Abstract In recent years, Septoria leaf spot has taken a strong place in the list of economically important diseases of sunflower. It may be a favorable factor for the development of other diseases on sunflower plants too. The aim of the research was to evaluate the frequency and degree of infection of sunflower plants with Septoria helianthi as well as possibility of simultaneous infection with this pathogen and other fungi which cause foliar spots, such as downy mildew, Alternaria leaf spot and Phoma black stem under conditions of stationary infectious nursery. The year 2021 turned out to be extremely favorable for the development of fungal leaf spots on sunflower. Assessment of fungal diseases of sunflower plants was performed in F2 families obtained after crossing ZL22A, ZL58A, ZL70A, ZL78A, and ZL169A lines of Zaporozhye breeding (Ukraine) with HAR7 line (originating from the USA). Each F2 family (sample) was obtained from self-pollination of one F1 plant with varying severity of Septoria disease. It was found that in the conditions of 2021, sunflower was quite affected by Septoria disease. The percentage of injured plants in F2 samples ranged from 41.0 to 100.0%. The severity of disease was different. Less resistant genotypes included plants with lesions on sunflower leaves of lower, middle, and upper tiers in approximately equal numbers, while more resistant genotypes had almost no plants with injured leaves of upper tiers. It was established that the development of Phoma disease occurred both on plants with Septoria leaf spot and on healthy plants. On average, among the plants infected with Phoma macdonaldii, the proportion of plants jointly affected by Phoma and Septoria diseases was 2/3. However, the frequency of simultaneous infection of plants with S. helianthi and P. macdonaldii in genotypes with different resistance to Septoria leaf spot differed significantly and ranged from 80% in less resistant to 40% in more resistant accessions. Most plants (about 90%) infected with Plasmopara halstedii were simultaneously infected with S. helianthi. That is, both of these pathogens can simultaneously develop on the same plant and lead to a decline in its basic physiological functions. The rate of simultaneous damage of sunflower by Alternaria and Septoria was quite low compared to plant damage by Alternaria alone and was less than 30%. This may mean that the pathogen of Alternaria leaf spot avoids plants with existing S. helianthi fungus.
{"title":"Evaluation of Septoria leaf spot (Septoria helianthi) alone and in combination with other foliar fungal spots on sunflower","authors":"Kristina M. Levitskaya, A. Soroka, V. Lyakh","doi":"10.1515/helia-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/helia-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, Septoria leaf spot has taken a strong place in the list of economically important diseases of sunflower. It may be a favorable factor for the development of other diseases on sunflower plants too. The aim of the research was to evaluate the frequency and degree of infection of sunflower plants with Septoria helianthi as well as possibility of simultaneous infection with this pathogen and other fungi which cause foliar spots, such as downy mildew, Alternaria leaf spot and Phoma black stem under conditions of stationary infectious nursery. The year 2021 turned out to be extremely favorable for the development of fungal leaf spots on sunflower. Assessment of fungal diseases of sunflower plants was performed in F2 families obtained after crossing ZL22A, ZL58A, ZL70A, ZL78A, and ZL169A lines of Zaporozhye breeding (Ukraine) with HAR7 line (originating from the USA). Each F2 family (sample) was obtained from self-pollination of one F1 plant with varying severity of Septoria disease. It was found that in the conditions of 2021, sunflower was quite affected by Septoria disease. The percentage of injured plants in F2 samples ranged from 41.0 to 100.0%. The severity of disease was different. Less resistant genotypes included plants with lesions on sunflower leaves of lower, middle, and upper tiers in approximately equal numbers, while more resistant genotypes had almost no plants with injured leaves of upper tiers. It was established that the development of Phoma disease occurred both on plants with Septoria leaf spot and on healthy plants. On average, among the plants infected with Phoma macdonaldii, the proportion of plants jointly affected by Phoma and Septoria diseases was 2/3. However, the frequency of simultaneous infection of plants with S. helianthi and P. macdonaldii in genotypes with different resistance to Septoria leaf spot differed significantly and ranged from 80% in less resistant to 40% in more resistant accessions. Most plants (about 90%) infected with Plasmopara halstedii were simultaneously infected with S. helianthi. That is, both of these pathogens can simultaneously develop on the same plant and lead to a decline in its basic physiological functions. The rate of simultaneous damage of sunflower by Alternaria and Septoria was quite low compared to plant damage by Alternaria alone and was less than 30%. This may mean that the pathogen