Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.1515/micrnado-2018-0001
Louise Larsen, M. Rosenstierne, J. Nielsen, L. Dalgaard
Abstract MicroRNA (miRNA)-375 is highly expressed in the pancreatic endocrine islets. Maintaining appropriate miR-375 levels is very important for beta cell development, function and proliferation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the regulation and localization of miR-375 in rat perinatal pancreas at embryonic day 20 (E20), postnatal day 0 (D0) and day 2 (D2). Expression levels of miR-375 were measured by in situ hybridization on fixed neonatal rat pancreas. Interestingly, while miR-375 was detectable at robust levels at all three time points, the major site of expression of miR-375 at D0 and D2 was in pancreatic exocrine cells. Our data show that miR-375 has a dynamic change of expression in pancreatic exocrine tissue during the perinatal period. Moreover, these findings indicate that pancreatic endocrine cells may not always be the major source of expression of miR-375 in pancreas. We suggest that the marked change of miR-375 levels in exocrine cells following birth could regulate processes involved in the adaptation of the exocrine pancreas to digestion of external nutrients derived from milk.
{"title":"Localization of microRNA-375 in perinatal rat pancreas","authors":"Louise Larsen, M. Rosenstierne, J. Nielsen, L. Dalgaard","doi":"10.1515/micrnado-2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/micrnado-2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract MicroRNA (miRNA)-375 is highly expressed in the pancreatic endocrine islets. Maintaining appropriate miR-375 levels is very important for beta cell development, function and proliferation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the regulation and localization of miR-375 in rat perinatal pancreas at embryonic day 20 (E20), postnatal day 0 (D0) and day 2 (D2). Expression levels of miR-375 were measured by in situ hybridization on fixed neonatal rat pancreas. Interestingly, while miR-375 was detectable at robust levels at all three time points, the major site of expression of miR-375 at D0 and D2 was in pancreatic exocrine cells. Our data show that miR-375 has a dynamic change of expression in pancreatic exocrine tissue during the perinatal period. Moreover, these findings indicate that pancreatic endocrine cells may not always be the major source of expression of miR-375 in pancreas. We suggest that the marked change of miR-375 levels in exocrine cells following birth could regulate processes involved in the adaptation of the exocrine pancreas to digestion of external nutrients derived from milk.","PeriodicalId":389594,"journal":{"name":"Non-coding RNAs in Endocrinology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129538576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.1515/micrnado-2018-0002
Caroline Jaksch, I. Iessi, P. Thams, S. Poulsen, B. Levin, L. Dalgaard, J. Nielsen
Abstract Background: Fetal metabolic programming imposed by maternal obesity and impaired glucose tolerance predisposes the offspring to metabolic disease and beta cell dysfunction as adults. The aim of this study was to assess the whole pancreas RNA changes in neonatal offspring exposed to fetal programming. Methods: The outcome of fetal programming on offspring was tested using the selectively bred Diet Induced Obese (DIO) and the Diet Resistant (DR) strains. DIO and DR rats were fed either chow or high fat, high sucrose (high energy, HE) diet during gestation and the differences in pancreas RNA expression at two days after birth were measured by microarray. Pancreas sections were stained and analyzed for alpha and beta cell numbers. Neonatal islets were treated with cytotoxic cytokines and RNA measured by RT-Q-PCR. Results: Morphometric analyses revealed significant differences in alpha and beta cell numbers per pancreas or per islet by HE diet. Microarray analyses revealed 11 fold downregulation of the long noncoding RNA Bsr in whole pancreas by HE feeding of DIO rat dams. MicroRNAs from the same locus, the Dlk1- Dio3 imprinted region, were also decreased by HE diet. Moreover, treatment of isolated neonatal islets with inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IFN-γ, led to reduction of Bsr transcript in a time and dose dependent manner. Conclusions: Our data suggest that fetal programming of Bsr may play a role in beta cell dysfunction in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
{"title":"The long noncoding RNA Bsr in the genomically imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 region is suppressed in newborn rat pancreas by gestational obesity","authors":"Caroline Jaksch, I. Iessi, P. Thams, S. Poulsen, B. Levin, L. Dalgaard, J. Nielsen","doi":"10.1515/micrnado-2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/micrnado-2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Fetal metabolic programming imposed by maternal obesity and impaired glucose tolerance predisposes the offspring to metabolic disease and beta cell dysfunction as adults. The aim of this study was to assess the whole pancreas RNA changes in neonatal offspring exposed to fetal programming. Methods: The outcome of fetal programming on offspring was tested using the selectively bred Diet Induced Obese (DIO) and the Diet Resistant (DR) strains. DIO and