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An Evaluation of the Factors that Impact the Sustainability of Maritime SMMES in the Kwazulu-Natal Province 影响夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省海事中小企业可持续性的因素评估
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51415/ajims.v5i1.1040
B. Zulu, Tony Ngwenya, B. Zondi
The general state of entrepreneurship reveals that despite the efforts of the South African government to stimulate entrepreneurship through a policy framework, many SMMEs remain unsustainable. SMMEs in the country continue to experience a high failure rate of almost 70% to 80% within the first 5 years of operation. Policymaker’s have attempted to advance local economic development through various developmental models, as key economic development drivers, without success. Studies reveal that there is a misalignment in the various developmental instruments aimed at the development of the SMME sector and its reality. This study sought to explore challenges faced by SMMEs within the ocean economy in KZN province. This study was conducted with SMMEs in the ocean economy in the KZN province. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 SMMEs participating in the ocean economy in the KZN province. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The generated data from the research study showed that entrepreneurs are faced with various challenges which influence the organisation’s capacity to operate appropriately and sustainably. Understanding key challenges faced by entrepreneurs in the ocean economy in the province can help policymakers and entrepreneurs to navigate sustainable approaches to the sector’s development.
企业家精神的总体状况表明,尽管南非政府通过政策框架努力刺激企业家精神,但许多中小企业仍然不可持续。该国的中小企业在运营的前5年内继续经历近70%至80%的高故障率。政策制定者试图通过各种发展模式促进地方经济发展,作为经济发展的关键动力,但没有成功。研究表明,旨在发展中小企业部门的各种发展工具与其现实情况不一致。本研究旨在探讨KZN省海洋经济中中小企业面临的挑战。这项研究是在KZN省海洋经济中的中小企业中进行的。对KZN省参与海洋经济的12家中小企业进行了半结构化定性访谈。采用主题分析法对数据进行分析。从研究中产生的数据表明,企业家面临着各种挑战,这些挑战影响了组织适当和可持续运营的能力。了解该省企业家在海洋经济中面临的主要挑战可以帮助政策制定者和企业家为该行业的发展找到可持续的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Nigeria and ‘Negotiated Elections’: Examining the Impact of Rotational Presidency on Peace, the National Question, and Development 尼日利亚与“谈判选举”:审查轮值主席对和平、国家问题和发展的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51415/ajims.v4i1.995
O. Faluyi
Nigeria is a country consistently tilting towards one violent situation or another. Since its independence in 1960, Nigeria has witnessed numerous ethnoreligious conflicts that have threatened its corporate existence. For example, age-long feelings of relative deprivation by certain sections of the country, have given rise to the continuous reference to a need to address the national question: a phenomenon that describes the aggregation of concerns by the different nationalities on how they can or should cohabit in the same federation. However, elections, and the entire electoral process, often serve as precipitates of ethnoreligious conflicts in Nigeria. Aside from the tensions that always sprout about who becomes what, there is a more prominent challenge of where the candidate comes from. Thus, elections in Nigeria often get reduced to geographical linings of candidates, rather than their competence or political ideology. This is often festered by the need to provide opportunities for all geographical sections of the country to produce the President, thus giving rise to the idea of a rotational presidency as a negotiated approach. The article examined the rotational presidency, vis-à-vis its implication for inclusiveness, peace, the national question, and development in Nigeria. The study utilised historical materials, elite theory, and the consociational model of power sharing to explore how the political activities towards elections have shifted the attention of the populace away from the pedigree and the leadership potentials of the aspirants/candidates to their ethnic and religious backgrounds. The study suggests how good leaders can emerge without jettisoning inclusiveness.
