Kwang-Duck Park, Ye Jin, Woohyun Kim, Suk Kim, Hu-Jang Lee
This study investigated dexamethasone (DXM) residues in the milk from intramuscularly dosed dairy cows and established the withdrawal time (WT) of DXM in milk. Eighteen healthy Holstein cows were injected with 20 (DXM-1) or 40 mL (DXM-2) of a drug containing 1 mg/mL of DXM. After administering DXM, milk samples were collected from all cows at 12-hour intervals for five days. The DXM residue concentrations in milk were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. The correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.9966, and the limits of detection and quantification (LOQ) were 0.03 and 0.1 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries were 97.0% to 104.0%, and the coefficient of variations was less than 7.22%. After treatment, DXM in DXM-1 was detected above the LOQ in two milk samples at 36 hours and below the LOQ in all milk samples of DXM-2 at 48 hours. Using the WT calculation program WT 1.4, the withdrawal periods of DXM-1 and DXM-2 in milk were established to be two days. In conclusion, the developed analytical method is sensitive and reliable for detecting DXM in milk. The estimated WT of DXM in bovine milk is shorter than the current milk WT recommendation of three days for DXM in lactating dairy cows.
{"title":"Establishment of withdrawal time and analysis of dexamethasone residue in milk of intramuscularly dosed cows","authors":"Kwang-Duck Park, Ye Jin, Woohyun Kim, Suk Kim, Hu-Jang Lee","doi":"10.14405/kjvr.20220012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.20220012","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated dexamethasone (DXM) residues in the milk from intramuscularly dosed dairy cows and established the withdrawal time (WT) of DXM in milk. Eighteen healthy Holstein cows were injected with 20 (DXM-1) or 40 mL (DXM-2) of a drug containing 1 mg/mL of DXM. After administering DXM, milk samples were collected from all cows at 12-hour intervals for five days. The DXM residue concentrations in milk were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. The correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.9966, and the limits of detection and quantification (LOQ) were 0.03 and 0.1 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries were 97.0% to 104.0%, and the coefficient of variations was less than 7.22%. After treatment, DXM in DXM-1 was detected above the LOQ in two milk samples at 36 hours and below the LOQ in all milk samples of DXM-2 at 48 hours. Using the WT calculation program WT 1.4, the withdrawal periods of DXM-1 and DXM-2 in milk were established to be two days. In conclusion, the developed analytical method is sensitive and reliable for detecting DXM in milk. The estimated WT of DXM in bovine milk is shorter than the current milk WT recommendation of three days for DXM in lactating dairy cows.","PeriodicalId":38891,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44871741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang-Hwan Moon, Je-Hun Lee, Y. Jeong, Younghang Kwon, Haebum Lee, Daehyun Kim, S. Jeong
A 16-year-old, 7.4 kg, castrated male Cocker Spaniel presenting anorexia and weight loss was referred due to a splenic mass, and total splenectomy was performed to resolve clinical signs. Following surgery, the dog developed mild hyperkalemia (6.27 mmol/L) without any clinical symptoms. Further investigations were conducted to determine the cause of hyperkalemia. The serum-plasma potassium difference was measured (1.05 mmol/L), and pseudohyperkalemia was diagnosed. The cause of pseudohyperkalemia was considered as thrombocytosis after splenectomy. The dog did not receive any specific treatment to lower blood potassium. To our knowledge, we report the first case of post-splenectomy pseudohyperkalemia in a dog.
{"title":"Pseudohyperkalemia after total splenectomy in a dog: a case report","authors":"Chang-Hwan Moon, Je-Hun Lee, Y. Jeong, Younghang Kwon, Haebum Lee, Daehyun Kim, S. Jeong","doi":"10.14405/kjvr.20210051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.20210051","url":null,"abstract":"A 16-year-old, 7.4 kg, castrated male Cocker Spaniel presenting anorexia and weight loss was referred due to a splenic mass, and total splenectomy was performed to resolve clinical signs. Following surgery, the dog developed mild hyperkalemia (6.27 mmol/L) without any clinical symptoms. Further investigations were conducted to determine the cause of hyperkalemia. The serum-plasma potassium difference was measured (1.05 mmol/L), and pseudohyperkalemia was diagnosed. The cause of pseudohyperkalemia was considered as thrombocytosis after splenectomy. The dog did not receive any specific treatment to lower blood potassium. To our knowledge, we report the first case of post-splenectomy pseudohyperkalemia in a dog.","PeriodicalId":38891,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48506904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ah-Won Sung, Juyeong Kim, Youngwon Lee, Hojung Choi
The physical examination abdominal distension tachypnea. vital signs, temperature complete Abstract A 12-year-old castrated male Persian cat presented with abdominal distension and anorexia. The radiography revealed ascites, pleural effusion, and a cranioventral mediastinal mass. Ultrasonography showed a well-defined mass lesion within a thickened ileal segment with a transmural loss of layering and multiple hyperechoic nodules arising from the peritoneum. Computed tomography showed peritoneal thickening with contrast enhancement, a bulky heterogeneous ileal mass, and mesenteric involvement with diffuse nodules. An alimentary lymphoma was confirmed by fine needle aspiration of the small intestinal mass. This report describes the imaging features of lymphoma with peritoneal lymphomatosis in a cat.