DR rats were fed either chow or high fat, high sucrose (high energy, HE) diet during gestation and the differences in pancreas RNA expression at two days after birth were measured by microarray. Pancreas sections were stained and analyzed for alpha and beta cell numbers. Neonatal islets were treated with cytotoxic cytokines and RNA measured by RT-Q-PCR. Results: Morphometric analyses revealed significant differences in alpha and beta cell numbers per pancreas or per islet by HE diet. Microarray analyses revealed 11 fold downregulation of the long noncoding RNA Bsr in whole pancreas by HE feeding of DIO rat dams. MicroRNAs from the same locus, the Dlk1- Dio3 imprinted region, were also decreased by HE diet. Moreover, treatment of isolated neonatal islets with inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IFN-γ, led to reduction of Bsr transcript in a time and dose dependent manner. Conclusions: Our data suggest that fetal programming of Bsr may play a role in beta cell dysfunction in obesity and type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":389594,"journal":{"name":"Non-coding RNAs in Endocrinology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122209683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-11DOI: 10.1515/micrnado-2017-0001
Holly Kristensen-Walker
{"title":"Commentary: Cross-talks between microbiota and microRNAs","authors":"Holly Kristensen-Walker","doi":"10.1515/micrnado-2017-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/micrnado-2017-0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":389594,"journal":{"name":"Non-coding RNAs in Endocrinology","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115911206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-11DOI: 10.1515/micrnado-2017-0002
Wilson K. M. Wong, Malati R. Umrani, M. Joglekar
Abstract Combined immuno-FISH offers an important tool for understanding the localization of mature microRNAs with reference to other proteins within the same cell. This procedure has been previously demonstrated by our team and the method has been described earlier [1, 2].
{"title":"Combined Immuno-FISH confirms islet-specific miRNAs","authors":"Wilson K. M. Wong, Malati R. Umrani, M. Joglekar","doi":"10.1515/micrnado-2017-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/micrnado-2017-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Combined immuno-FISH offers an important tool for understanding the localization of mature microRNAs with reference to other proteins within the same cell. This procedure has been previously demonstrated by our team and the method has been described earlier [1, 2].","PeriodicalId":389594,"journal":{"name":"Non-coding RNAs in Endocrinology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121927501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-19DOI: 10.2478/micrnado-2014-0003
Poonam R. Pandey, V. Seshadri
Leptin and Insulin mediated signalling have been known to play a significant role in energy utilization and body weight. Obese mice with leptin mutations were known to have several impairments but the contribution of micro RNA to the manifestation of these impairments in the Ob/ Ob mice (lacking functional leptin) were not explored in detail. miRNA play an important role in regulating obesity was indicated by the obese phenotype of the mice lacking Dicer in the PMOC neuron [1]. Leptin is an essential neurotrophic factor in early development and also reduced Leptin during early development results in obesity, thus it can be hypothesized that some of the effects of the leptin deprivation could be mediated by miRNAs. Recently Crepin and co-workers have studied differential expression of micro RNAs in the hypothalamus of the Ob/Ob mice compared to control mice [2]. In the initial screen using Taqman Low Density assay (TLDA) array they identified eleven miRNA’s that are differentially expressed and three of these miRNA (miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-429) were further analysed by quantitative PCR to confirm their over expression in Ob/Ob mice. Further, the authors have demonstrated that leptin treatment in ob/ob mice reduces the expression of miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-429 when compared to the vehicle control. miR200a was also shown to be upregulated in the db/db mice (lacking functional leptin receptors). IRS2 and Leptin receptor (ObRb) mRNA were identified as functional target of miR-200a. Using luciferase reporter assay they, have demonstrated that miR-200a targets the 3’UTR region of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) and leptin receptor (ObRb) in CHO cells. Interestingly, Commentary
