=8) with counselling experience from 1 to 29 years (M=6.9, SD=6.5). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Russian version of ProQOL has a four-factor structure: job satisfaction, occupational satisfaction, secondary trauma, and burnout. Based on the correlations between the primary scales, it is proposed to calculate also the scores on the second-order scales, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. Internal consistency of the primary scales ranges from 0.71 to 0.80, and internal consistency of the second-order scales is equal to 0.85 and 0.80 respectively. Oc- cupational satisfaction correlates negatively with burnout (r=–0.51, p<0.001) and secondary trauma (r=–0.31, p<0.001). Job satisfaction correlates negatively with burnout (r=–0.26, p<0.01) but does not correlate with secondary trauma (r=–0.04). The association between professional effectiveness and professional quality of life in novice counselors (N=54) was also analyzed. It was found that counsellors’ self-efficacy while working with a client’s request correlates positively with their compassion satisfaction (r=0.37, p<0.01) and negatively with their burnout (r=–0.46, p<0.001).
{"title":"Russian adaptation of the ProQOL (Professional Quality of Life) scale by B. Stamm","authors":"А.А. Pankratova, Maria S. Nikolaeva","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.204","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a Russian adaptation of the ProQOL (Professional Quality of Life) scale by Stamm. This questionnaire assesses the positive and negative aspects of professional quality of life in people who work as helpers (compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue). The Russian version of ProQOL was tested on the sample of counseling psychologists (N=304, 84% female) aged from 22 to 66 years (M=39, SD=8) with counselling experience from 1 to 29 years (M=6.9, SD=6.5). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Russian version of ProQOL has a four-factor structure: job satisfaction, occupational satisfaction, secondary trauma, and burnout. Based on the correlations between the primary scales, it is proposed to calculate also the scores on the second-order scales, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. Internal consistency of the primary scales ranges from 0.71 to 0.80, and internal consistency of the second-order scales is equal to 0.85 and 0.80 respectively. Oc- cupational satisfaction correlates negatively with burnout (r=–0.51, p<0.001) and secondary trauma (r=–0.31, p<0.001). Job satisfaction correlates negatively with burnout (r=–0.26, p<0.01) but does not correlate with secondary trauma (r=–0.04). The association between professional effectiveness and professional quality of life in novice counselors (N=54) was also analyzed. It was found that counsellors’ self-efficacy while working with a client’s request correlates positively with their compassion satisfaction (r=0.37, p<0.01) and negatively with their burnout (r=–0.46, p<0.001).","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127649446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2022.202
V. Znakov
This article analyzes the field of science that studies the entire spectrum of phenomena in the psychology of the possible. Why only today did we start talking about a new field of psychology, the psychology of the possible? Its novelty lies in the new emphasis on the possible as unexpected, incredible, and improbable. In the psychology of the possible, at one pole of the understanding of psychologists is the adaptive possible, based on past experience, and on the opposite is the possible as a preadaptive phenomenon (understanding of events that are not causally related to the ontogenesis of the subject). The connecting link between these poles is the idea of the sought-for in human thinking, the prediction of the initially unknown when solving the problem. In the psychological analysis of personality, on the left pole of the “conscious — unconscious” continuum, there are alternative possible selves conscious of the subject and therefore enumerable, on the right — personality as an existential mystery. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the psychology of the possible were analyzed in detail — the philosophy of the possible M. N. Epstein, the historical and evolutionary concept of preadaptation to uncertainty by A. G. Asmolov with colleagues, scientific ideas about the uncertainty of the human world. The concept of possible thinking, which analyzes different options and alternatives of the possible, is disclosed and substantiated in detail. At the end of the report three large groups of phenomena in the psychology of the possible are analyzed: the phenomena traditionally studied in psychology that relate to the possible (affordances, anticipation, and others), the phenomena of the sought-for, and the understanding of the possible as a preadaptive phenomenon that characterizes unstable situations, the occurrence of which cannot be predicted.