{"title":"Computed tomographic findings of peritoneal lymphomatosis in a cat: a case report","authors":"Ah-Won Sung, Juyeong Kim, Youngwon Lee, Hojung Choi","doi":"10.14405/kjvr.20220005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.20220005","url":null,"abstract":"The physical examination abdominal distension tachypnea. vital signs, temperature complete Abstract A 12-year-old castrated male Persian cat presented with abdominal distension and anorexia. The radiography revealed ascites, pleural effusion, and a cranioventral mediastinal mass. Ultrasonography showed a well-defined mass lesion within a thickened ileal segment with a transmural loss of layering and multiple hyperechoic nodules arising from the peritoneum. Computed tomography showed peritoneal thickening with contrast enhancement, a bulky heterogeneous ileal mass, and mesenteric involvement with diffuse nodules. An alimentary lymphoma was confirmed by fine needle aspiration of the small intestinal mass. This report describes the imaging features of lymphoma with peritoneal lymphomatosis in a cat.","PeriodicalId":38891,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48619277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang-Hwan Moon, Daehyun Kim, S. Yun, Hae-Beom Lee, S. Jeong
Canine mammary gland tumors are the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs. Approximately half of all mammary tumors are malignant, and there is a risk of metastasis, which is associated with a poor prognosis. This study is to evaluate the prognostic factors of canine mammary gland tumors and the risk factors associated with the development of malignant tumors. From 2014 to 2020, 60 dogs with mammary gland tumors that underwent surgical treatment were evaluated in this retrospective study. Tumor size, TNM stage, and histopathological results were prognostic factors for 2-year survival after surgery. Every 10 mm increase in tumor size, increased the risk of death within 2 years after surgery 1.213 times. Dogs with TNM stage IV or V had 8.677 fold risk of death within 2 years after surgery. The 2-year survival rate for dogs with benign tumors was 90.2% and for malignant tumors was 67.3%. Tumor size is the most important prognostic factor for canine mammary gland tumors. As tumor size increased by 10 mm, the risk for development of malignant tumors increased by 1.487 times. Tumors larger than 30 mm are highly likely to be malignant, and metastatic evaluation and wide resection should be considered.
{"title":"Assessment of prognostic factors in dogs with mammary gland tumors: 60 cases (2014-2020)","authors":"Chang-Hwan Moon, Daehyun Kim, S. Yun, Hae-Beom Lee, S. Jeong","doi":"10.14405/kjvr.20210046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.20210046","url":null,"abstract":"Canine mammary gland tumors are the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs. Approximately half of all mammary tumors are malignant, and there is a risk of metastasis, which is associated with a poor prognosis. This study is to evaluate the prognostic factors of canine mammary gland tumors and the risk factors associated with the development of malignant tumors. From 2014 to 2020, 60 dogs with mammary gland tumors that underwent surgical treatment were evaluated in this retrospective study. Tumor size, TNM stage, and histopathological results were prognostic factors for 2-year survival after surgery. Every 10 mm increase in tumor size, increased the risk of death within 2 years after surgery 1.213 times. Dogs with TNM stage IV or V had 8.677 fold risk of death within 2 years after surgery. The 2-year survival rate for dogs with benign tumors was 90.2% and for malignant tumors was 67.3%. Tumor size is the most important prognostic factor for canine mammary gland tumors. As tumor size increased by 10 mm, the risk for development of malignant tumors increased by 1.487 times. Tumors larger than 30 mm are highly likely to be malignant, and metastatic evaluation and wide resection should be considered.","PeriodicalId":38891,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44333652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 7-year-old Scottish Straight cat presented with hypersalivation and generalized hyperesthesia. The cat was provided tuna-based food for 2 to 3 weeks before clinical symptoms appeared. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a heterogeneous, hyperechoic mesentery with hypoechoic foci. Pansteatitis was tentatively diagnosed and the cat was treated with vitamin E, anti-inflammatory drugs, and dietary changes. The clinical signs and changes in mesenteric fat on serial ultrasonography resolved. After feeding tuna-based food again, the same clinical signs and mesenteric changes on ultrasound recurred, which recovered through the same treatment. This study suggests that ultrasonography can be useful for diagnosis and monitoring of feline pansteatitis.