{"title":"Role of miR-200a in regulating the insulin signalling in the hypothalamus","authors":"Poonam R. Pandey, V. Seshadri","doi":"10.2478/micrnado-2014-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/micrnado-2014-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Leptin and Insulin mediated signalling have been known to play a significant role in energy utilization and body weight. Obese mice with leptin mutations were known to have several impairments but the contribution of micro RNA to the manifestation of these impairments in the Ob/ Ob mice (lacking functional leptin) were not explored in detail. miRNA play an important role in regulating obesity was indicated by the obese phenotype of the mice lacking Dicer in the PMOC neuron [1]. Leptin is an essential neurotrophic factor in early development and also reduced Leptin during early development results in obesity, thus it can be hypothesized that some of the effects of the leptin deprivation could be mediated by miRNAs. Recently Crepin and co-workers have studied differential expression of micro RNAs in the hypothalamus of the Ob/Ob mice compared to control mice [2]. In the initial screen using Taqman Low Density assay (TLDA) array they identified eleven miRNA’s that are differentially expressed and three of these miRNA (miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-429) were further analysed by quantitative PCR to confirm their over expression in Ob/Ob mice. Further, the authors have demonstrated that leptin treatment in ob/ob mice reduces the expression of miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-429 when compared to the vehicle control. miR200a was also shown to be upregulated in the db/db mice (lacking functional leptin receptors). IRS2 and Leptin receptor (ObRb) mRNA were identified as functional target of miR-200a. Using luciferase reporter assay they, have demonstrated that miR-200a targets the 3’UTR region of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) and leptin receptor (ObRb) in CHO cells. Interestingly, Commentary","PeriodicalId":389594,"journal":{"name":"Non-coding RNAs in Endocrinology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122896243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-19DOI: 10.2478/micrnado-2014-0002
P. Puthanveetil, Anu Thomas, S. Chakrabarti
Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNA) are non-coding RNAs, the majority of which are 22 nucleotide in size. They regulate gene transcription and control more than 50% of the mammalian genome. Although functional significance and targets of several miRNAs are yet to be identified, they may be regarded as controller of cellular physiology and function. Through such regulation they play vital roles in normal and diseased states. In the context of diabetes and chronic diabetic complications, recent research has identified alterations of a significant number of miRNAs. However, in a complex chronic disease like diabetes, multiple transcripts may also change in a temporal fashion depending on the disease progression and activation of counter-regulatory mechanisms. Hence, it is also possible that some miRNA changes may not be causally related to the disease pathogenesis and represent epiphenomena. To date, over 500 studies have addressed the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and chronic diabetic complications. Majority of the altered miRNAs appear to have pathogenetic roles. In this review, we have tried to identify alterations of specific miRNAs and the pathways they may regulate. We have also tried to identify whether some of these miRNA alterations may form basis of potential treatments
{"title":"MicroRNAs in diabetes - are they perpetrators in disguise or just epiphenomena?","authors":"P. Puthanveetil, Anu Thomas, S. Chakrabarti","doi":"10.2478/micrnado-2014-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/micrnado-2014-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNA) are non-coding RNAs, the majority of which are 22 nucleotide in size. They regulate gene transcription and control more than 50% of the mammalian genome. Although functional significance and targets of several miRNAs are yet to be identified, they may be regarded as controller of cellular physiology and function. Through such regulation they play vital roles in normal and diseased states. In the context of diabetes and chronic diabetic complications, recent research has identified alterations of a significant number of miRNAs. However, in a complex chronic disease like diabetes, multiple transcripts may also change in a temporal fashion depending on the disease progression and activation of counter-regulatory mechanisms. Hence, it is also possible that some miRNA changes may not be causally related to the disease pathogenesis and represent epiphenomena. To date, over 500 studies have addressed the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and chronic diabetic complications. Majority of the altered miRNAs appear to have pathogenetic roles. In this review, we have tried to identify alterations of specific miRNAs and the pathways they may regulate. We have also tried to identify whether some of these miRNA alterations may form basis of potential treatments","PeriodicalId":389594,"journal":{"name":"Non-coding RNAs in Endocrinology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130673718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-26DOI: 10.2478/micrnado-2013-0002
F. Jiang, G. Morahan
Abstract MicroRNAs belong to a family of small (-23 nt) non-coding RNAs that mediate posttranscriptional gene silencing. They are emerging as important new regulators of differentiation and development. Knowledge of their role in pancreas and islet development, may help in developing a regenerative therapy for diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. In this minireview, we summarize the latest evidence of the role these new regulators play in islet lineage development, aiming to attract more research into this important developmental regulators.