of Alternaria leaf spot avoids plants with existing S. helianthi fungus.","PeriodicalId":39086,"journal":{"name":"Helia","volume":"45 1","pages":"151 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41850956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Eared doves (Zenaida auriculata) cause significant economic damage to mature sunflower in Argentina. Empirical evidences indicate that some sunflower hybrids (e.g. confectionary and stripped oilseed) might be less susceptible to bird damage than others (e.g. black oilseed). However, these less susceptible hybrids could imply a trade-off between damage reduction and oil content on the seeds. In this work, we investigated the potential of a new oil-con hybrid types (OC: oilseed × confectionary cross) as a tool to prevent eared dove damage to sunflower crops. We compared the performance (damage values), morphological characteristics and nutritive quality of this hybrid compared to other three standard sunflower hybrids (BO: black oilseed, SO: striped oilseed, and CON: confectionary), both in the field and in cages. In both tests, doves significantly selected BO and SO hybrids over CON and OC hybrids. The OC hybrid was not selected, despite its high nutritional value. Results suggest that achene size could be an important morphological trait influenced eared dove selection of hybrids, independently of other seed characteristics. Based on these results, the OC hybrid tested in this study seems to be a promising tool for preventing eared dove damage to sunflower in Argentina.
{"title":"Oil-con hybrids as a potential tool to prevent eared dove damage to sunflower crops","authors":"Sebastian Zuil, S. Canavelli, Laura Addy Orduna","doi":"10.1515/helia-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/helia-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Eared doves (Zenaida auriculata) cause significant economic damage to mature sunflower in Argentina. Empirical evidences indicate that some sunflower hybrids (e.g. confectionary and stripped oilseed) might be less susceptible to bird damage than others (e.g. black oilseed). However, these less susceptible hybrids could imply a trade-off between damage reduction and oil content on the seeds. In this work, we investigated the potential of a new oil-con hybrid types (OC: oilseed × confectionary cross) as a tool to prevent eared dove damage to sunflower crops. We compared the performance (damage values), morphological characteristics and nutritive quality of this hybrid compared to other three standard sunflower hybrids (BO: black oilseed, SO: striped oilseed, and CON: confectionary), both in the field and in cages. In both tests, doves significantly selected BO and SO hybrids over CON and OC hybrids. The OC hybrid was not selected, despite its high nutritional value. Results suggest that achene size could be an important morphological trait influenced eared dove selection of hybrids, independently of other seed characteristics. Based on these results, the OC hybrid tested in this study seems to be a promising tool for preventing eared dove damage to sunflower in Argentina.","PeriodicalId":39086,"journal":{"name":"Helia","volume":"45 1","pages":"99 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45051576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maham Chaudhary, Zainab Tahir, Saba Zulfiqar, A. Tahir
Abstract Pakistan is in dire need of an oil and oil-based products For this, the prime objective is to pay serious attention to oilseed crops and mainly towards sunflower because the oil is of very good quality in terms of nutrition value; also the cake can be used as feed for animals. The crop can trim the import bill of edible oil. It takes only 130 days to reach maturity with comparatively less cost and highly divined in sense of plentiful yield. Thus breeders are trying to produce good quality accessions that may also fulfil the need of quantity where climate change is also the main issue. The present research was conducted at the Raja wala farm situated near the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during the year 2020–21. Twenty accessions of sunflower were sown in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. From each line, five plants were tested to check the genetic variability, correlation coefficient analysis for different morphological characters and yield-related traits of sunflower. The data of quantitative traits were recorded i.e. plant height (cm), the number of leaves/plant, head diameter (cm), internodal length (cm), leaf area (cm), 100 seed weight (g), total yield per plant (%), oil content (%) and protein content (%). Analysis of variance and mean comparisons of sunflower accessions had highly significant differences for all traits. Most of the character’s ranges are comparable with the ranges found in the literature. The accession G-32 showed good performance for oil content, protein content and head diameter. So, this breeding material can be used in the breeding program for the enhancement of sunflower yield. The accessions G-38, G-28 and G-32 showed good performance for total seed weight, 100 seed weight, oil content and protein content.
