Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v42i3.47435
Bibhooti Shahi, Shreejana Singh, D. Joshi, A. Maharjan
Introduction: Menstruation is a natural phenomenon unique to women and menstrual hygiene is fundamental to the wellbeing of women and girls. Menstruation is the process of periodic discharge from the female genital tract due to hormonal influence and takes place within the interval of 28 days. The objective of the study was to find out knowledge, attitude and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls of the Government school. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out among 100 adolescent girls attending selected schools of Birgunj, Nepal using pretested self-administered questionnaires. Proportional Stratified Sampling was used. During data collection privacy and confidentiality was ensured. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 through descriptive statistical methods and inferential statistical methods. Results: This study revealed that majority of the girls (32%) have good knowledge, 93% have good attitude and 23% girls have good practice. There was significant association (p < 0.05) between the level of practice and age of menarche but there was no any significant association (p < 0.05) between level of knowledge and attitude with selected variables regarding menstrual hygiene. Conclusions: This study concludes that though the majority of the girls have, good attitude, many have poor knowledge and practice about menstrual hygiene.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Menstrual Hygiene Among Girls of Government School","authors":"Bibhooti Shahi, Shreejana Singh, D. Joshi, A. Maharjan","doi":"10.3126/jnps.v42i3.47435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v42i3.47435","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Menstruation is a natural phenomenon unique to women and menstrual hygiene is fundamental to the wellbeing of women and girls. Menstruation is the process of periodic discharge from the female genital tract due to hormonal influence and takes place within the interval of 28 days. The objective of the study was to find out knowledge, attitude and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls of the Government school.\u0000Methods: A descriptive study was carried out among 100 adolescent girls attending selected schools of Birgunj, Nepal using pretested self-administered questionnaires. Proportional Stratified Sampling was used. During data collection privacy and confidentiality was ensured. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 through descriptive statistical methods and inferential statistical methods.\u0000Results: This study revealed that majority of the girls (32%) have good knowledge, 93% have good attitude and 23% girls have good practice. There was significant association (p < 0.05) between the level of practice and age of menarche but there was no any significant association (p < 0.05) between level of knowledge and attitude with selected variables regarding menstrual hygiene.\u0000Conclusions: This study concludes that though the majority of the girls have, good attitude, many have poor knowledge and practice about menstrual hygiene.","PeriodicalId":39140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43859375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ataxia means impaired co-ordination of voluntary muscle movement. It is a physical finding, not a disease and the underlying etiology needs to be investigated. It can be the patient’s presenting complaint or a component among other presenting symptoms. Cerebellar dysfunction or impaired vestibular or proprioceptive input to cerebellum can cause ataxia. Though there are several etiologies post infectious ataxia is the most common one in children. But other rare etiologies of ataxia should also be considered based on the clinical presentation. We try to emphasise on this point by presenting a case of post traumatic cerebellar ataxia – a rare entity in children.
{"title":"Post Traumatic Cerebellar Ataxia – A Least Pondered Diagnosis: A Case Report","authors":"Sridhar Shobana, Krishnakumar Revathi, Thirunavukkarasu Bharath Kumar","doi":"10.3126/jnps.v42i2.42915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v42i2.42915","url":null,"abstract":"Ataxia means impaired co-ordination of voluntary muscle movement. It is a physical finding, not a disease and the underlying etiology needs to be investigated. It can be the patient’s presenting complaint or a component among other presenting symptoms. Cerebellar dysfunction or impaired vestibular or proprioceptive input to cerebellum can cause ataxia. Though there are several etiologies post infectious ataxia is the most common one in children. But other rare etiologies of ataxia should also be considered based on the clinical presentation. We try to emphasise on this point by presenting a case of post traumatic cerebellar ataxia – a rare entity in children.","PeriodicalId":39140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43455139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v42i2.44272
S. Patidar, P. Baghel, N. Bajaj
Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is the leading cause of death in developing country like India and we need early diagnosis and treatment to prevent mortality so we require better diagnostic marker for sepsis. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a measure of average platelet volume which represents inflammatory burden of disease. In our study MPV rises in septic neonates significantly and can be helpful to diagnose sepsis early with other blood counts. Methods: This case-control study was done on 500 newborns, out of which 452 included in study are classified into two groups that is group A (n = 226): apparently healthy neonates, group B (n = 226): diagnosed with neonatal sepsis by septic screening positive. All patients in the study were go through adequate valuation of their history, clinical examination, complete blood count including MPV, C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood culture. Results: Septic neonates showed statistically higher values of MPV than the control group. The diagnostic cut-off value of MPV NS was 10.2 fl. Conclusions: MPV which is a platelet index obtained from complete blood count can be used an additional marker along with established septic screen to ensure early diagnosis in neonatal sepsis.