{"title":"MicroRNAs: emerging regulators for development of pancreatic islet lineages","authors":"F. Jiang, G. Morahan","doi":"10.2478/micrnado-2013-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/micrnado-2013-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract MicroRNAs belong to a family of small (-23 nt) non-coding RNAs that mediate posttranscriptional gene silencing. They are emerging as important new regulators of differentiation and development. Knowledge of their role in pancreas and islet development, may help in developing a regenerative therapy for diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. In this minireview, we summarize the latest evidence of the role these new regulators play in islet lineage development, aiming to attract more research into this important developmental regulators.","PeriodicalId":389594,"journal":{"name":"Non-coding RNAs in Endocrinology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121677098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.2478/micrnado-2014-0001
S. Chung, Weiyong Shen, M. Gillies
Abstract Angiogenesis is the pathological process of forming new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. It is one of the main features of many conditions such as cancer and inflammatory diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Recent studies have suggested that miRNAs play a significant role in angiogenesis. The study from Wang et al reported a novel angiomiR, miRNA-329, and its negative correlation with CD 146 expression in angiogenesis. These in vitro and in vivo studies introduce an appealing new way of treating angiogenesis by targeting CD146.
{"title":"Identification of a novel miRNA targeting CD146 for suppression of angiogenesis","authors":"S. Chung, Weiyong Shen, M. Gillies","doi":"10.2478/micrnado-2014-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/micrnado-2014-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Angiogenesis is the pathological process of forming new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. It is one of the main features of many conditions such as cancer and inflammatory diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Recent studies have suggested that miRNAs play a significant role in angiogenesis. The study from Wang et al reported a novel angiomiR, miRNA-329, and its negative correlation with CD 146 expression in angiogenesis. These in vitro and in vivo studies introduce an appealing new way of treating angiogenesis by targeting CD146.","PeriodicalId":389594,"journal":{"name":"Non-coding RNAs in Endocrinology","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124146819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.2478/micrnado-2013-0003
E. Luzi, F. D’Asta, M. Brandi
Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNAs of about - 22 nucleotides which suppress gene expression by selectively binding to the 3’ non coding region (3’-UTR) of specific messenger RNAs through base-pairing. There are now more than 1600 human miRNAs annotated in the miRNA registry (http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk), but, at the moment, very few miRNAs have been well characterized and most of their roles remain unknown. miRNAs derive from transcripts that fold back on themselves to form distinctive hairpin structures, whereas the other types of endogenous small RNAs derive either from much longer hairpins that give rise to a greater diversity of small RNAs (siRNAs), or from bimolecular RNA duplexes (siRNAs), or from precursors without any suspected doublestranded character (piRNAs). The key step to understanding more about the possible functions of microRNA is to identify their mRNA targets. Recent studies have supported a role of miRNAs in the initiation and progression of human malignancies. Several groups have studied the global miRNA expression in cancer patients and found that miRNAs show different patterns of expression in normal and tumor tissues. The involvement of miRNAs in human cancer is probably due to the fact that >50% of miRNA genes are located at chromosomal regions, such as fragile sites or common break point sites, and regions of deletion or amplification that are generally altered in human tumors. Experimental evidence has shown that miRNA expression profiles enable the classification of poorly characterized human tumors that cannot be accurately classified using only the mRNA expression patterns. As a result, the miRs involved in the oncogenic transformation process are being investigated as novel biomarkers of disease detection and prognosis as well as potential therapeutic targets for human cancers. The aim of this review is to provide a general background regarding current knowledge about miRNA involvement in human pancreatic cancer and in the regulation of glucose metabolism.