{"title":"Tentative diagnosis and monitoring using ultrasound in a cat with pansteatitis: a case report","authors":"H. Kang, D. Noh, Sang-Kwon Lee, K. Lee","doi":"10.14405/kjvr.20210048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.20210048","url":null,"abstract":"A 7-year-old Scottish Straight cat presented with hypersalivation and generalized hyperesthesia. The cat was provided tuna-based food for 2 to 3 weeks before clinical symptoms appeared. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a heterogeneous, hyperechoic mesentery with hypoechoic foci. Pansteatitis was tentatively diagnosed and the cat was treated with vitamin E, anti-inflammatory drugs, and dietary changes. The clinical signs and changes in mesenteric fat on serial ultrasonography resolved. After feeding tuna-based food again, the same clinical signs and mesenteric changes on ultrasound recurred, which recovered through the same treatment. This study suggests that ultrasonography can be useful for diagnosis and monitoring of feline pansteatitis.","PeriodicalId":38891,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49369735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong-Kun Yang, Yu-Ri Park, Yeseul Park, Sungjun An, Sung-Suk Choi, Jungwon Park, B. Hyun
Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) causes fatal leukopenia and severe hemorrhagic diarrhea in cats. Although FPV isolates have been reported worldwide from several animals, the biological and genetic features of South Korean FPVs remain unclear. We characterized molecularly South Korean FPV isolates. Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells were used to isolate FPV from 60 organ homogenates. The isolates were confirmed to be FPVs via analyses of cytopathic effects, immunofluorescence studies, electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction. Viral genetic analyses used the full VP2 sequences. Eight isolates propagated in CRFK cells were confirmed to be FPVs. All isolates yielded viral titers ranging from 10 to 10 TCID50/ mL 5 days after inoculation into CRFK cells and exhibited hemagglutination titers ranging from 2 to 2 (using pig erythrocytes). The Korean FPV isolates grew well in cat cells such as CRFK and Fcwf-4 cells. The FPV isolates were most similar to the KS42 strain isolated from a Korean cat in 2008. The FPV isolates will serve as useful antigens in future sero-epidemiological studies and will aid in the development of diagnostic tools.
{"title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of feline panleukopenia viruses from Korean cats","authors":"Dong-Kun Yang, Yu-Ri Park, Yeseul Park, Sungjun An, Sung-Suk Choi, Jungwon Park, B. Hyun","doi":"10.14405/kjvr.20210050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.20210050","url":null,"abstract":"Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) causes fatal leukopenia and severe hemorrhagic diarrhea in cats. Although FPV isolates have been reported worldwide from several animals, the biological and genetic features of South Korean FPVs remain unclear. We characterized molecularly South Korean FPV isolates. Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells were used to isolate FPV from 60 organ homogenates. The isolates were confirmed to be FPVs via analyses of cytopathic effects, immunofluorescence studies, electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction. Viral genetic analyses used the full VP2 sequences. Eight isolates propagated in CRFK cells were confirmed to be FPVs. All isolates yielded viral titers ranging from 10 to 10 TCID50/ mL 5 days after inoculation into CRFK cells and exhibited hemagglutination titers ranging from 2 to 2 (using pig erythrocytes). The Korean FPV isolates grew well in cat cells such as CRFK and Fcwf-4 cells. The FPV isolates were most similar to the KS42 strain isolated from a Korean cat in 2008. The FPV isolates will serve as useful antigens in future sero-epidemiological studies and will aid in the development of diagnostic tools.","PeriodicalId":38891,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48642233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.14405/kjvr.2021.61.e38
Min-Jae Kim, Ye-Jin Kang, Dong-Eon Lee, Suk Kim, Seonung Lim, Hu-Jang Lee
This study examined the anti-diabetic effects of aqueous extracts of Dendropanax morbifera leaves (DMWEs) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Thirty male SD rats (body weight [BW], 250.4 ± 19.7 g) were divided into the following six groups: normal control rats (NC), diabetic control rats (DC), diabetic rats treated with metformin HCl 100 mg/kg BW (DT), diabetic rats treated with DMWEs 50 mg/kg BW (DM-50), diabetic rats treated with DMWEs 100 mg/kg BW (DM-100), and diabetic rats treated with DMWEs 200 mg/kg BW (DM-200). From two weeks of administration of DMWEs, the BW of all groups treated with DMWEs increased significantly compared to DC (p < 0.05). At four weeks after treatment, the blood glucose levels in DT, DM-100, and DM-200 decreased below 200 mg/dL, while the glycated hemoglobin concentrations in all groups administered DMWEs were similar to those of NC and DT. Regarding the blood biochemical parameters, the levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine in DM-100 and DM-200 were similar to those in NC and DT. Overall, these results highlight the effectiveness of DM-100 in the treatment of diabetes.