本文分析了科学领域中研究心理学现象的全谱可能性。为什么今天我们才开始讨论心理学的一个新领域，可能性心理学?它的新奇之处在于它重新强调了可能是意想不到的、难以置信的和不可能的。在可能性的心理学中，心理学家理解的一端是基于过去经验的适应性可能性，另一端是作为预适应现象的可能性(对与主体个体发生没有因果关系的事件的理解)。这两个极点之间的连接纽带是人类思维中所寻求的理念，即在解决问题时对最初未知的预测。在人格的心理分析中，在“意识-无意识”连续体的左极，存在着主体意识到的其他可能的自我，因此是可枚举的;在右极，人格是一种存在的奥秘。详细分析了可能性心理学的理论和方法基础——可能性的哲学，A. G. Asmolov及其同事对不确定性的预适应的历史和进化概念，关于人类世界不确定性的科学思想。可能性思维的概念分析了可能性的不同选择和替代方案，并得到了详细的揭示和证实。在报告的最后，分析了心理学中三大类可能性现象:传统上在心理学中研究的与可能性有关的现象(启示、预期和其他)，寻求的现象，以及将可能性理解为一种预适应现象，这种现象表征了不稳定的情况，其发生无法预测。
{"title":"Theoretical foundations of the psychology of the possible","authors":"V. Znakov","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.202","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the field of science that studies the entire spectrum of phenomena in the psychology of the possible. Why only today did we start talking about a new field of psychology, the psychology of the possible? Its novelty lies in the new emphasis on the possible as unexpected, incredible, and improbable. In the psychology of the possible, at one pole of the understanding of psychologists is the adaptive possible, based on past experience, and on the opposite is the possible as a preadaptive phenomenon (understanding of events that are not causally related to the ontogenesis of the subject). The connecting link between these poles is the idea of the sought-for in human thinking, the prediction of the initially unknown when solving the problem. In the psychological analysis of personality, on the left pole of the “conscious — unconscious” continuum, there are alternative possible selves conscious of the subject and therefore enumerable, on the right — personality as an existential mystery. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the psychology of the possible were analyzed in detail — the philosophy of the possible M. N. Epstein, the historical and evolutionary concept of preadaptation to uncertainty by A. G. Asmolov with colleagues, scientific ideas about the uncertainty of the human world. The concept of possible thinking, which analyzes different options and alternatives of the possible, is disclosed and substantiated in detail. At the end of the report three large groups of phenomena in the psychology of the possible are analyzed: the phenomena traditionally studied in psychology that relate to the possible (affordances, anticipation, and others), the phenomena of the sought-for, and the understanding of the possible as a preadaptive phenomenon that characterizes unstable situations, the occurrence of which cannot be predicted.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"686 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132584418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2021.401
T. Martsinkovskaya
The article considers various aspects of urban everyday life, its role in the development of motivation and individualization of human life strategies. The concept of urban capital is introduced and its forms, which positively and negatively affect the formation of the features of urban everyday life, are revealed. The levels of urban capital, which allow to explore the individual style of urban socialization are highlighted. Furthermore, the relationship between urban identity and the internal form of the city chronotope is analyzed. It is shown that common to all variants of human positioning in the city space is the identification or attitude to various aspects of urban capital — localization, city status, social and ecological environment. It is proved that the main difference between these concepts is in the focusing of urban identity (as well as in a sharper form of urban capital) on the external parameters of the city environment, while the internal form of the urban chronotope emphasizes the inner feeling of a person, his own experience in certain places and time in a particular cityscape. This difference indicates the role of the personal chronotope, its internal form in the self-development and self-realization of a person and the connection with existence, intentionality of the personality. The similarity of the concepts of individual chronotope and small chronotope is shown; their influence on the development of the plot (in literature) and the structuring of the human world (in psychology) is analyzed. The relationship between individual parameters of the internal form of a personal chronotope as well as places and times in a small chronotope in their role in restructuring the large chronotope of a city into the human world is examined.
