Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.47176/ijpr.23.1.21623
In this research, firstly, the structure of a double-layer phosphorene nanoribbon is introduced. Then, for the simplified structure of this system in the presence of a void, the substituted wave function which has a topological origin is analyzed analytically and the analytical results are compared with the numerical method. The Landauer-Buttiker approach is used in the numerical calculation of the substituted probability density (LDOS). Finally, for bilayer phosphorene, by considering more parameters, the wave function and the energy of the substituted state in the presence of a vacancy have been reported numerically.
{"title":"Investigation of localized wave function in bilayer phosphorene nanoribbon","authors":"","doi":"10.47176/ijpr.23.1.21623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/ijpr.23.1.21623","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, firstly, the structure of a double-layer phosphorene nanoribbon is introduced. Then, for the simplified structure of this system in the presence of a void, the substituted wave function which has a topological origin is analyzed analytically and the analytical results are compared with the numerical method. The Landauer-Buttiker approach is used in the numerical calculation of the substituted probability density (LDOS). Finally, for bilayer phosphorene, by considering more parameters, the wave function and the energy of the substituted state in the presence of a vacancy have been reported numerically.","PeriodicalId":38961,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Physics Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.47176/ijpr.23.1.81540
In this paper, we consider the four-dimensional electrodynamics with SIM(2) symmetry in a very special relativity framework. First, we examine the charge-conjugation symmetry of the action at the tree (classical) level and show that the action in this framework is charge-conjugation invariant. Then, to investigate perturbatively the preservation of charge-conjugation symmetry at the loop (quantum) level, we shall focus on one-loop graphs with an odd number of photon external lines. To this end, we use the effective action approach to obtain the general form of the photon odd-point function and study the behavior of the one and three-point function of the photon under the charge-conjugation transformation. Our analysis shows that the total amplitude of the one and three-point function vanishes and hence the charge-conjugation symmetry is preserved at the quantum level. Next, we use a non-perturbative method to show that this symmetry exists at the quantum level (to all orders) and the total amplitude of all photon's odd-point functions vanishes.
{"title":"Study of charge-conjugation invariance in quantum electrodynamics with SIM(2) symmetry","authors":"","doi":"10.47176/ijpr.23.1.81540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/ijpr.23.1.81540","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the four-dimensional electrodynamics with SIM(2) symmetry in a very special relativity framework. First, we examine the charge-conjugation symmetry of the action at the tree (classical) level and show that the action in this framework is charge-conjugation invariant. Then, to investigate perturbatively the preservation of charge-conjugation symmetry at the loop (quantum) level, we shall focus on one-loop graphs with an odd number of photon external lines. To this end, we use the effective action approach to obtain the general form of the photon odd-point function and study the behavior of the one and three-point function of the photon under the charge-conjugation transformation. Our analysis shows that the total amplitude of the one and three-point function vanishes and hence the charge-conjugation symmetry is preserved at the quantum level. Next, we use a non-perturbative method to show that this symmetry exists at the quantum level (to all orders) and the total amplitude of all photon's odd-point functions vanishes.","PeriodicalId":38961,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Physics Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.47176/ijpr.23.1.21652
In this article, we first introduce a system consisting of two dissipative cavities, in each of which there is a two-level atom. Each of the atoms is under the influence of a classical laser field, which causes the displacement of their energy levels. The correlation between two cavities is given by the field-field interaction term. We use the Gardiner-Collet model to describe the dissipation in this research. After introducing the Hamiltonian of the system, we simplify the Hamiltonian by using the Fano technique and introducing two sets of new operators. Also, with introducing the atomic bare bases, the Hamiltonian of the system will become a solvable form. Then, by using the technique of Laplace transforms, we solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and find the explicit form of the system's wave function at every moment of time. Having the wave function of the atom-atom system and using the concurrence criterion, we investigate the entanglement dynamics of the system in two strong and weak interaction regimes corresponding to the non-Markovian and Markovian regimes. The results show that there will be no stable state of entanglement in this system. We will also show that the classical laser field will play a constructive role in maintaining the initial entanglement as well as the generated entanglement.
{"title":"The effect of the classical driving field on the dynamics of entanglement of two qubits interacting with two dissipative cavities","authors":"","doi":"10.47176/ijpr.23.1.21652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/ijpr.23.1.21652","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we first introduce a system consisting of two dissipative cavities, in each of which there is a two-level atom. Each of the atoms is under the influence of a classical laser field, which causes the displacement of their energy levels. The correlation between two cavities is given by the field-field interaction term. We use the Gardiner-Collet model to describe the dissipation in this research. After introducing the Hamiltonian of the system, we simplify the Hamiltonian by using the Fano technique and introducing two sets of new operators. Also, with introducing the atomic bare bases, the Hamiltonian of the system will become a solvable form. Then, by using the technique of Laplace transforms, we solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and find the explicit form of the system's wave function at every moment of time. Having the wave function of the atom-atom system and using the concurrence criterion, we investigate the entanglement dynamics of the system in two strong and weak interaction regimes corresponding to the non-Markovian and Markovian regimes. The results show that there will be no stable state of entanglement in this system. We will also show that the classical laser field will play a constructive role in maintaining the initial entanglement as well as the generated entanglement.","PeriodicalId":38961,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Physics Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.47176/ijpr.23.1.11603
Brain cancer has the lowest survival percentage among different cancers and it has caused the death of people under 40 more than others. Therefore, in this paper, the treatment of brain cancer with non-invasive photothermal therapy is investigated and the effect of various treatment factors including laser power full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the laser beam profile on the success of the treatment is evaluated. The simulations are performed by solving the three-dimensional Pennes bioheat transfer equation, Beer–Lambert law, and by considering the presence of gold nanorods, the Gaussian laser profile, as well as the initial and boundary conditions with the finite element method (FEM). The results of the investigations demonstrate that the laser power and radius of the laser spot are two important quantities in the success of the treatment. These two quantities affect the dose of thermal energy received by the cancerous tissue and control the temperature and fraction of tumour and tissue damage in different positions. Also, smaller and larger radii of laser spot than 1.1R (R is the radius of the brain tumour) lead to more and less temperature differences, respectively, in different parts of the tumour. However, the highest temperature and temperature rate can be obtained at the upper center point of the cancerous tissue in all treatment conditions. In addition, increasing the laser power from 0.5 to 1 W causes an increase in the temperature in different points of the tumour and irreversible destruction continues even after turning off the laser due to the tumor temperature in a different position beeing higher than 42 °C, as well as heat transfer due to conduction and convection.