{"title":"Mean Platelet Volume as a Marker of Sepsis in Newborn","authors":"S. Patidar, P. Baghel, N. Bajaj","doi":"10.3126/jnps.v42i2.44272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v42i2.44272","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is the leading cause of death in developing country like India and we need early diagnosis and treatment to prevent mortality so we require better diagnostic marker for sepsis. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a measure of average platelet volume which represents inflammatory burden of disease. In our study MPV rises in septic neonates significantly and can be helpful to diagnose sepsis early with other blood counts.\u0000 Methods: This case-control study was done on 500 newborns, out of which 452 included in study are classified into two groups that is group A (n = 226): apparently healthy neonates, group B (n = 226): diagnosed with neonatal sepsis by septic screening positive. All patients in the study were go through adequate valuation of their history, clinical examination, complete blood count including MPV, C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood culture.\u0000Results: Septic neonates showed statistically higher values of MPV than the control group. The diagnostic cut-off value of MPV NS was 10.2 fl.\u0000Conclusions: MPV which is a platelet index obtained from complete blood count can be used an additional marker along with established septic screen to ensure early diagnosis in neonatal sepsis.","PeriodicalId":39140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45996014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v42i2.41521
Arvind Kumar, H. Arora, V. Marwah, S. Mishra, Akhil K Ravi, D. Kalra, S. Shaw
Introduction: We aimed to characterize epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and to evaluate relationship of cycle threshold value (CT value) of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test (As surrogate marker of viral load) with patient age and severity of infection. Methods: We retrospectively collected data of children and adolescents admitted in our center from April 2020 to July 2020 with positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Results: Total 62 children, with median (IQR) of age 96 (54 - 122) months and 39 adolescents with median (IQR) of age 19.5 (18.2 - 20) years were included. 56 (90%) children and 34 (87%) adolescents had history of SARSCoV-2 positive cases in their family. Only nine (14%) children had associated risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fever was the commonest symptom which was present in 24 (39%) children and 16 (41%) adolescents. Cough was present in 17 (27%) children and 10 (26%) adolescents. Diarrhea was found in 14 (23%) children and three (8%) adolescents. CT values of RT-PCR test were similar in children and adolescence (p = 0.48). However, asymptomatic children had higher CT values than symptomatic children (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Majority of children have asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection with similar CT values in children and adolescents.
