Katsumi Sato, Iwahito Takahashi, Seiji Hosaka, H. Morita
Products labeled as “flushable” have been manufactured and sold in Japan, Europe, and the United States, and they have rapidly become popular due to their convenience of use. These products have two international standards: one was established by the international sewage authorities, and the other was established by the organizations of European and American manufacturers. However, these standards have not yet been applied in Japan, and work is still in progress. This study, while considering the problem of the arrangement for international standardization, verified the disintegration of products according to international sewage authoritiesʼ standards（IWSFG PAS(cid:9875)）and Japanese toilet paper standards（JIS P (cid:9876)(cid:9877)(cid:9872)(cid:9873)）and evaluated the products using the two test methods. As a result, flushable products ranged from “disintegrates like toilet paper” to “does not disintegrate at all”. In situations where domestic standards have not been established, there is some rationality in substituting JIS P (cid:9876)(cid:9877)(cid:9872)(cid:9873). It was also confirmed that IWSFG PAS(cid:9875) is a safer test method for the maintenance of sewerage facilities.
在日本、欧洲和美国，已经生产和销售了标有“可冲洗”的产品，由于使用方便，它们迅速流行起来。这些产品有两个国际标准:一个是由国际污水主管部门制定的，另一个是由欧美制造商组织制定的。然而，这些标准尚未在日本应用，工作仍在进行中。本研究在考虑国际标准化安排问题的同时，根据国际污水主管部门的标准(IWSFG PAS(cid:9875))和日本卫生纸标准(JIS P (cid:9876)(cid:9877)(cid:9872)(cid:9873))对产品进行了分解验证，并采用两种测试方法对产品进行了评价。因此，可冲水产品从“像卫生纸一样分解”到“根本不会分解”不等。在国内标准尚未制定的情况下，用JIS P (cid:9876)(cid:9877)(cid:9872)(cid:9873)代替JIS P (cid:9876)也有一定的合理性。还证实了IWSFG PAS(cid:9875)是污水设施维护的一种更安全的测试方法。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Disintegration Properties of Flushable Products","authors":"Katsumi Sato, Iwahito Takahashi, Seiji Hosaka, H. Morita","doi":"10.5956/jriet.49.6_326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5956/jriet.49.6_326","url":null,"abstract":"Products labeled as “flushable” have been manufactured and sold in Japan, Europe, and the United States, and they have rapidly become popular due to their convenience of use. These products have two international standards: one was established by the international sewage authorities, and the other was established by the organizations of European and American manufacturers. However, these standards have not yet been applied in Japan, and work is still in progress. This study, while considering the problem of the arrangement for international standardization, verified the disintegration of products according to international sewage authoritiesʼ standards（IWSFG PAS(cid:9875)）and Japanese toilet paper standards（JIS P (cid:9876)(cid:9877)(cid:9872)(cid:9873)）and evaluated the products using the two test methods. As a result, flushable products ranged from “disintegrates like toilet paper” to “does not disintegrate at all”. In situations where domestic standards have not been established, there is some rationality in substituting JIS P (cid:9876)(cid:9877)(cid:9872)(cid:9873). It was also confirmed that IWSFG PAS(cid:9875) is a safer test method for the maintenance of sewerage facilities.","PeriodicalId":388884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental conservation engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133591978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plastic Market Trends: The Benefits and Negative Heritage","authors":"Hiroki Takano","doi":"10.5956/jriet.49.6_316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5956/jriet.49.6_316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental conservation engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133657338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contamination of Microplastics in the Sediment and Bivalves in the Riverside Pools（“wando”）along the Yodo River","authors":"N. Aiko, Mio Kondo, Y. Kondo, Shuhei Tanaka","doi":"10.5956/jriet.49.6_311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5956/jriet.49.6_311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental conservation engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115189156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Itoh, Norifumi Yoshida, Shogo Taguchi, Takuji Yamamoto, K. Maeda
Liquid circulation flow rate driven by a high-speed air injection type aerator for wastewater treatment was evaluated using an airlift pump model. First, the evaluation for the small airlift pump experiment was conducted. By including the pressure loss at the inlet part in the momentum balance equation, the prediction error of the liquid flow rate was reduced from (cid:9874)(cid:9874)％ to (cid:9877)％. For the aerator experiment, the prediction error of the liquid flow rate was less than (cid:9875)(cid:9877)％ after considering the pressure loss at the obstacle and outlet. The efficiency of the aerator decreased with increasing airflow rate. The maximum efficiency was (cid:9872)．(cid:9880)(cid:9875) for the present experiment.
{"title":"Evaluation of Water Flow Rate Induced by an Aerator for Wastewater Treatment","authors":"K. Itoh, Norifumi Yoshida, Shogo Taguchi, Takuji Yamamoto, K. Maeda","doi":"10.5956/JRIET.49.5_268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5956/JRIET.49.5_268","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid circulation flow rate driven by a high-speed air injection type aerator for wastewater treatment was evaluated using an airlift pump model. First, the evaluation for the small airlift pump experiment was conducted. By including the pressure loss at the inlet part in the momentum balance equation, the prediction error of the liquid flow rate was reduced from (cid:9874)(cid:9874)％ to (cid:9877)％. For the aerator experiment, the prediction error of the liquid flow rate was less than (cid:9875)(cid:9877)％ after considering the pressure loss at the obstacle and outlet. The efficiency of the aerator decreased with increasing airflow rate. The maximum efficiency was (cid:9872)．(cid:9880)(cid:9875) for the present experiment.","PeriodicalId":388884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental conservation engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131351631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Winkler method for dissolved oxygen（DO）determination was expressed by four half-cell reactions whose electrode potentials defined by Nernst equation were calculated from the standard Gibbs free energy of formation. The virtual electron transfer from the lower electrode to the higher one visualized the direction of the redox reaction. pH change reversed the high-low relationship between DO and Mn electrodes; hence, the oxidation of Mn by DO occurs only in basic conditions. Some important points in analytical procedures and stability of reagents were discussed from the viewpoints of electrochemistry.
{"title":"Electrochemical Study on Reaction Direction in the Winkler Method for Dissolved Oxygen Determination","authors":"N. Watanabe","doi":"10.5956/JRIET.49.5_275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5956/JRIET.49.5_275","url":null,"abstract":"The Winkler method for dissolved oxygen（DO）determination was expressed by four half-cell reactions whose electrode potentials defined by Nernst equation were calculated from the standard Gibbs free energy of formation. The virtual electron transfer from the lower electrode to the higher one visualized the direction of the redox reaction. pH change reversed the high-low relationship between DO and Mn electrodes; hence, the oxidation of Mn by DO occurs only in basic conditions. Some important points in analytical procedures and stability of reagents were discussed from the viewpoints of electrochemistry.","PeriodicalId":388884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental conservation engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127814585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Optimal Operation Management System for Waste to Energy Plant Using AI/ICT","authors":"Mamoru Kondo","doi":"10.5956/jriet.49.4_200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5956/jriet.49.4_200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental conservation engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122242358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Realization of a “Stand-Alone Incineration Plant” Utilizing AI and IoT Technologies","authors":"Shuichi Tomioka","doi":"10.5956/jriet.49.4_195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5956/jriet.49.4_195","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental conservation engineering","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123691436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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