尼日利亚是一个不断倾向于这种或那种暴力局势的国家。自1960年独立以来,尼日利亚经历了许多种族宗教冲突,这些冲突威胁到其企业的生存。例如,该国某些地区长期感到相对贫困,因此不断提到需要解决民族问题:这一现象反映了不同民族对他们如何能够或应该在同一个联邦内同居的共同关切。然而,选举和整个选举过程往往成为尼日利亚种族宗教冲突的导火索。除了关于谁会成为什么角色的紧张关系,还有一个更突出的挑战,那就是候选人来自哪里。因此,尼日利亚的选举往往被简化为候选人的地理界线,而不是他们的能力或政治意识形态。由于需要为该国所有地理区域提供产生主席的机会,这往往使情况恶化,从而产生了轮流担任主席作为谈判办法的想法。这篇文章考察了轮值主席制度对尼日利亚的包容、和平、民族问题和发展的影响。该研究利用历史资料、精英理论和权力分享的联合模型来探讨选举的政治活动如何将民众的注意力从有志者/候选人的血统和领导潜力转移到他们的种族和宗教背景上。这项研究向我们展示了如何在不抛弃包容性的情况下脱颖而出。
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引用次数: 0
Modernisation of Rural Communities: Solid Waste Management Implication 农村社区现代化:固体废物管理的意义
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51415/ajims.v5i1.1149
Nkululeko Zondi, Zikho Qwatekana, S. Dube
Solid waste management is a global challenge, particularly in economically developing countries due to their growing population, urbanisation, and increasing waste generation. Municipalities in South Africa are responsible for general waste management in both residential areas and industrial sites. However, waste management is not implemented in all rural areas of South Africa, even against the background of socioeconomic improvement and increased consumption patterns in these communities. This study aims to examine the relationship between rural socioeconomic conditions and solid waste generation and management. The target population of this study is five rural communities of the Vulindlela area, which is situated west of Msunduzi Municipality in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal. A total of 50 households were randomly selected as sample sites as the result of a detailed field survey in 2022 and 50 respondents participated in the study for interview through cluster sampling technique. The study uses a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. Primary data about the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents were gathered through close-ended questions. Open-ended questions in the semi-structured interviews were utilised to gather data on Vulindlela residents’ perceptions of waste pollution effects and strategies implemented in their area. Microsoft Excel version 2305 was used to perform basic descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) to examine the socio-economic characteristics of respondents. While a thematic content analysis was undertaken to analyse the open-ended question data which was on respondents’ perceptions of waste pollution in their area. The study findings suggest that Vulindlela is a socioeconomically diverse rural community, with households earning between 500 and 31,000 Rand per month. In addition, grocery expenditures range from 800 to 3100 Rand per month. Communities characterised by lower income generation dispose of their waste inside their households, apart from certain waste such as nappies that are disposed of in freshwater ecosystems and open spaces, while those who earn more money have diverse waste types and dispose of their waste at illegal dump sites.
固体废物管理是一项全球性挑战,特别是在经济发展中国家,因为它们的人口不断增长、城市化和废物产生不断增加。南非的市政当局负责住宅区和工业场所的一般废物管理。然而,即使在这些社区的社会经济改善和消费模式增加的背景下,南非的所有农村地区也没有实施废物管理。本研究旨在探讨农村社会经济条件与固体废物产生和管理之间的关系。本研究的目标人群是位于夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省彼得马里茨堡姆松杜兹市西部的Vulindlela地区的五个农村社区。通过2022年的详细实地调查,随机抽取50户家庭作为样本点,采用整群抽样技术对50名受访者进行访谈研究。这项研究采用了定性和定量相结合的方法。调查对象的社会人口特征的主要数据是通过封闭式问题收集的。利用半结构化访谈中的开放式问题收集有关Vulindlela居民对其所在地区废物污染影响和实施策略的看法的数据。使用Microsoft Excel version 2305进行基本的描述性统计(频率和百分比),以检查受访者的社会经济特征。同时进行了主题内容分析,以分析关于答复者对其所在地区废物污染的看法的开放式问题数据。研究结果表明,Vulindlela是一个社会经济多样化的农村社区,家庭每月收入在500至31,000兰特之间。此外,杂货支出从每月800到3100兰特不等。收入较低的社区除了在淡水生态系统和露天场所处置尿布等某些废物外,还将废物处置在家庭内部,而收入较高的社区的废物种类多样,并将废物处置在非法倾倒场。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating the Contours of Ethical Research in Higher Education: An African Perspective 导航高等教育伦理研究的轮廓:非洲视角
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51415/ajims.v3i1.978
E. Madondo
This study explores the plethora of challenges encountered in ensuring that research conducted in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Africa is ethical and morally unobjectionable. The study reflects on the roles and accountabilities of various stakeholders in contributing to the various challenges, either directly or indirectly. Data were collected using a narrative review of literature. Several challenges militate against the conduct of ethically sound research. The challenges can be categorised at two levels: the individual level and the system level. They include but are not limited to the lack of ethical awareness among emerging researchers, researchers not embracing ethics as their full responsibility, and the prevalence of a wide knowledge gap between researchers and participants. On the part of HEIs, challenges such as the lack of functional ethics committees, institutions’ failure to improve ethical literacy among emerging researchers, and a lack of mechanisms to monitor researchers’ conducts during the course of studies, particularly in empirical research, have been identified. A focus on the wider African research space illuminates such challenges as language barriers, diverging cultural and religious practices, rules and regulations of the land, and lower literacy levels in some parts of the continent. To mitigate these challenges, we recommend that HEIs should prioritise the conduct of ethical research through increased funding, through the institution of monitoring mechanisms, and through ensuring that highly and appropriately qualified personnel are constitutive of ethics committees to ensure best practice.