{"title":"Pediatric Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Clinical Characteristics and Cycle Threshold Value (CT value) of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) of Nasopharyngeal Samples","authors":"Arvind Kumar, H. Arora, V. Marwah, S. Mishra, Akhil K Ravi, D. Kalra, S. Shaw","doi":"10.3126/jnps.v42i2.41521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v42i2.41521","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: We aimed to characterize epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and to evaluate relationship of cycle threshold value (CT value) of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test (As surrogate marker of viral load) with patient age and severity of infection.\u0000Methods: We retrospectively collected data of children and adolescents admitted in our center from April 2020 to July 2020 with positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2.\u0000Results: Total 62 children, with median (IQR) of age 96 (54 - 122) months and 39 adolescents with median (IQR) of age 19.5 (18.2 - 20) years were included. 56 (90%) children and 34 (87%) adolescents had history of SARSCoV-2 positive cases in their family. Only nine (14%) children had associated risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fever was the commonest symptom which was present in 24 (39%) children and 16 (41%) adolescents. Cough was present in 17 (27%) children and 10 (26%) adolescents. Diarrhea was found in 14 (23%) children and three (8%) adolescents. CT values of RT-PCR test were similar in children and adolescence (p = 0.48). However, asymptomatic children had higher CT values than symptomatic children (p = 0.01).\u0000Conclusions: Majority of children have asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection with similar CT values in children and adolescents.","PeriodicalId":39140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43022057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v42i2.37969
N. Lamichhane, Kamala Upreti, Saraswati Shrestha, Mary Pradhan, B. Bhandari
Introduction: Childhood asthma is one of the most common non-communicable chronic pulmonary diseases of children and causes considerable morbidity. Prevalence of childhood asthma has grown dramatically in developed as well as developing countries. The objective of the study was to find out the factors associated with childhood asthma among children attending Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study design was adopted and 152 parents were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using pre tested structured with an interview schedule after permission from concerned authorities. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistic with SPSS IBM 16. Results: The finding of the study revealed that various factors were associated with childhood asthma. Among child related factors, age of children 6 years and above (p-value = < 0.001, OR = 4.190, 95% CI: 1.814 - 9.678), absence of exclusive breast feeding (p-value = 0.021, OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.062 - 4.351), history of recurrent allergy and rhinitis (p-value 0.049, OR = 1.9117, 95% CI: .953 - 3.856) and influenza vaccine (p-value = 0.001, OR = 3.714 95% CI:1.691-8.157) and in maternal factors, history of asthma in mother (p-value = 0.002, OR = 13.662, 95% CI:1.729 - 107.994), and on environmental factors, presence of dampness at home (p-value = 0.001, OR = 3.7142, 95% CI: 1.5584 - 9.3408) were found to have significant association with childhood asthma. Conclusions: It could be concluded that 50.7% of children were diagnosed as asthma. Several factors were associated with childhood asthma. Children age 6 years and above, lack of exclusive breast feeding, history of recurrent allergy and rhinitis and presence of dampness at home, maternal history of asthma and seeking of influenza vaccine were found significant association with childhood asthma.
{"title":"Childhood Asthma and its Associated Factors Among Children Attending a Tertiary Level Hospital Kathmandu","authors":"N. Lamichhane, Kamala Upreti, Saraswati Shrestha, Mary Pradhan, B. Bhandari","doi":"10.3126/jnps.v42i2.37969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v42i2.37969","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Childhood asthma is one of the most common non-communicable chronic pulmonary diseases of children and causes considerable morbidity. Prevalence of childhood asthma has grown dramatically in developed as well as developing countries. The objective of the study was to find out the factors associated with childhood asthma among children attending Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.\u0000Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study design was adopted and 152 parents were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using pre tested structured with an interview schedule after permission from concerned authorities. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistic with SPSS IBM 16.