{"title":"Urban capital and the chronotope of the city: A new look at urban everyday life","authors":"T. Martsinkovskaya","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2021.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2021.401","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers various aspects of urban everyday life, its role in the development of motivation and individualization of human life strategies. The concept of urban capital is introduced and its forms, which positively and negatively affect the formation of the features of urban everyday life, are revealed. The levels of urban capital, which allow to explore the individual style of urban socialization are highlighted. Furthermore, the relationship between urban identity and the internal form of the city chronotope is analyzed. It is shown that common to all variants of human positioning in the city space is the identification or attitude to various aspects of urban capital — localization, city status, social and ecological environment. It is proved that the main difference between these concepts is in the focusing of urban identity (as well as in a sharper form of urban capital) on the external parameters of the city environment, while the internal form of the urban chronotope emphasizes the inner feeling of a person, his own experience in certain places and time in a particular cityscape. This difference indicates the role of the personal chronotope, its internal form in the self-development and self-realization of a person and the connection with existence, intentionality of the personality. The similarity of the concepts of individual chronotope and small chronotope is shown; their influence on the development of the plot (in literature) and the structuring of the human world (in psychology) is analyzed. The relationship between individual parameters of the internal form of a personal chronotope as well as places and times in a small chronotope in their role in restructuring the large chronotope of a city into the human world is examined.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124656990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2023.101
T. Martsinkovskaya, D. Khoroshilov
The results of theoretical and empirical research of the phenomenology and mechanisms of social cognition in the conditions of fluid modernity, social uncertainty and transitivity are summarized in this article. The starting point is the position of the scientific school of G. M. Andreeva, according to which social cognition is considered as an affective and cognitive process of constructing the image of the social world in the individual and public consciousness. A new transdisciplinary concept of social cognition, which integrates the principles of psychology of cultural activity and social constructionism, as well as theories of social representations and collective emotional experiences is presented. The new research direction that greatly expands the subject area of psychological investigation of social cognition — the social psychology of everyday life is verified. It is everyday life that acts as the optics of the analysis of subjective perception and emotional experience of social changes as a situation of uncertainty in various spheres of everyday life of society and culture (from new media to contemporary art). The proposed and implemented aesthetic paradigm in the social psychology of everyday life combines two ways of understanding, explaining and predicting social changes: scientific-conceptual and artistic-figurative (or visual). Thus, the aesthetic paradigm synthesizes the scientific and aesthetic discourses of psychology and art history. In this regard, it is a flexible methodological strategy that opens up the prospects for a multidimensional analysis of modern society and culture that cannot be conceptualized in traditional categories of social cognition (for example, mental models, categorization, causal attribution). On the basis of the aesthetic paradigm of everyday life, a new construct of precarity is introduced for domestic psychology, which means individual and collective emotion experience of total vulnerability, fragility and insecurity of a person in a situation of uncertainty. This construct makes it possible to analyze the affective states that characterize the mass consciousness of modern society. At the same time, specific instruments for studying the emotional experience of social change, including precarity, are qualitative methods for collecting, analyzing and interpreting data, which today unites in a sole methodological approach to the study of social cognition.
{"title":"The psychology of social cognition: Prospects for development in a changing society","authors":"T. Martsinkovskaya, D. Khoroshilov","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.101","url":null,"abstract":"The results of theoretical and empirical research of the phenomenology and mechanisms of social cognition in the conditions of fluid modernity, social uncertainty and transitivity are summarized in this article. The starting point is the position of the scientific school of G. M. Andreeva, according to which social cognition is considered as an affective and cognitive process of constructing the image of the social world in the individual and public consciousness. A new transdisciplinary concept of social cognition, which integrates the principles of psychology of cultural activity and social constructionism, as well as theories of social representations and collective emotional experiences is presented. The new research direction that greatly expands the subject area of psychological investigation of social cognition — the social psychology of everyday life is verified. It is everyday life that acts as the optics of the analysis of subjective perception and emotional experience of social changes as a situation of uncertainty in various spheres of everyday life of society and culture (from new media to contemporary art). The proposed and implemented aesthetic paradigm in the social psychology of everyday life combines two ways of understanding, explaining and predicting social changes: scientific-conceptual and artistic-figurative (or visual). Thus, the aesthetic paradigm synthesizes the scientific and aesthetic discourses of psychology and art history. In this regard, it is a flexible methodological strategy that opens up the prospects for a multidimensional analysis of modern society and culture that cannot be conceptualized in traditional categories of social cognition (for example, mental models, categorization, causal attribution). On the basis of the aesthetic paradigm of everyday life, a new construct of precarity is introduced for domestic psychology, which means individual and collective emotion experience of total vulnerability, fragility and insecurity of a person in a situation of uncertainty. This construct makes it possible to analyze the affective states that characterize the mass consciousness of modern society. At the same time, specific instruments for studying the emotional experience of social change, including precarity, are qualitative methods for collecting, analyzing and interpreting data, which today unites in a sole methodological approach to the study of social cognition.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129829141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu16.2019.106
