International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research最新文献

Background: The prognostic significance of preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been demonstrated in various tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of these ratios in pediatric medulloblastoma. Materials and Methods: Forty-three pediatric patients with medulloblastoma were evaluated, retrospectively. Clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were extracted from the electronic medical records of the patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the impact of suggested variables, including NLR, LMR, and PLR on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted for the assessment of PFS and OS. The Log-rank test was used to assess differences between the PFS and OS in the related categories.  Results: There were 27 males (62.8%) and 16 females (37.2%) with a mean age of 7.4 ±3.3 years. The median OS and PFS were 62.8 ±17.2 and 43.3 ±15.6 months, respectively. The multivariate Cox model showed the clinical risk group, NLR, and LMR as independent predictors of the PFS and the OS (p<0.05). The Log-rank test revealed that OS and PFS were higher in patients with NLR <4 and those with LMR ≥ 3.48 (p <0.05). There were no differences between patients with PLR>200 and PLR< 200 based on OS and PFS. Conclusion: Our results suggest an elevated preoperative NLR and a lowered preoperative LMR as simple predictors of survival in pediatric medulloblastoma. These cost-effective and easily available ratios, along with previously established variables, could be valuable to predict survival in pediatrics with medulloblastoma.

Background: Therapeutic approaches for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have remained largely unchanged for over 40 years and cytarabine and an anthracycline (e.g., daunorubicin) backbone is the main induction therapy for these patients. Resistance to chemotherapy is the major clinical challenge and contributes to short-term survival with a high rate of disease recurrence. Given the established efficacy of nanoparticles in cancer treatment, this study was designed to evaluate the anticancer property of our novel nanocomposite in the AML-derived KG1 cells. Materials and Methods: To assess the anti-leukemic effects of our nanocomposite on AML cells, we used MTT and trypan blue assays. Flow cytometric analysis and q-RT-PCR were also applied to evaluate the impact of nanocomposite on cell cycle and apoptosis. Results: Our results outlined that ZnO/CNT@Fe₃O₄ decreased viability and metabolic activity of KG1 cells through induction of G1 arrest by increasing the expression of p21 and p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and decreasing c-Myc transcription. Moreover, ZnO/CNT@Fe₃O₄ markedly elevated the percentage of apoptotic cells which was coupled with a significant alteration of Bax and Bcl-2 expressions. Synergistic experiments showed that ZnO/CNT@Fe₃O₄ enhances the cytotoxic effects of Vincristine on KG1 cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study sheds light on the potent anti-leukemic effects of ZnO/CNT@Fe₃O₄ and provides evidence for the application of this agent in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

The microbiota is directly involved in the host metabolic process, as well as in immune response modulation and recruitment of different cells typology in the inflammatory site. Human microbiota modification (dysbiosis) is a condition which could be correlated with various pathologies. The short-chain fatty acids produced by the metabolic process have an important role as immune mediators. In hematology field, dysbiosis can represent a predisposing condition for triggering and/or conditioning both non-neoplastic (iron deficiency anemia, thrombosis, thrombocytosis or thrombocytopenia) and neoplastic disorders (lymphomas, leukemias, myeloma). Dysbiosis may also interfere on therapy efficacy (iron supplementation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation), impacting on patient's outcome.