{"title":"Correlation studies among morphological and yield-related traits in sunflower","authors":"Maham Chaudhary, Zainab Tahir, Saba Zulfiqar, A. Tahir","doi":"10.1515/helia-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/helia-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pakistan is in dire need of an oil and oil-based products For this, the prime objective is to pay serious attention to oilseed crops and mainly towards sunflower because the oil is of very good quality in terms of nutrition value; also the cake can be used as feed for animals. The crop can trim the import bill of edible oil. It takes only 130 days to reach maturity with comparatively less cost and highly divined in sense of plentiful yield. Thus breeders are trying to produce good quality accessions that may also fulfil the need of quantity where climate change is also the main issue. The present research was conducted at the Raja wala farm situated near the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during the year 2020–21. Twenty accessions of sunflower were sown in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. From each line, five plants were tested to check the genetic variability, correlation coefficient analysis for different morphological characters and yield-related traits of sunflower. The data of quantitative traits were recorded i.e. plant height (cm), the number of leaves/plant, head diameter (cm), internodal length (cm), leaf area (cm), 100 seed weight (g), total yield per plant (%), oil content (%) and protein content (%). Analysis of variance and mean comparisons of sunflower accessions had highly significant differences for all traits. Most of the character’s ranges are comparable with the ranges found in the literature. The accession G-32 showed good performance for oil content, protein content and head diameter. So, this breeding material can be used in the breeding program for the enhancement of sunflower yield. The accessions G-38, G-28 and G-32 showed good performance for total seed weight, 100 seed weight, oil content and protein content.","PeriodicalId":39086,"journal":{"name":"Helia","volume":"45 1","pages":"115 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44033792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Arslan Yousaf, N. Akhtar, S. Gul, U. Saleem, T. Mahmood, A. Aziz, M. Asif, N. Raza
Abstract Oil content and other yield contributing metric traits are highly influenced by environmental conditions hence, the phenotype of a trait is a response of interaction between environment and genetic makeup of crop. Climate change is one of the major challenge faced by growers nowadays because it adversely affects the growth and development of sunflower and ultimately reduce oil content. Therefore, keeping in view the challenge of climate change, the present research was conducted during 2019, to evaluate the performance of 28 sunflower hybrids under normal and terminal heat stress conditions at the research farms of the College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-Pakistan. Pakistan. Data were recorded on days to 100% flowering, stem girth (cm), head diameter (cm), 100-achene weight (g) and oil contents (%). Analysis of variance revealed the presence of genetic diversity among 28 hybrids for all the traits under consideration. Irrespective of traits, the mean square revealed the role of experimental error was minimum than the environment, genotype and their interaction (G × E). The environmental influence was found to be 68.94, 49.99, 53.94% for days to 100% flowering, stem girth (cm) and 100-achene weight (g), respectively. However, genotypes play a major source of variation for head diameter (cm) and oil content (%). Oil content has a significant positive correlation with traits under study. Based on mean performance under normal and terminal heat stress conditions hybrid SF-19033 and SF-19028 performed best for yield contributing traits and adoptable under the environmental conditions of Sargodha-Pakistan.