Российская Федерация
In this work results of the investigation directed on exploring specific patterns of social interaction understanding in depressive patients are presented. The comparison of cognitive activity between depressed individuals (N = 25) and healthy individuals (N = 28) took place. The experimental sample included persons with normal intelligence, depressive symptoms and the absence of a psychotic state. All recipients were matched by sex and education level. By means of contactless eye-movement registration system (Eye Tracking Technology), an eye movements activity of both samples during the watching of short films with social interaction scenes was measured. Besides, verbal responses about a plot of the viewed video were estimat-ed. It revealed that patients show disturbances in the social interaction understanding during the visual perception of social scenes. It was manifested in different from healthy sample eye movement schemata and incomplete and distorted verbal responses about characters behav-ior in communicative situations. Based on these results the model of social perception was built. It detects three main cognitive processes during the perception of social situations: communicative scripts recognition, perception coordination with characters of social situation, construction of further actions forecast. For the first time, psychological mechanisms that cause the disturbances of social situations understanding in depressive patients were detected and described. We suppose they do not coordinate their perception with personages of social situations and as a result, do not build adequate forecasts of their further actions. The reasons of this phenomenon still should be investigated, however even at this point these specific features of depressive patients cognitive activity allow to develop new diagnostic instruments and strategies of psychological intervention.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu16.2022.404
Y. Sipovskaya
Educational activity is accompanied by dramatic qualitative changes in the structure of human consciousness associated with the search, acquisition and assimilation of new information, its use to increase the productivity of one’s activities in various fields. Such dramatic changes are accompanied by stress and, accordingly, the formation and development of methods for overcoming it, coping, aimed at reducing the negative consequences of difficult life situations, their resolution or avoidance. The subject of the research are common factors underlying coping strategies of a complex object — school performance in older adolescents (158 older adolescents aged 15–17 years with different levels of academic achievement). The study used data of the student’s electronic diary and questionnaire “Methods of coping behavior”. According to the results of the Wilcoxon criterion, the choice of coping behavior strategy in older adolescence is not determined by the gender or age of the subject of activity. A similar situation was obtained with respect to academic performance indicators. The explanation of the lack of influence of gender and age on academic performance can be explained by the cumulative score on this very “school intellectual success”, which levels the differences between individual subgroups in individual subjects. The results of factor analysis indicate groups (styles) of coping strategies based on their “passivity”, and at the same time — “emotionality” and “activity”, coupled with a preference for rationality with elements of meta-analytical abilities, their social/individualistic and problematic oriented focus. Moreover, cognitive abilities are interrelated with problem-oriented coping strategies
{"title":"Coping factors underlying academic achievement in senior adolescence","authors":"Y. Sipovskaya","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.404","url":null,"abstract":"Educational activity is accompanied by dramatic qualitative changes in the structure of human consciousness associated with the search, acquisition and assimilation of new information, its use to increase the productivity of one’s activities in various fields. Such dramatic changes are accompanied by stress and, accordingly, the formation and development of methods for overcoming it, coping, aimed at reducing the negative consequences of difficult life situations, their resolution or avoidance. The subject of the research are common factors underlying coping strategies of a complex object — school performance in older adolescents (158 older adolescents aged 15–17 years with different levels of academic achievement). The study used data of the student’s electronic diary and questionnaire “Methods of coping behavior”. According to the results of the Wilcoxon criterion, the choice of coping behavior strategy in older adolescence is not determined by the gender or age of the subject of activity. A similar situation was obtained with respect to academic performance indicators. The explanation of the lack of influence of gender and age on academic performance can be explained by the cumulative score on this very “school intellectual success”, which levels the differences between individual subgroups in individual subjects. The results of factor analysis indicate groups (styles) of coping strategies based on their “passivity”, and at the same time — “emotionality” and “activity”, coupled with a preference for rationality with elements of meta-analytical abilities, their social/individualistic and problematic oriented focus. Moreover, cognitive abilities are interrelated with problem-oriented coping strategies","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"155 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128682238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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