This review addresses two clinical situations medical practitioners see frequently; in the first scenario an appropriate cost-efficient diagnostic approach is described and in the second situation the uncertainty regarding a therapeutic choice is elucidated.
{"title":"How should we work up a patient with chronic diarrhea and are probiotics therapeutically useful","authors":"W. D. Villiers","doi":"10.4314/SAGR.V7I1.43655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAGR.V7I1.43655","url":null,"abstract":"This review addresses two clinical situations medical practitioners see frequently; in the first scenario an appropriate cost-efficient diagnostic approach is described and in the second situation the uncertainty regarding a therapeutic choice is elucidated.","PeriodicalId":39144,"journal":{"name":"South African Gastroenterology Review","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70616280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Department of Health (DOH) invited submissions for the purpose of reviewing the National Health Reference Price List (NHRPL). Based on a large sample of the actual costs of specialist and general medical practices, the report calculated dependable and conservative rand conversion factors (“RCF”) for use in generating tariffs for medical services for general practitioners and 18 specialist associations, including SAGES (Gastroenterology). South African Gastroenterology Journal Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 28-29
卫生部(DOH)为审查国家卫生参考价目表(NHRPL)而邀请提交意见。根据对专科和全科医疗实践实际成本的大量样本，该报告计算出可靠和保守的兰特换算系数(RCF)，用于为全科医生和18个专科协会(包括SAGES(胃肠病学))制定医疗服务收费。南非胃肠病学杂志Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 28-29
{"title":"Interim Report for the South African Medical Association. Survey to determine the cost of specialist & general practice services in relation to the National Health Reference Price (NHRPL) 2009","authors":"S. Grobler","doi":"10.4314/SAGR.V6I2.30731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAGR.V6I2.30731","url":null,"abstract":"The Department of Health (DOH) invited submissions for the purpose of reviewing the National Health Reference Price List (NHRPL). Based on a large sample of the actual costs of specialist and general medical practices, the report calculated dependable and conservative rand conversion factors (“RCF”) for use in generating tariffs for medical services for general practitioners and 18 specialist associations, including SAGES (Gastroenterology). South African Gastroenterology Journal Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 28-29","PeriodicalId":39144,"journal":{"name":"South African Gastroenterology Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"28-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70615865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What is the burden of illness in patients with reflux disease in South Africa","authors":"S. Grobler","doi":"10.4314/SAGR.V6I2.30721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAGR.V6I2.30721","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39144,"journal":{"name":"South African Gastroenterology Review","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70615653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most patients with sarcoidosis usually have an abnormal chest radiograph, while nodular lesions of both the liver and the spleen is an unusual manifestation of sarcoidosis.We report a patient with multiple nodular hepatic and splenic hypodense lesions with an unremarkable chest x-ray, and biopsy of the liver revealed sarcoidosis. South African Gastroenterology Journal Vol. 6 (3) 2008: pp. 22-23
大多数结节病患者通常有异常的胸片，而肝脏和脾脏的结节性病变是结节病的不寻常表现。我们报告一位患有肝脏和脾脏多发结节性低密度病变的患者，胸部x线片表现不明显，肝脏活检显示结节病。南非胃肠病学杂志Vol. 6 (3) 2008: pp. 22-23
{"title":"Nodular hepatic and splenic sarcoidosis in a patient with a normal chest radiograph : case report","authors":"R. Morar, N. Seabi, A. Patterson, A. Mahomed","doi":"10.4314/SAGR.V6I3.30749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAGR.V6I3.30749","url":null,"abstract":"Most patients with sarcoidosis usually have an abnormal chest radiograph, while nodular lesions of both the liver and the spleen is an unusual manifestation of sarcoidosis.We report a patient with multiple nodular hepatic and splenic hypodense lesions with an unremarkable chest x-ray, and biopsy of the liver revealed sarcoidosis. South African Gastroenterology Journal Vol. 6 (3) 2008: pp. 22-23","PeriodicalId":39144,"journal":{"name":"South African Gastroenterology Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"22-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70616267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Islam, G. Oosthuizen, A. Ally, G. Laing, S. Thomson