{"title":"Genotype by environment interaction and association of yield contributing traits in sunflower genotypes under the environmental condition of Sargodha, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Arslan Yousaf, N. Akhtar, S. Gul, U. Saleem, T. Mahmood, A. Aziz, M. Asif, N. Raza","doi":"10.1515/helia-2021-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/helia-2021-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Oil content and other yield contributing metric traits are highly influenced by environmental conditions hence, the phenotype of a trait is a response of interaction between environment and genetic makeup of crop. Climate change is one of the major challenge faced by growers nowadays because it adversely affects the growth and development of sunflower and ultimately reduce oil content. Therefore, keeping in view the challenge of climate change, the present research was conducted during 2019, to evaluate the performance of 28 sunflower hybrids under normal and terminal heat stress conditions at the research farms of the College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-Pakistan. Pakistan. Data were recorded on days to 100% flowering, stem girth (cm), head diameter (cm), 100-achene weight (g) and oil contents (%). Analysis of variance revealed the presence of genetic diversity among 28 hybrids for all the traits under consideration. Irrespective of traits, the mean square revealed the role of experimental error was minimum than the environment, genotype and their interaction (G × E). The environmental influence was found to be 68.94, 49.99, 53.94% for days to 100% flowering, stem girth (cm) and 100-achene weight (g), respectively. However, genotypes play a major source of variation for head diameter (cm) and oil content (%). Oil content has a significant positive correlation with traits under study. Based on mean performance under normal and terminal heat stress conditions hybrid SF-19033 and SF-19028 performed best for yield contributing traits and adoptable under the environmental conditions of Sargodha-Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":39086,"journal":{"name":"Helia","volume":"45 1","pages":"55 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43460051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manish Sharma, Shadakshari Yediyur Gavisiddaiah, A. M. Rao, S. Ramesh
Abstract The present investigation is directed at improving sunflower using hybrids having diverse cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) sources from Helianthus annuus and H. argophyllus. The aim is to develop and identify promising lines and hybrids with a high combining ability and to obtain highly productive oilseed sunflower hybrids having diverse CMS sources. Five diversified CMS lines and 10 testers were crossed in a line × tester mating design to develop 50 F1 hybrids for genetic analysis. The pooled analysis of variance revealed significant differences among hybrids for the traits studied. The mean squares of lines and testers from crosses and GCA variance components revealed the prevalence of additive variances and additive gene action. The mean squares of lines × tester interactions were also significant for all the traits considered. The significance of lines × tester interactions and SCA variance components indicated that SCA is also important in the expression of traits and demonstrated the role of dominant and epistatic genes in controlling the various traits. Among the diverse CMS lines, ARG-6-3-1-4was identified as the best general combiner for stem diameter, volume weight, seed yield, hull content and oil content. While, the line ARG-2-1-2 was the best general combiner for days to 50 per cent flowering, head diameter, 100 seed weight and seed filling per cent. The tester M17-R was observed to be the best general combiner for earliness and volume weight, while RHA 93 was the best general combiner for plant height, seed yield and oil content. The crossMUT-2-8-3-2 × GKVK 3 was found to be a good specific combiner for stem diameter, 100 seed weight, seed yield, seed filling percentage and oil content while, ARG-6-3-1-4 × GKVK 3 was a good specific combiner for days to 50% flowering, plant height and 100 seed weight. The highest standard heterosis for seed yield was observed in the hybrid MUT-2-8-3-2 × GKVK 3 followed by ARG-2-1-2 × LTRR 822 while for oil content the highest was seen in the cross ARG-6-3-1-4 × RHA95-C-1 and thus these hybrids can be exploited for sunflower improvement and diversifying the cytoplasmic male sterile sources of this valuable oilseed crop.
{"title":"Utilization of wild species for diversifying the cytoplasmic male sterility source of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids","authors":"Manish Sharma, Shadakshari Yediyur Gavisiddaiah, A. M. Rao, S. Ramesh","doi":"10.1515/helia-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/helia-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present investigation is directed at improving sunflower using hybrids having diverse cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) sources from Helianthus annuus and H. argophyllus. The aim is to develop and identify promising lines and hybrids with a high combining ability and to obtain highly productive oilseed sunflower hybrids having diverse CMS sources. Five diversified CMS lines and 10 testers were crossed in a line × tester mating design to develop 50 F1 hybrids for genetic analysis. The pooled analysis of variance revealed significant differences among hybrids for the traits studied. The mean squares of lines and testers from crosses and GCA variance components revealed the prevalence of additive variances and additive gene action. The mean squares of lines × tester interactions were also significant for all the traits considered. The significance of lines × tester interactions and SCA variance components indicated that SCA is also important in the expression of traits and demonstrated the role of dominant and epistatic genes in controlling the various traits. Among the diverse CMS lines, ARG-6-3-1-4was identified as the best general combiner for stem diameter, volume weight, seed yield, hull content and oil content. While, the line ARG-2-1-2 was the best general combiner for days to 50 per cent flowering, head diameter, 100 seed weight and seed filling per cent. The tester M17-R was observed to be the best general combiner for earliness and volume weight, while RHA 93 was the best general combiner for plant height, seed yield and oil content. The crossMUT-2-8-3-2 × GKVK 3 was found to be a good specific combiner for stem diameter, 100 seed weight, seed yield, seed filling percentage and oil content while, ARG-6-3-1-4 × GKVK 3 was a good specific combiner for days to 50% flowering, plant height and 100 seed weight. The highest standard heterosis for seed yield was observed in the hybrid MUT-2-8-3-2 × GKVK 3 followed by ARG-2-1-2 × LTRR 822 while for oil content the highest was seen in the cross ARG-6-3-1-4 × RHA95-C-1 and thus these hybrids can be exploited for sunflower improvement and diversifying the cytoplasmic male sterile sources of this valuable oilseed crop.","PeriodicalId":39086,"journal":{"name":"Helia","volume":"45 1","pages":"71 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42039486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shoaib Anwar Kohli, S. Rauf, M. Khalid, Wardah Kainat, Jakub Paderweski, H. Munir, Ali Hassan, I. R. Noorka, Imtiaz Akram Khan Niazi