{"title":"Anti-diabetic effects of aqueous extract of Dendropanax morbifera Lev. leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats","authors":"Min-Jae Kim, Ye-Jin Kang, Dong-Eon Lee, Suk Kim, Seonung Lim, Hu-Jang Lee","doi":"10.14405/kjvr.2021.61.e38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.2021.61.e38","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the anti-diabetic effects of aqueous extracts of Dendropanax morbifera leaves (DMWEs) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Thirty male SD rats (body weight [BW], 250.4 ± 19.7 g) were divided into the following six groups: normal control rats (NC), diabetic control rats (DC), diabetic rats treated with metformin HCl 100 mg/kg BW (DT), diabetic rats treated with DMWEs 50 mg/kg BW (DM-50), diabetic rats treated with DMWEs 100 mg/kg BW (DM-100), and diabetic rats treated with DMWEs 200 mg/kg BW (DM-200). From two weeks of administration of DMWEs, the BW of all groups treated with DMWEs increased significantly compared to DC (p < 0.05). At four weeks after treatment, the blood glucose levels in DT, DM-100, and DM-200 decreased below 200 mg/dL, while the glycated hemoglobin concentrations in all groups administered DMWEs were similar to those of NC and DT. Regarding the blood biochemical parameters, the levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine in DM-100 and DM-200 were similar to those in NC and DT. Overall, these results highlight the effectiveness of DM-100 in the treatment of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":38891,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46874209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.14405/kjvr.2021.61.e37
S. Bae, Yunseok Jin, Taeho Oh
Canine otitis externa (OE) is one of the most common dermatological problems for which dog owners frequently seek veterinary care and is associated with a high rate of recurrence [1-3]. Dogs with OE may show erythema, swelling, exudate, and clinical signs related to pruritus and pain due to inflammation in the external ear canal [3,4]. Numerous underlying issues can cause or worsen OE; however, addressing pathogens such as bacteria or yeast plays an important role in the management of OE. Although various pathogens are associated with canine OE, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Malassezia pachydermatis are the most common pathogens found in this condition [3-7]. Thus, reducing number of these infectious organisms is critical to the successful treatment of OE. For this purpose, topical and systemic antimicrobials with or without anti-inflammatory agents are used in veterinary clinics [3]. The otic solution used in this study (Neptra; Elanco, USA) includes florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate in a single-dose regimen. This otic solution is the Food and Drug Administration−approved, veterinarian−administered treatment for canine OE, and S. pseudintermedius and M. pachydermatis show suscepThis study evaluated the efficacy of a new, single-dose otic solution combining florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate for the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE) in vitro and in vivo. Forty-one client-owned dogs with OE were included in the study and divided into a treatment group that received the test solution and a negative control group that received a normal saline solution. On day 0, the dogs were treated either with the test or the control solution and evaluated over 30 days. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by clinical signs and cytological organism counts. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). After treatment with the test solution, clinical signs continuously decreased and cytological scores were significantly reduced. The results of MIC testing showed that the test solution was potent against the common pathogenic causes of canine OE. In this study, the most common causative pathogens were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis. No issues related to safety were identified. Based on these results, this new ototopical drug can be used as first line treatment for canine OE.