{"title":"MicroRNAs and pancreatic-endocrine system","authors":"E. Luzi, F. D’Asta, M. Brandi","doi":"10.2478/micrnado-2013-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/micrnado-2013-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNAs of about - 22 nucleotides which suppress gene expression by selectively binding to the 3’ non coding region (3’-UTR) of specific messenger RNAs through base-pairing. There are now more than 1600 human miRNAs annotated in the miRNA registry (http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk), but, at the moment, very few miRNAs have been well characterized and most of their roles remain unknown. miRNAs derive from transcripts that fold back on themselves to form distinctive hairpin structures, whereas the other types of endogenous small RNAs derive either from much longer hairpins that give rise to a greater diversity of small RNAs (siRNAs), or from bimolecular RNA duplexes (siRNAs), or from precursors without any suspected doublestranded character (piRNAs). The key step to understanding more about the possible functions of microRNA is to identify their mRNA targets. Recent studies have supported a role of miRNAs in the initiation and progression of human malignancies. Several groups have studied the global miRNA expression in cancer patients and found that miRNAs show different patterns of expression in normal and tumor tissues. The involvement of miRNAs in human cancer is probably due to the fact that >50% of miRNA genes are located at chromosomal regions, such as fragile sites or common break point sites, and regions of deletion or amplification that are generally altered in human tumors. Experimental evidence has shown that miRNA expression profiles enable the classification of poorly characterized human tumors that cannot be accurately classified using only the mRNA expression patterns. As a result, the miRs involved in the oncogenic transformation process are being investigated as novel biomarkers of disease detection and prognosis as well as potential therapeutic targets for human cancers. The aim of this review is to provide a general background regarding current knowledge about miRNA involvement in human pancreatic cancer and in the regulation of glucose metabolism.","PeriodicalId":389594,"journal":{"name":"Non-coding RNAs in Endocrinology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122883658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.2478/micrnado-2013-0004
R. Farr, Caroline J Taylor, S. Satoor, Michael J. A. Williams, M. Joglekar
Abstract Ever since the discovery of small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs have been identified to play a critical role in development and function of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells. Research carried out until now demonstrates that microRNAs can specifically target key pancreatic transcription factors and signalling molecules. This in turn may influence changes in insulin production and secretion. microRNAs are also identified in insulin target organs that are altered as a result of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Recent studies demonstrate that microRNAs are not only confined to cells but are also detected in biological fluids including serum, plasma and urine. These data indicate that miRNAs may be looked upon having a dual role, as biomarkers and as regulators of disease. We review the existing literature in understanding the role of microRNAs in development, function and death of pancreatic beta cells as well as in the development of metabolic disease. We discuss the possible mechanisms that contribute to identifying the role of microRNAs as sensitive and efficient biomarkers to predict the progression of diabetes. Understanding tissue-specific microRNA signatures and their role as a cause or effect of diabetes would provide more information on progression of this disease.
{"title":"From Cradle to the Grave: Tissue-specific microRNA signatures in detecting clinical progression of diabetes","authors":"R. Farr, Caroline J Taylor, S. Satoor, Michael J. A. Williams, M. Joglekar","doi":"10.2478/micrnado-2013-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/micrnado-2013-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ever since the discovery of small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs have been identified to play a critical role in development and function of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells. Research carried out until now demonstrates that microRNAs can specifically target key pancreatic transcription factors and signalling molecules. This in turn may influence changes in insulin production and secretion. microRNAs are also identified in insulin target organs that are altered as a result of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Recent studies demonstrate that microRNAs are not only confined to cells but are also detected in biological fluids including serum, plasma and urine. These data indicate that miRNAs may be looked upon having a dual role, as biomarkers and as regulators of disease. We review the existing literature in understanding the role of microRNAs in development, function and death of pancreatic beta cells as well as in the development of metabolic disease. We discuss the possible mechanisms that contribute to identifying the role of microRNAs as sensitive and efficient biomarkers to predict the progression of diabetes. Understanding tissue-specific microRNA signatures and their role as a cause or effect of diabetes would provide more information on progression of this disease.","PeriodicalId":389594,"journal":{"name":"Non-coding RNAs in Endocrinology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130272935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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