Abstract Weed infestation induces intense competition with the sunflower crop for soil nutrients, space and light causing significant yield losses of the sunflower. Therefore, study was undertaken during the year 2013–15 at College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan to determine the effect of Cyperus rotundus infestation on various morphological and biochemical traits. Initially a screening experiment was carried out to screen against C. rotundus infestation. Later on, cross combinations of selected cytoplasmic male sterile and restorer lines were attempted to develop F1 progenies which were compared with commercial hybrids along with parents. There were 6 parental lines (3 A and 3 R lines) along with 9 single cross combinations obtained from these parents. Experiment was carried out in complete randomized design having factorial arrangement with three replications. Weed in one of regime latter called as control were completely absent, while in weed infestation regimes 5 and 10 plants of C. rotundus were maintained. Results showed that C. rotundus infestation causes significant damage to the sunflower plants. Generally cross combination showed a decrease of leaf area by 440% and 264%, 61% and 49% for chlorophyll contents, 133% and 191% for head weight under low and high weed infestation regime respectively. However, antioxidant activity increased by 44% and 49% under low and high infestation regime induced by C. rotundus. Sunflower genotypes also showed variability in competitive ability against C. rotundus weed. Cross combinations coded as (A10, A7 and A2) showed lower comparative decrease for seed yield and oil contents when compared with standard hybrids under the presence of C. rotundus. Development of sunflower hybrids with better competitive ability under the presence of weeds such as C. rotundus may able to enhance plant development and lower yield losses in sunflower field with minimum the use of herbicide.
{"title":"Competitive ability of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) breeding material under Cyperus rotundus infestation","authors":"Shoaib Anwar Kohli, S. Rauf, M. Khalid, Wardah Kainat, Jakub Paderweski, H. Munir, Ali Hassan, I. R. Noorka, Imtiaz Akram Khan Niazi","doi":"10.1515/helia-2021-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/helia-2021-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Weed infestation induces intense competition with the sunflower crop for soil nutrients, space and light causing significant yield losses of the sunflower. Therefore, study was undertaken during the year 2013–15 at College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan to determine the effect of Cyperus rotundus infestation on various morphological and biochemical traits. Initially a screening experiment was carried out to screen against C. rotundus infestation. Later on, cross combinations of selected cytoplasmic male sterile and restorer lines were attempted to develop F1 progenies which were compared with commercial hybrids along with parents. There were 6 parental lines (3 A and 3 R lines) along with 9 single cross combinations obtained from these parents. Experiment was carried out in complete randomized design having factorial arrangement with three replications. Weed in one of regime latter called as control were completely absent, while in weed infestation regimes 5 and 10 plants of C. rotundus were maintained. Results showed that C. rotundus infestation causes significant damage to the sunflower plants. Generally cross combination showed a decrease of leaf area by 440% and 264%, 61% and 49% for chlorophyll contents, 133% and 191% for head weight under low and high weed infestation regime respectively. However, antioxidant activity increased by 44% and 49% under low and high infestation regime induced by C. rotundus. Sunflower genotypes also showed variability in competitive ability against C. rotundus weed. Cross combinations coded as (A10, A7 and A2) showed lower comparative decrease for seed yield and oil contents when compared with standard hybrids under the presence of C. rotundus. Development of sunflower hybrids with better competitive ability under the presence of weeds such as C. rotundus may able to enhance plant development and lower yield losses in sunflower field with minimum the use of herbicide.","PeriodicalId":39086,"journal":{"name":"Helia","volume":"45 1","pages":"41 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45399339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The study represents a review of the evolution of the parasitic plant Orobanche cumana Wallr. and current racial status in some sunflower cultivating countries. Identification of racial status of broomrape populations belonging to eight sunflower cultivating countries from Europe and Asia (Republic of Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Spain, Turkey, Serbia and China) revealed the presence of high virulent races G and H in the majority of countries, except Serbia, where accessions belonging to race E or less virulent than E were found. The most virulent race H was identified particularly in the Black Sea area (Romania, Ukraine and Turkey). Additionally, the emergence of new biotypes characterized by high virulence, overcoming the resistance genes to race H was observed in some areas of the Republic of Moldova, Romania and Turkey, which signifies the importance of periodic evaluations of racial status for the prevention of occurrence and dissemination of new races. Analyzing the occurrence chronology of broomrape races in different countries we conclude that by the mid-1990s, the state of play was relatively stable, the most aggressive race being E. After this period the process of O. cumana development and appearance of new more aggressive and virulent biotypes became faster, which may be explained by the intensification of sunflower breeding activities and, respectively by the selection pressure exerted on the parasite by new resistant hybrids.