{"title":"In vivo and in vitro efficacy of florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate topical otic solution for the treatment of canine otitis externa","authors":"S. Bae, Yunseok Jin, Taeho Oh","doi":"10.14405/kjvr.2021.61.e37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.2021.61.e37","url":null,"abstract":"Canine otitis externa (OE) is one of the most common dermatological problems for which dog owners frequently seek veterinary care and is associated with a high rate of recurrence [1-3]. Dogs with OE may show erythema, swelling, exudate, and clinical signs related to pruritus and pain due to inflammation in the external ear canal [3,4]. Numerous underlying issues can cause or worsen OE; however, addressing pathogens such as bacteria or yeast plays an important role in the management of OE. Although various pathogens are associated with canine OE, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Malassezia pachydermatis are the most common pathogens found in this condition [3-7]. Thus, reducing number of these infectious organisms is critical to the successful treatment of OE. For this purpose, topical and systemic antimicrobials with or without anti-inflammatory agents are used in veterinary clinics [3]. The otic solution used in this study (Neptra; Elanco, USA) includes florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate in a single-dose regimen. This otic solution is the Food and Drug Administration−approved, veterinarian−administered treatment for canine OE, and S. pseudintermedius and M. pachydermatis show suscepThis study evaluated the efficacy of a new, single-dose otic solution combining florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate for the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE) in vitro and in vivo. Forty-one client-owned dogs with OE were included in the study and divided into a treatment group that received the test solution and a negative control group that received a normal saline solution. On day 0, the dogs were treated either with the test or the control solution and evaluated over 30 days. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by clinical signs and cytological organism counts. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). After treatment with the test solution, clinical signs continuously decreased and cytological scores were significantly reduced. The results of MIC testing showed that the test solution was potent against the common pathogenic causes of canine OE. In this study, the most common causative pathogens were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis. No issues related to safety were identified. Based on these results, this new ototopical drug can be used as first line treatment for canine OE.","PeriodicalId":38891,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47035798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.14405/kjvr.2021.61.e40
Daseul Chun, DoHyeon Yu
Acid–base and electrolyte disorders are commonly found in critically ill patients in human and veterinary medicine [1-4]. In particular, metabolic acid–base disorders have been reported in various critical diseases, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, hepatitis, and kidney disease [1,2,5]. In cats, acid–base disorders have prognostic relevance, and the bicarbonate concentration in feline patients is inversely proportional to mortality [6,7]. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of acid–base disorders in critically ill patients are essential. Various acid–base analysis methods, such as traditional and physicochemical approaches, have been developed to manage acid–base disorders successfully. The traditional approach called the physiologic approach is based on the Henderson– Hasselbalch equation to evaluate the acid–base status using the pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3 ), anion gap (AG), and base excess (BE) [8]. This method can describe the compensations [9], but it has the disadvantage of being incompetent in detecting complex metabolic acid–base disorders, which are often found in severely ill patients [10,11]. Physicochemical approaches include the Stewart method (strong ion model, quantitative approach) [12-14] and the Fencl–Stewart method (semiquantitative approach) [15] and are more useful for analyzing the underlying cause than the traditional method. The Acid–base disorder is a common problem in veterinary emergency and critical care. Traditional methods, as well as the Stewart method based on strong ion difference concepts and the Fencl–Stewart method, can be used to analyze the underlying causes. On the other hand, there are insufficient comparative study data on these methods in cats. From 2018 to 2020, 327 acid–base analysis data were collected from 69 sick and 18 healthy cats. The three most well-known methods (traditional method, Stewart method, and Fencl–Stewart method) were used to analyze the acid–base status. The frequency of acid–base imbalances and the degree of variation according to the disease were also evaluated. In the traditional acid-base analysis, 5/69 (7.2%) cats showed a normal acid-base status, and 23.2% and 40.6% of the simple and mixed disorders, respectively. The Fencl–Stewart method showed changes in both the acidotic and alkalotic processes in 64/69 (92.8%), whereas all cats showed an abnormal status in the Fencl–Stewart method (semiquantitative approach). The frequencies of the different acid-base imbalances were identified according to the analysis method. These findings can assist in analyzing the underlying causes of acid–base imbalance and developing the appropriate treatment.