本研究探讨了在确保非洲高等教育机构(HEIs)开展的研究在伦理和道德上不受反对方面遇到的大量挑战。该研究反映了各利益攸关方在直接或间接应对各种挑战方面的作用和责任。数据收集采用文献的叙述回顾。一些挑战阻碍了合乎伦理的研究的进行。挑战可以分为两个层面:个人层面和系统层面。它们包括但不限于新兴研究人员缺乏伦理意识,研究人员没有将伦理作为他们的全部责任,以及研究人员和参与者之间普遍存在广泛的知识差距。在高等教育方面,已经确定了诸如缺乏功能性伦理委员会、机构未能提高新兴研究人员的伦理素养以及缺乏监督研究人员在研究过程中的行为的机制等挑战,特别是在实证研究中。对更广泛的非洲研究空间的关注揭示了诸如语言障碍、不同的文化和宗教习俗、土地的规则和条例以及非洲大陆某些地区较低的识字率等挑战。为了减轻这些挑战,我们建议高等教育机构应优先进行伦理研究,包括增加资助、设立监督机制,以及确保伦理委员会由高度合格的人员组成,以确保最佳做法。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges Encountered in the Enhancement and Optimal Teaching and Learning of the Creative Arts Subject in South Africa 南非创意艺术学科加强与优化教学所面临的挑战
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51415/ajims.v4i1.1042
Simphiwe Magagula, N. Mugovhani, S. Yende
In recent years, there have been debates regarding the scope of Creative Arts subject in the existing curriculum known as the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement offered in the South African public schools. Crucial points in question include that the curriculum does not fully equip learners with the requisite skills for their respective areas of interest. This article interrogates these, and many other challenges encountered in teaching and learning this subject. The study adopted a qualitative research method to collect data, using methods such as semi-structured interviews with the principals, teachers, as well as selected learners from the selected public schools. A substantial review of previous and recent scholarly writings was used to substantiate the findings. The over-arching finding is that this Creative Arts subject requires some intervention strategies and revision by the government and all relevant stakeholders. This study concludes by affirming that the Creative Arts subject plays a vital role in schools, but some issues have contributed to the ineffectiveness of the subject. There is a clear indication that one of the main contributions to the ineffectiveness of the Creative Arts subject in schools is to find specialist educators in each art form.
近年来,在南非公立学校提供的课程和评估政策声明中,关于现有课程中创意艺术学科的范围一直存在争议。问题的关键点包括课程没有完全使学习者具备他们各自感兴趣的领域所需的技能。本文探讨了这些问题,以及在教授和学习这一主题时遇到的许多其他挑战。本研究采用质性研究的方法收集资料,采用半结构化访谈的方法,包括对所选公立学校的校长、教师和学生进行访谈。对以前和最近的学术著作进行了大量的回顾,以证实这些发现。最重要的发现是,这个创意艺术主题需要政府和所有相关利益相关者的一些干预策略和修订。本研究的结论肯定了创意艺术学科在学校中发挥着至关重要的作用,但一些问题导致了这一学科的无效。有一个明确的迹象表明,学校创意艺术学科无效的主要原因之一是在每种艺术形式中寻找专业教育者。
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引用次数: 0
Acceptance of Professional Service Robots: A Cross-Cultural Study 专业服务机器人的接受:一项跨文化研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51415/ajims.v5i1.1162
Sarah Jembere, P. Moodley, N. Kiliswa
Service robots are humanoid and non-humanoid machines that communicate and deliver services to customers of an organisation. They are Artificial intelligence (AI) enabled and display human intelligence (Wirtz et al., 2018; Blut et al., 2021). Service robots may undertake cognitive-analytical activities and emotional-social duties. Artificial Intelligence is built-in to service robots, allowing them to interact with the customer as regular hospitality services thrive on providing interpersonal interactions to create customer value. As substitutes for human employees, service robots may posit a psychological and emotional challenge to the traditional view of hospitality services, such as human frontline employees. Professional Service Robots (PRS) have proven to have the potential to drastically change the service industry. The use of PSR is lagging in an African context, necessitating more research on factors that may influence acceptance. This study aims to explore the cultural factors that influence consumers’ acceptance of PSR.  The Service Robot Acceptance Model (sRAM) is adopted as a guiding framework for this study. Using an exploratory qualitative research approach data is collected using three focus groups, with 16 participants in total, using the simulation method. Interviews were also conducted with seven participants who were purposively selected based on age, gender, and race. Sexual orientation was found to have a positive influence on acceptance while beliefs and norms were barriers to acceptance, with the Ubuntu philosophy being one of the main reasons for rejection. Language appeared to have a huge role, as forwarded by the sRAM. The results suggest that acceptance of PSR is also dependent on cultural factors, however, its influence is lesser in certain types of service sectors. The research recommends that practitioners, service robot developers, and implementers should consider the culture of the consumers when implementing service robots.