\u0000Results: The finding of the study revealed that various factors were associated with childhood asthma. Among child related factors, age of children 6 years and above (p-value = < 0.001, OR = 4.190, 95% CI: 1.814 - 9.678), absence of exclusive breast feeding (p-value = 0.021, OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.062 - 4.351), history of recurrent allergy and rhinitis (p-value 0.049, OR = 1.9117, 95% CI: .953 - 3.856) and influenza vaccine (p-value = 0.001, OR = 3.714 95% CI:1.691-8.157) and in maternal factors, history of asthma in mother (p-value = 0.002, OR = 13.662, 95% CI:1.729 - 107.994), and on environmental factors, presence of dampness at home (p-value = 0.001, OR = 3.7142, 95% CI: 1.5584 - 9.3408) were found to have significant association with childhood asthma.\u0000Conclusions: It could be concluded that 50.7% of children were diagnosed as asthma. Several factors were associated with childhood asthma. Children age 6 years and above, lack of exclusive breast feeding, history of recurrent allergy and rhinitis and presence of dampness at home, maternal history of asthma and seeking of influenza vaccine were found significant association with childhood asthma.","PeriodicalId":39140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47053475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v42i2.41457
B. Shrestha, N. Subedi, Namrata KC Thapa, A. Bhattarai
Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the major determinants of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The survival and outcomes of LBW infants varied from hospital to hospital within a country. The objective of the study is to identify the clinical patterns and hospital outcome of LBW babies in a Tertiary care centre, Pokhara. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital after taking ethical approval from the institutional review board. Data on all the LBW babies admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from 15th May 2019 to 16th October 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Data entered in excel and descriptive analysis were done in SPSS version 25. Results: Of 198 LBW babies, 120 (60.6%) were males and 78 (39.4%) females. Mean birth weight was 1.67 kg (± 0.42 SD), median 1.7 kg, ranging from 0.6 kg to 2.4 kg. Mean gestational age was 32.86 weeks (± 2.72 SD) and median was 33 weeks. 187 (94.4%) were preterm and 11 (5.6%) term. By birth weight, 17 (8.6%) were found to be ELBW, 53 (26.8%) VLBW and 128 (64.6%) LBW. 143 (72.2%) were AGA, 54(27.2%) SGA and one was LGA. Hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal sepsis and hypoglycemia were common problems encountered in NICU. Inadequate ANC, premature rupture of membrane, and low hemoglobin were the common maternal factors for LBW babies. Conclusions: Prematurity was the major cause of LBW and majority were male babies. LBW babies had relatively more problems in NICU.
{"title":"Clinical Patterns and Outcome of Low Birth Weight Babies Admitted in NICU Tertiary Hospital of Western Nepal","authors":"B. Shrestha, N. Subedi, Namrata KC Thapa, A. Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/jnps.v42i2.41457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v42i2.41457","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the major determinants of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The survival and outcomes of LBW infants varied from hospital to hospital within a country. The objective of the study is to identify the clinical patterns and hospital outcome of LBW babies in a Tertiary care centre, Pokhara.\u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital after taking ethical approval from the institutional review board. Data on all the LBW babies admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from 15th May 2019 to 16th October 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Data entered in excel and descriptive analysis were done in SPSS version 25.\u0000Results: Of 198 LBW babies, 120 (60.6%) were males and 78 (39.4%) females. Mean birth weight was 1.67 kg (± 0.42 SD), median 1.7 kg, ranging from 0.6 kg to 2.4 kg. Mean gestational age was 32.86 weeks (± 2.72 SD) and median was 33 weeks. 187 (94.4%) were preterm and 11 (5.6%) term. By birth weight, 17 (8.6%) were found to be ELBW, 53 (26.8%) VLBW and 128 (64.6%) LBW. 143 (72.2%) were AGA, 54(27.2%) SGA and one was LGA. Hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal sepsis and hypoglycemia were common problems encountered in NICU. Inadequate ANC, premature rupture of membrane, and low hemoglobin were the common maternal factors for LBW babies.\u0000 Conclusions: Prematurity was the major cause of LBW and majority were male babies. LBW babies had relatively more problems in NICU.","PeriodicalId":39140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46000360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v42i2.41608
B. Yadav, Richa, Shikha Sadadiwala, Manimukta Singh
Tuberculosis is a serious public health issue in developing countries. Hypercalcemia, though reported in granulomatous disease, is mild and asymptomatic in tuberculosis. A 16 year old girl female presented with significant weight loss, loss of appetite and on examination hepatosplenomegaly. Ultrasound abdomen (USG) showed mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly with mild ascites. We report an unusual case of hypercalcemia with renal injury due to abdominal tuberculosis in an immunocompetent female.