{"title":"Racial status of Orobanche cumana Wallr. in some countries other the world","authors":"M. Duca, S. Clapco, M. Joița-Păcureanu","doi":"10.1515/helia-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/helia-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study represents a review of the evolution of the parasitic plant Orobanche cumana Wallr. and current racial status in some sunflower cultivating countries. Identification of racial status of broomrape populations belonging to eight sunflower cultivating countries from Europe and Asia (Republic of Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Spain, Turkey, Serbia and China) revealed the presence of high virulent races G and H in the majority of countries, except Serbia, where accessions belonging to race E or less virulent than E were found. The most virulent race H was identified particularly in the Black Sea area (Romania, Ukraine and Turkey). Additionally, the emergence of new biotypes characterized by high virulence, overcoming the resistance genes to race H was observed in some areas of the Republic of Moldova, Romania and Turkey, which signifies the importance of periodic evaluations of racial status for the prevention of occurrence and dissemination of new races. Analyzing the occurrence chronology of broomrape races in different countries we conclude that by the mid-1990s, the state of play was relatively stable, the most aggressive race being E. After this period the process of O. cumana development and appearance of new more aggressive and virulent biotypes became faster, which may be explained by the intensification of sunflower breeding activities and, respectively by the selection pressure exerted on the parasite by new resistant hybrids.","PeriodicalId":39086,"journal":{"name":"Helia","volume":"45 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49020438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Gontcharov, T. Korotkova, N. Goloschapova, A. Nesmyslenov
Abstract Shuttle breeding is a breeding system where generations undergo sequential evaluations at different locations, developed by N. Borlaug. Our study aims to demonstrate an opportunity of application shuttle breeding method in sunflower lines development and also to show its advantages and disadvantages. Experiments were mainly conducted at the Central Station (Krasnodar) of All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK). Krasnodar region is situated in the Southern part of Russia near the Black Sea. Part of our work was made at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (Karaj, Iran) and Experimental Station near Borozdjan (Busher Province of Iran). Released and experimental sunflower hybrids and lines of VNIIMK breeding were used as a material. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. Each replication had four rows and two central rows were analyzed only to exclude the border effect. It is shown that the application of the shuttle breeding technique to sunflower was highly successful and results in elite line development.