服务机器人是人形和非人形的机器,它们与组织的客户沟通并提供服务。它们支持人工智能(AI)并显示人类智能(Wirtz等人,2018;Blut et al., 2021)。服务型机器人可以承担认知分析活动和情感社会职责。服务机器人内置人工智能,使它们能够与客户互动,因为常规的酒店服务通过提供人际互动来创造客户价值。作为人类雇员的替代品,服务机器人可能会在心理和情感上挑战传统的酒店服务观念,比如人类一线员工。专业服务机器人(PRS)已被证明具有彻底改变服务行业的潜力。在非洲的情况下,PSR的使用是滞后的,因此需要对可能影响接受程度的因素进行更多的研究。 本研究旨在探讨影响消费者接受PSR的文化因素。  采用服务机器人接受模型(sRAM)作为本研究的指导框架。采用探索性定性研究方法,采用模拟方法,通过三个焦点小组(共16名参与者)收集数据。研究人员还根据年龄、性别和种族对7名参与者进行了采访。研究发现,性取向对接受度有积极影响,而信仰和规范是接受度的障碍,乌班图哲学是拒绝的主要原因之一。语言似乎扮演着巨大的角色,正如sRAM所提出的那样。结果表明,社会责任报告的接受程度也取决于文化因素,然而,其影响在某些类型的服务部门较小。该研究建议从业人员、服务机器人开发者和实施者在实施服务机器人时应考虑消费者的文化。
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引用次数: 0
Integrating Research-Based Learning into the Undergraduate Curriculum: Challenges and Solutions 将研究性学习融入本科课程:挑战与解决方案
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51415/ajims.v4i1.1016
Teresa Eaton, Noel Richardson, Rachael Schmidt
Integrating undergraduate research into introductory level courses can improve student accessibility, inclusion, and retention. Herein, we discuss two one-on-one research projects that are being scaffolded into the undergraduate curriculum. We will describe the design and application of CUREs (course-based undergraduate research experiences) in forensic biology as well as physics and astronomy degree programmes. The forensic biology CURE includes trace evidence analysis and models the experimental methods, techniques, and instrumentation students will use in their future careers. In the Eclipsing Binaries CURE, students are introduced to coding and computational physics through modelling spectroscopic and photometric data. The lessons learned through scaling up these interdisciplinary models can apply to other fields of study.
将本科研究整合到入门级课程中可以提高学生的可及性、包容性和保留率。在此,我们将讨论两个一对一的研究项目,它们正被纳入本科课程。我们将描述在法医生物学以及物理学和天文学学位课程中cure(基于课程的本科研究经验)的设计和应用。法医生物学CURE包括痕量证据分析和模拟实验方法,技术和仪器,学生将在他们未来的职业生涯中使用。在Eclipsing Binaries CURE课程中,学生将通过对光谱和光度数据进行建模来学习编码和计算物理。通过扩大这些跨学科模型所获得的经验可以应用于其他研究领域。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Communication Satisfaction in the Relationship between Leader-Member Exchange and Teachers’ Affective Commitment 沟通满意度在领导-成员交换与教师情感承诺关系中的作用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51415/ajims.v4i1.987
S. Usadolo, Q. Usadolo, J.E.O Edigin
In this research, the effect of leader-member exchange (LMX) on teachers’ affective commitment is examined using communication satisfaction as an intervening variable. Using a quantitative research method, data was collected with a cross-sectional survey. A regression analysis indicates that LMX has a significant effect on affective commitment of teachers in the five vocational colleges examined in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Further analysis showed that communication satisfaction (relational and informational communication satisfaction) partially mediated the influence of LMX (represented in this study as programme managers) on teachers’ affective commitment. The findings are consistent with previous studies about the influence of workplace relationships on teachers’ behaviors, especially supervisor-subordinate relationships. The implications of these findings are explained.