{"title":"A comparison of traditional and quantitative analysis of acid-base and electrolyte imbalance in 87 cats","authors":"Daseul Chun, DoHyeon Yu","doi":"10.14405/kjvr.2021.61.e40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.2021.61.e40","url":null,"abstract":"Acid–base and electrolyte disorders are commonly found in critically ill patients in human and veterinary medicine [1-4]. In particular, metabolic acid–base disorders have been reported in various critical diseases, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, hepatitis, and kidney disease [1,2,5]. In cats, acid–base disorders have prognostic relevance, and the bicarbonate concentration in feline patients is inversely proportional to mortality [6,7]. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of acid–base disorders in critically ill patients are essential. Various acid–base analysis methods, such as traditional and physicochemical approaches, have been developed to manage acid–base disorders successfully. The traditional approach called the physiologic approach is based on the Henderson– Hasselbalch equation to evaluate the acid–base status using the pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3 ), anion gap (AG), and base excess (BE) [8]. This method can describe the compensations [9], but it has the disadvantage of being incompetent in detecting complex metabolic acid–base disorders, which are often found in severely ill patients [10,11]. Physicochemical approaches include the Stewart method (strong ion model, quantitative approach) [12-14] and the Fencl–Stewart method (semiquantitative approach) [15] and are more useful for analyzing the underlying cause than the traditional method. The Acid–base disorder is a common problem in veterinary emergency and critical care. Traditional methods, as well as the Stewart method based on strong ion difference concepts and the Fencl–Stewart method, can be used to analyze the underlying causes. On the other hand, there are insufficient comparative study data on these methods in cats. From 2018 to 2020, 327 acid–base analysis data were collected from 69 sick and 18 healthy cats. The three most well-known methods (traditional method, Stewart method, and Fencl–Stewart method) were used to analyze the acid–base status. The frequency of acid–base imbalances and the degree of variation according to the disease were also evaluated. In the traditional acid-base analysis, 5/69 (7.2%) cats showed a normal acid-base status, and 23.2% and 40.6% of the simple and mixed disorders, respectively. The Fencl–Stewart method showed changes in both the acidotic and alkalotic processes in 64/69 (92.8%), whereas all cats showed an abnormal status in the Fencl–Stewart method (semiquantitative approach). The frequencies of the different acid-base imbalances were identified according to the analysis method. These findings can assist in analyzing the underlying causes of acid–base imbalance and developing the appropriate treatment.","PeriodicalId":38891,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43808340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.14405/kjvr.2021.61.e36
Kang-Il Lee, Y. Chae, T. Yun, Y. Koo, Dohee Lee, Hakhyun Kim, Kyoung-Min So, W. Cho, Ha-Jung Kim, Mhan-Pyo Yang, Byeong-Teck Kang
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an allergic skin disease that causes pruritus in dogs with genetic predisposition [1]. Cutaneous adverse food reaction (CAFR) is caused by food allergens and is a common allergic dermatosis that makes CAD difficult to control by triggering the flare of CAD [2,3]. It is generally characterized by non-seasonal pruritus, secondary infection associated with ingestion of various kinds of food allergens such as beef, dairy products, chicken, and wheat in dogs, and exhibit a partial-to-poor response to glucocorticoids [4,5]. As allergic skin reactions to food allergens present CAD-like clinical signs, it is challenging to clearly distinguishing CAFR from CAD based on lesion distribution alone [6,7]. The gold standard for diagnosis in CAFR is based on a strict elimination diet trial, resulting in improved clinical signs, followed by a provocative test. If the clinical signs relapse within a few minutes to several hours or up to 2 weeks after feeding the test food, CAFR is diagnosed. Even though the trial duration of an elimiThe objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of the short-term application of insect-based diet in canine allergic dermatitis. Total 19 atopic dogs with concurrent cutaneous adverse food reactions were enrolled and classified into 3 groups. The treatment group (n = 7) was fed insect-based diet, the positive control group (n = 6) was fed salmon-based diet, and the negative control group (n = 6) was fed commercial or homemade diet for 12 weeks. The degree of skin lesions was evaluated based on canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI-4). Additionally, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and pruritus visual analog scale were evaluated. All indices were evaluated every 4 weeks after the initial administration of hypoallergenic diets. In the treatment group, significant decrease in the CADESI-4 score was observed at 8 weeks compared to the baseline score (p = 0.031). There were significant differences in the CADESI-4 score between the groups at 8 weeks (p = 0.008), 12 weeks (p = 0.012), and TEWL at 12 weeks (p = 0.022). This preliminary result demonstrates the potential hypoallergenicity of an insect-based diet through features that diminish cutaneous lesions and skin barrier dysfunction.
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