{"title":"Shuttle breeding in sunflower lines development","authors":"S. Gontcharov, T. Korotkova, N. Goloschapova, A. Nesmyslenov","doi":"10.1515/helia-2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/helia-2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Shuttle breeding is a breeding system where generations undergo sequential evaluations at different locations, developed by N. Borlaug. Our study aims to demonstrate an opportunity of application shuttle breeding method in sunflower lines development and also to show its advantages and disadvantages. Experiments were mainly conducted at the Central Station (Krasnodar) of All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK). Krasnodar region is situated in the Southern part of Russia near the Black Sea. Part of our work was made at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (Karaj, Iran) and Experimental Station near Borozdjan (Busher Province of Iran). Released and experimental sunflower hybrids and lines of VNIIMK breeding were used as a material. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. Each replication had four rows and two central rows were analyzed only to exclude the border effect. It is shown that the application of the shuttle breeding technique to sunflower was highly successful and results in elite line development.","PeriodicalId":39086,"journal":{"name":"Helia","volume":"44 1","pages":"125 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46260740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Babych, M. Kuchuk, Yaroslava Sharipina, M. Pariĭ, Yaroslav Parii, Irina Borovska, Y. Symonenko
Abstract The sunflower is a strategically important oil crop. Every year the area under this crop grows, and the rapid returning of sunflowers back to the fields provokes the formation of new more aggressive races of broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.). Broomrape is a parasite that interferes with the normal development of sunflower and can lead to significant crop losses. For creating a sunflower hybrid (F1) it is needed to cross the parental components, which have a complex of important traits, among which there is a resistance to the herbicides and a broomrape. Considering that the creation of each of the components of the hybrid involves many years of painstaking work in the breeding process, modern approaches and methods are used to accelerate the creation of a new source material. Thus, using the technology of cultivating immature embryos in vitro culture, it is possible to reduce the time to create lines resistant to herbicides, for example. And during selection for resistance to pathogenic organisms, testing is most often used against an artificial infectious background, both in the field and in laboratory conditions, in order to differentiate the material on this basis. The aim of this work was to establish the effectiveness system when creating an initial breeding material resistant to herbicides and broomrape. As a result of testing the lines on an artificial infectious background, was identified plants which have high resistance to the G-race broomrape and were isolated from hybrid combinations resistant to tribenuron-methyl and imidazolinones. Thus, among the analyzed plants which are resistant to tribenuron‐methyl, four lines were isolated, which are highly resistant to the G-race broomrape from a hybrid combinations BH0118/SURES–2 (101/1, 101/4, 101/6, 101/7), and BH0318/SURES–2 (101/21, 101/24, 101/28, 101/30), and five lines (101/11, 101/12, 101/16, 101/17, 101/18) from a hybrid combination BH0218/SURES–2. Among imidazolinone-resistant sunflower lines – line 3 was isolated as highly resistant to the G-race broomrape.
{"title":"Efficiency of selection–biotechnological system of selection for creation of breeding source material of sunflower resistant to herbicides and broomrape","authors":"V. Babych, M. Kuchuk, Yaroslava Sharipina, M. Pariĭ, Yaroslav Parii, Irina Borovska, Y. Symonenko","doi":"10.1515/helia-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/helia-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The sunflower is a strategically important oil crop. Every year the area under this crop grows, and the rapid returning of sunflowers back to the fields provokes the formation of new more aggressive races of broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.). Broomrape is a parasite that interferes with the normal development of sunflower and can lead to significant crop losses. For creating a sunflower hybrid (F1) it is needed to cross the parental components, which have a complex of important traits, among which there is a resistance to the herbicides and a broomrape. Considering that the creation of each of the components of the hybrid involves many years of painstaking work in the breeding process, modern approaches and methods are used to accelerate the creation of a new source material. Thus, using the technology of cultivating immature embryos in vitro culture, it is possible to reduce the time to create lines resistant to herbicides, for example. And during selection for resistance to pathogenic organisms, testing is most often used against an artificial infectious background, both in the field and in laboratory conditions, in order to differentiate the material on this basis. The aim of this work was to establish the effectiveness system when creating an initial breeding material resistant to herbicides and broomrape. As a result of testing the lines on an artificial infectious background, was identified plants which have high resistance to the G-race broomrape and were isolated from hybrid combinations resistant to tribenuron-methyl and imidazolinones. Thus, among the analyzed plants which are resistant to tribenuron‐methyl, four lines were isolated, which are highly resistant to the G-race broomrape from a hybrid combinations BH0118/SURES–2 (101/1, 101/4, 101/6, 101/7), and BH0318/SURES–2 (101/21, 101/24, 101/28, 101/30), and five lines (101/11, 101/12, 101/16, 101/17, 101/18) from a hybrid combination BH0218/SURES–2. Among imidazolinone-resistant sunflower lines – line 3 was isolated as highly resistant to the G-race broomrape.","PeriodicalId":39086,"journal":{"name":"Helia","volume":"44 1","pages":"131 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44044203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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