本研究以沟通满意度为中介变量,考察领导-成员交换对教师情感承诺的影响。采用定量研究方法,采用横断面调查法收集数据。回归分析表明,LMX对南非东开普省五所职业院校教师的情感承诺有显著影响。进一步分析表明,沟通满意度(关系沟通满意度和信息沟通满意度)在LMX(本研究中以项目管理者为代表)对教师情感承诺的影响中起到部分中介作用。研究结果与前人关于职场关系对教师行为影响的研究一致,尤其是上下级关系。本文解释了这些发现的含义。
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引用次数: 0
Redesigning Undergraduate Laboratories: From Recipes to Research 重新设计本科实验室:从食谱到研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51415/ajims.v4i1.1015
J. Rulfs, Louis E. Roberts, M. Buckholt, J. Whitefleet-Smith
In an effort to introduce discovery-based learning in our undergraduate laboratory curriculum, we joined two collaborative, crowd-sourcing efforts to engage early career undergraduates in searching for novel antibiotics or bacteriophages as antimicrobial therapies. This was the first step in transforming the curriculum into one focused on providing research experiences to all our undergraduates. Our goal was to engage students in open-ended research projects that foster a sense of ownership, advance knowledge, and introduce relevant skills. We also developed courses built on faculty research programs and biotechnology industry practices. In one, students design cell culture models of tissue regeneration. Another connects to faculty research investigating stress responses in a model of mycobacterial tuberculosis. In an immunotherapies course, students design cell culture and protein purification strategies to maximize generation of a monoclonal antibody. In our newest course, students examine number and diversity of soil nematodes in urban locations. This course has evolved to include interdisciplinary research into the environmental history of the sites. Assessments demonstrated gains in concrete skills and related concepts, and in aspects such self-efficacy. All are measures shown to increase retention and student future success.
为了在我们的本科实验课程中引入基于发现的学习,我们加入了两个合作的、众包的努力,让早期职业的本科生寻找新的抗生素或噬菌体作为抗菌疗法。这是将课程转变为专注于为所有本科生提供研究经验的第一步。我们的目标是让学生参与开放式的研究项目,培养主人翁意识,提高知识水平,并引入相关技能。我们还开发了以教师研究项目和生物技术行业实践为基础的课程。其中一门课程要求学生设计组织再生的细胞培养模型。另一个与教师研究结核分枝杆菌模型的应激反应有关。在免疫疗法课程中,学生设计细胞培养和蛋白质纯化策略,以最大限度地产生单克隆抗体。在我们最新的课程中,学生研究城市地区土壤线虫的数量和多样性。这门课程已经发展到包括对遗址环境历史的跨学科研究。评估显示了具体技能和相关概念以及自我效能等方面的进步。所有这些措施都是为了提高学生的保留率和未来的成功。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Perspectives and Parental Roles in the Academic Performance of University Students with Disabilities 父母对残疾大学生学业成绩影响的视角与角色探讨
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51415/ajims.v3i1.924
S. Mntambo, W. Hlengwa, J. Adam, S. Krishna
The present study focusses on exploring the impact of parental support on the academic performance of students with disabilities. A qualitative study approach was used to explore students with disabilities' perspectives of parental support and the impact it has on their academic performance. This qualitative study purposively selected eight participants. They were subjected to semi-structured, open-ended, one-on-one interviews, and these interviews were recorded using an audio recorder with their permission. The collected data was analysed using thematic content analysis. Parental support may take numerous forms, including emotional, physical, and financial assistance. As a result, parental support influences academic success and the adjustment of students living with disabilities to their new environment. However, parental knowledge, attitudes, and tolerance of a student's disability have been shown to be obstacles to meaningful parental support. This study concludes that for students with disabilities to perform to their maximum potential, parents must be trained and empowered to provide necessary support including motivating their children.
本研究旨在探讨父母支持对残疾学生学业成绩的影响。本研究采用质性研究方法探讨残疾学生对父母支持的看法及其对学业成绩的影响。本定性研究有目的地选择了8名参与者。他们接受了半结构化的、开放式的、一对一的采访,这些采访是在他们允许的情况下用录音机记录下来的。采用主题内容分析法对收集到的数据进行分析。父母的支持有多种形式,包括情感上的、身体上的和经济上的支持。因此,父母的支持会影响残疾学生的学业成功和对新环境的适应。然而,父母的知识、态度和对学生残疾的容忍已被证明是有意义的父母支持的障碍。这项研究的结论是,为了让残疾学生发挥最大的潜力,父母必须接受培训,并被授权提供必要的支持,包括激励他们的孩子。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies
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