A large left upper quadrant retroperitoneal mass poses diagnostic problems.We present a patient in whom resection was the final arbitrator. South African Gastroenterology Journal Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 6-7
一个大的左上象限腹膜后肿块提出诊断问题。我们提出一个病人，其中切除是最后的仲裁者。南非胃肠病学杂志Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 6-7
{"title":"No sting in the tail? A non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour","authors":"J. Islam, G. Oosthuizen, A. Ally, G. Laing, S. Thomson","doi":"10.4314/SAGR.V6I2.30747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAGR.V6I2.30747","url":null,"abstract":"A large left upper quadrant retroperitoneal mass poses diagnostic problems.We present a patient in whom resection was the final arbitrator. South African Gastroenterology Journal Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 6-7","PeriodicalId":39144,"journal":{"name":"South African Gastroenterology Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"6-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70615954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: A 27-year-old Caucasian male presented in 1977 with heartburn, indigestion and intermittent diarrhea. Treatment with cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine resulted in partial improvement, however, his symptoms persisted. Five years later, the patient underwent a parathyroid adenoma resection after hypercalcemia secondary to hyperparathyroidism.In 1986, multiple ulcers were found during an osophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), performed due to persistent epigastric discomfort. Two years later, he was diagnosed with Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (ZES) and MEN I Syndrome , however, despite treatment with famotidine, his symptoms persisted. In 1991, antisecretory treatment with the proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole, reduced the patient's basal acid output from 3–4 mEq/hr to 0.02–0.08 mEq/hr. In 1994, an EGD revealed multiple duodenal submucosal nodules. In 1997, treatment was switched to lansoprazole. The following year, a mucosal biopsy revealed atrophic gastric mucosa and multiple friable polyps with overlying ulcerations.Multifocal tumors were observed in the setting of endocrine cell hyperplasia and atrophic gastritis. Investigations:CT scan,MRI, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, EGD, endoscopic ultrasonography and gastric analysis. Diagnosis: Carcinoids of the stomach and duodenum with atrophic gastritis and ZES accompanied by MEN I syndrome. Management:Histamine 2-receptor antagonists (cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine) followed by proton pump inhibitor therapy (omeprazole, lansoprazole, and intravenous and oral pantoprazole). South African Gastroenterology Journal Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 9-12
背景:一位27岁的白人男性于1977年以胃灼热、消化不良和间歇性腹泻出现。西咪替丁、雷尼替丁和法莫替丁治疗导致部分改善，然而，他的症状持续存在。5年后，患者在继发于甲状旁腺功能亢进的高钙血症后接受了甲状旁腺瘤切除术。1986年，由于持续的胃脘不适，在食道胃十二指肠镜检查(EGD)中发现多发性溃疡。两年后，他被诊断为Zollinger-Ellison综合征(ZES)和MEN I综合征，然而，尽管使用法莫替丁治疗，他的症状仍然存在。1991年，用质子泵抑制剂奥美拉唑进行抗分泌治疗，将患者的基础酸输出从3-4 mEq/hr降低到0.02-0.08 mEq/hr。1994年，胃肠造影显示十二指肠黏膜下多发结节。1997年，改用兰索拉唑治疗。次年，粘膜活检显示胃粘膜萎缩和多个易碎的息肉，上面有溃疡。内分泌细胞增生、萎缩性胃炎多灶性肿瘤。检查:CT扫描，MRI，生长抑素受体显像，EGD，超声内镜和胃分析。诊断:胃、十二指肠类癌合并萎缩性胃炎、ZES伴MEN I综合征。治疗方法:使用组胺2受体拮抗剂(西咪替丁、雷尼替丁和法莫替丁)，随后使用质子泵抑制剂治疗(奥美拉唑、兰索拉唑、静脉注射和口服泮托拉唑)。南非胃肠病学杂志Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 9-12
{"title":"Carcinoids of the stomach and the duodenum with atrophic gastritis in a patient with","authors":"A. Ibrahim, E. Lew, G. Cortina, J. Pisegna","doi":"10.4314/SAGR.V6I2.30720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAGR.V6I2.30720","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A 27-year-old Caucasian male presented in 1977 with heartburn, indigestion and intermittent diarrhea. Treatment with cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine resulted in partial improvement, however, his symptoms persisted. Five years later, the\u0000patient underwent a parathyroid adenoma resection after hypercalcemia secondary to hyperparathyroidism.In 1986, multiple ulcers were found during an osophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), performed