{"title":"The effect of laser beam profile on brain cancer treatment through photothermal therapy","authors":"","doi":"10.47176/ijpr.23.1.11603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/ijpr.23.1.11603","url":null,"abstract":"Brain cancer has the lowest survival percentage among different cancers and it has caused the death of people under 40 more than others. Therefore, in this paper, the treatment of brain cancer with non-invasive photothermal therapy is investigated and the effect of various treatment factors including laser power full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the laser beam profile on the success of the treatment is evaluated. The simulations are performed by solving the three-dimensional Pennes bioheat transfer equation, Beer–Lambert law, and by considering the presence of gold nanorods, the Gaussian laser profile, as well as the initial and boundary conditions with the finite element method (FEM). The results of the investigations demonstrate that the laser power and radius of the laser spot are two important quantities in the success of the treatment. These two quantities affect the dose of thermal energy received by the cancerous tissue and control the temperature and fraction of tumour and tissue damage in different positions. Also, smaller and larger radii of laser spot than 1.1R (R is the radius of the brain tumour) lead to more and less temperature differences, respectively, in different parts of the tumour. However, the highest temperature and temperature rate can be obtained at the upper center point of the cancerous tissue in all treatment conditions. In addition, increasing the laser power from 0.5 to 1 W causes an increase in the temperature in different points of the tumour and irreversible destruction continues even after turning off the laser due to the tumor temperature in a different position beeing higher than 42 °C, as well as heat transfer due to conduction and convection.","PeriodicalId":38961,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Physics Research","volume":"283 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.47176/ijpr.23.1.51449
In this paper, the electrical control of the lateral shift of the reflected beams from a pseudo-isotropic nanocomposite structurally chiral slab is investigated, theoretically. The medium is made of a pseudo-isotropic chiral material where the silver nanoparticles are dispersed randomly inside it. The results show that the structure does not have any photonic bandgap in the absence of a low-frequency electric field and the lateral shift of the reflected beam from the structure is negligible. By the application of a low-frequency electric field, a photonic bandgap appears in the transmission spectra of the structure which only prevents the propagation of the right-handed circularly polarized waves. The giant positive and negative lateral shifts are observed at the edges of this bandgap. The mentioned properties of the structure have been used in the design of the electro-optical switches. Also, it has been shown that the lateral shifts can be controlled by varying the light incidence angle, the filling fraction of metallic nanoparticles, and the thickness of the slab.
{"title":"Electro-optic switches based on Goos Hanchen shift in a pseudo-isotropic structurally chiral slab doped with metal nanoparticles","authors":"","doi":"10.47176/ijpr.23.1.51449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/ijpr.23.1.51449","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the electrical control of the lateral shift of the reflected beams from a pseudo-isotropic nanocomposite structurally chiral slab is investigated, theoretically. The medium is made of a pseudo-isotropic chiral material where the silver nanoparticles are dispersed randomly inside it. The results show that the structure does not have any photonic bandgap in the absence of a low-frequency electric field and the lateral shift of the reflected beam from the structure is negligible. By the application of a low-frequency electric field, a photonic bandgap appears in the transmission spectra of the structure which only prevents the propagation of the right-handed circularly polarized waves. The giant positive and negative lateral shifts are observed at the edges of this bandgap. The mentioned properties of the structure have been used in the design of the electro-optical switches. Also, it has been shown that the lateral shifts can be controlled by varying the light incidence angle, the filling fraction of metallic nanoparticles, and the thickness of the slab.","PeriodicalId":38961,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Physics Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.47176/ijpr.22.4.01330
{"title":"Investigation of the electrical characteristics and sensitivity analysis of a nanoscale double gate metal source drain transistor with InAs as the channel material via Green’s function formalism","authors":"","doi":"10.47176/ijpr.22.4.01330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/ijpr.22.4.01330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38961,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Physics Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43697598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.47176/ijpr.22.4.11398
{"title":"Discriminating between optical coherent superposition states with imperfect detection","authors":"","doi":"10.47176/ijpr.22.4.11398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/ijpr.22.4.11398","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38961,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Physics Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48390131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.47176/ijpr.22.4.61471
{"title":"Investigation of synchronization in two nonlinear electrical LC-circuit with linear mutual inductance and external field using chaos theory","authors":"","doi":"10.47176/ijpr.22.4.61471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/ijpr.22.4.61471","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38961,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Physics Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49662652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.47176/ijpr.22.4.71518
{"title":"Absorption dose distribution pattern and radiological risk assessment in sediments of Miankaleh international wetland, north of Iran","authors":"","doi":"10.47176/ijpr.22.4.71518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/ijpr.22.4.71518","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38961,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Physics Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48139178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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