{"title":"Acute Kidney Injury Secondary to Abdominal Tuberculosis: A Diagnostic Dilemma - A Case Report","authors":"B. Yadav, Richa, Shikha Sadadiwala, Manimukta Singh","doi":"10.3126/jnps.v42i2.41608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v42i2.41608","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is a serious public health issue in developing countries. Hypercalcemia, though reported in granulomatous disease, is mild and asymptomatic in tuberculosis. A 16 year old girl female presented with significant weight loss, loss of appetite and on examination hepatosplenomegaly. Ultrasound abdomen (USG) showed mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly with mild ascites. We report an unusual case of hypercalcemia with renal injury due to abdominal tuberculosis in an immunocompetent female.","PeriodicalId":39140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46092538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v42i3.46894
M. Shrestha, J. Agrawal, B. Rai, S. Chaudhary
Trisomy 21 is the most common chromosomal abnormality in paediatric population, and the most common cause of intellectual disability. The most common endocrine disease in these population is hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is rare in patients with Down syndrome, but is likely to be underestimated. Hyperthyroidism treatment strategy is highly important for an undisturbed and balanced development of the children.The objective of this case report is to highlight the importance of hyperthyroidism in Down syndrome which is the rare presentation, to best of our knowledge.
{"title":"Hyperthyroidism in Down’s Syndrome – A Rare Association","authors":"M. Shrestha, J. Agrawal, B. Rai, S. Chaudhary","doi":"10.3126/jnps.v42i3.46894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v42i3.46894","url":null,"abstract":"Trisomy 21 is the most common chromosomal abnormality in paediatric population, and the most common cause of intellectual disability. The most common endocrine disease in these population is hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is rare in patients with Down syndrome, but is likely to be underestimated. Hyperthyroidism treatment strategy is highly important for an undisturbed and balanced development of the children.The objective of this case report is to highlight the importance of hyperthyroidism in Down syndrome which is the rare presentation, to best of our knowledge.","PeriodicalId":39140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46966273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Chest CT is the gold standard method of the diagnostic evaluation of patients with pneumonia. Lung sonography has been lately explored as an alternative modality to decrease radiation hazards. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of lung ultrasonography in detecting paediatric pneumonia at presentation and follow up and comparing findings with chest CT scan. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed at a paediatric hospital from August 2019 to April 2021. We studied 106 children (ages from 45 days to 14 years) referred by the paediatrician with clinical data of pneumonia. All children underwent CT chest examination; 90 showed positive, while 16 showed no pneumonia. Ultrasonography was performed on all patients within 24 hours after CT examination. Results: We found that lung ultrasound showed 100% specificity, 82.2%, sensitivity in the diagnosis of paediatric pneumonia, accuracy was 84.9%, positive predictive value was 100% and negative predictive value was 50%. Their sensitivity and specificity are 100% in complicated pneumonia by parapneumonic effusion, empyema, and abscess formation. Conclusions: Chest ultrasound is a simple technique that can be performed in everyday practice, with high specificity and sensitivity compared to a chest CT scan in diagnosis and follow up of pneumonia in the pediatric age group.
{"title":"Diagnostic Ability of Chest Ultrasound in Selective Paediatric Pneumonia Alternative to CT scan: A single-center Comparative Observational Study","authors":"Marwa Kareem Thareeb, Muna Abid Alghani Zghair, Q. Hassan","doi":"10.3126/jnps.v42i3.45120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v42i3.45120","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chest CT is the gold standard method of the diagnostic evaluation of patients with pneumonia. Lung sonography has been lately explored as an alternative modality to decrease radiation hazards. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of lung ultrasonography in detecting paediatric pneumonia at presentation and follow up and comparing findings with chest CT scan.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed at a paediatric hospital from August 2019 to April 2021. We studied 106 children (ages from 45 days to 14 years) referred by the paediatrician with clinical data of pneumonia. All children underwent CT chest examination; 90 showed positive, while 16 showed no pneumonia. Ultrasonography was performed on all patients within 24 hours after CT examination.\u0000Results: We found that lung ultrasound showed 100% specificity, 82.2%, sensitivity in the diagnosis of paediatric pneumonia, accuracy was 84.9%, positive predictive value was 100% and negative predictive value was 50%. Their sensitivity and specificity are 100% in complicated pneumonia by parapneumonic effusion, empyema, and abscess formation.\u0000Conclusions: Chest ultrasound is a simple technique that can be performed in everyday practice, with high specificity and sensitivity compared to a chest CT scan in diagnosis and follow up of pneumonia in the pediatric age group.","PeriodicalId":39140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47545146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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