Nursing children and young people最新文献

Neurological observations are a vital part of the assessment of infants, children and young people with a suspected or confirmed acquired brain injury (ABI). They are designed to identify neurological deterioration and inform the management of ABIs. Children's nurses may perform many of these neurological observations, including by using tools such as the AVPU scale, the Glasgow Coma Scale, pupillary response and limb assessment. This is the second of two articles that aim to encourage accuracy and consistency when performing neurological observations in infants, children and young people with a suspected or confirmed ABI to optimise their care. The article explains how to undertake various elements of a neurological assessment, how often to perform neurological observations, when to escalate concerns and why it is important to use family-centred care.

Growing numbers of children and young people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, partly due to the obesogenic environment they grow up in. The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes is seen particularly in adolescent girls and in children and young people of non-white ethnic backgrounds. There are numerous challenges relating to the diagnosis, treatment and management of type 2 diabetes in children and young people, notably the fact that the condition can lead to serious complications and often triggers high levels of anxiety and stress in patients and families. This article outlines the challenges faced by children and young people with type 2 diabetes, their families and carers, and suggests ways in which nurses can support them with the aim of achieving optimal management and self-management.

In January 2020, the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) updated its guidelines for the diagnosis of paediatric coeliac disease. The revised ESPGHAN guidelines offer a more streamlined approach to diagnostic pathways for the detection of this disease in children. This article provides an update for clinicians on how to diagnose and manage coeliac disease in children based on the revised guidelines and other available literature.

Growing numbers of children and young people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, partly due to the obesogenic environment they grow up in. The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes is seen particularly in adolescent girls and in children and young people of non-white ethnic backgrounds. There are numerous challenges relating to the diagnosis, treatment and management of type 2 diabetes in children and young people, notably the fact that the condition can lead to serious complications and often triggers high levels of anxiety and stress in patients and families. This article outlines the challenges faced by children and young people with type 2 diabetes, their families and carers, and suggests ways in which nurses can support them with the aim of achieving optimal management and self-management.

Background: Sickle cell disease is an inherited haematological condition with life-threatening consequences. It can affect all aspects of the lives of children with the condition, including biopsychosocial and cognitive aspects. These children tend to have a low health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Aim: To identify factors associated with HRQoL in Omani children with sickle cell disease.

Method: The study was a secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial conducted with 72 parent-and-child dyads who were recruited from two tertiary hospitals in Oman. The aim of the original study was to examine the effects of an educational programme on the knowledge and self-efficacy of parents of children with sickle cell disease. As part of that study, parents and children completed two questionnaires on HRQoL, one generic and one specific to sickle cell disease.

Results: Parents' knowledge of sickle cell disease, parents' self-efficacy in managing their child's symptoms, parents' age, children's age and treatment with hydroxyurea were found to affect children's HRQoL.

Conclusion: Healthcare providers need to include biopsychosocial and cognitive aspects of HRQoL in their assessments of children with sickle cell disease. Programmes designed to enhance parents' and children's knowledge and self-efficacy, as well as measures designed to ensure that children receive treatment with hydroxyurea, are likely to improve the HRQoL of children with sickle cell disease.

Prosopagnosia or 'face blindness' is the inability to recognise people's faces. There are two types: congenital or developmental prosopagnosia, which is the most common, and acquired prosopagnosia, which may occur secondary to brain tumours, stroke or other brain disorders. The authors of this article explored if mask wearing as a result of the restrictions imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may affect social and developmental outcomes in children, including the development of prosopagnosia. Limited research on this topic is available and, although some relevant publications were found, no definitive evidence of mask-induced prosopagnosia in children was identified. However, nurses should be aware of this issue and discuss coping strategies to support children with the condition. Longitudinal studies on outcomes in children from different age groups who grew up during the COVID-19 pandemic will provide further insight.