due to persistent epigastric discomfort. Two years later, he was diagnosed with Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (ZES) and MEN I Syndrome , however, despite treatment with famotidine, his symptoms persisted. In 1991, antisecretory treatment with the proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole, reduced the patient's basal acid output from 3–4 mEq/hr to 0.02–0.08 mEq/hr. In 1994, an EGD revealed multiple duodenal submucosal nodules. In 1997, treatment was switched to lansoprazole. The following year, a mucosal biopsy revealed atrophic gastric mucosa and multiple friable polyps with overlying ulcerations.Multifocal tumors were observed in the setting of endocrine cell hyperplasia and atrophic gastritis. Investigations:CT scan,MRI, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, EGD, endoscopic ultrasonography and gastric analysis. Diagnosis: Carcinoids of the stomach and duodenum with atrophic gastritis and ZES accompanied by MEN I syndrome. Management:Histamine 2-receptor antagonists (cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine) followed by proton pump inhibitor therapy (omeprazole, lansoprazole, and intravenous and oral pantoprazole). South African Gastroenterology Journal Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 9-12","PeriodicalId":39144,"journal":{"name":"South African Gastroenterology Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70616040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumour among human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV) infected individuals, but its involvement of the gastrointestinal tract was reported long before the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Although most cases of gastrointestinal KS are asymptomatic, advanced lesions may occasionally result in a severe life-threatening haemorrhage that requires immediate treatment. Endoscopy, with biopsy of suspicious lesions is necessary to make the diagnosis and is recommended in all HIV antibody positive patients with persistent upper gastrointestinal symptoms.We describe a patient with primary gastrointestinal involvement by KS who presented first with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain and no other stigmata. Afterwards, the diagnosis of an HIV infection was made. South African Gastroenterology Review Vol. 6 (1) 2008: pp. 5-7
卡波西肉瘤(KS)是人类免疫缺陷综合征(HIV)感染者中最常见的肿瘤，但其累及胃肠道的报道早在获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)流行之前就有了。虽然大多数胃肠道KS病例是无症状的，但晚期病变偶尔会导致严重的危及生命的出血，需要立即治疗。内镜检查和可疑病变活检是诊断的必要条件，建议所有HIV抗体阳性且持续上消化道症状的患者进行内镜检查。我们描述了一个病人的主要胃肠道累及KS谁提出了首先上消化道出血和腹痛，没有其他耻辱。之后，诊断为HIV感染。南非胃肠病学评论Vol. 6 (1) 2008: pp. 5-7
{"title":"Primary gastric Kaposi's sarcoma presenting first with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain: A case report","authors":"I. Chamisa","doi":"10.4314/SAGR.V6I1.30743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAGR.V6I1.30743","url":null,"abstract":"Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumour among human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV) infected individuals, but its involvement of the gastrointestinal tract was reported long before the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Although most cases of gastrointestinal KS are asymptomatic, advanced lesions may occasionally result in a severe life-threatening haemorrhage that requires immediate treatment. Endoscopy, with biopsy of suspicious lesions is necessary to make the diagnosis and is recommended in all HIV antibody positive patients with persistent upper gastrointestinal symptoms.We describe a patient with primary gastrointestinal involvement by KS who presented first with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain and no other stigmata. Afterwards, the diagnosis of an HIV infection was made. South African Gastroenterology Review Vol. 6 (1) 2008: pp. 5-7","PeriodicalId":39144,"journal":{"name":"South African Gastroenterology Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"5-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70615934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Winawer, M. Classen, R. Lambert, M. Fried, P. Dítě, K. Goh, F. Guarner, D. Lieberman, R. Eliakim, B. Levin, R. Sáenz, A. Khan, I. Khalif, Á. Lanas, G. Lindberg, M. O'brien, G. Young, J. Krabshuis, Robert A. Smith, W. Schmiegel, D. Rex, N. Amrani, A. Zauber
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide problem, with an annual incidence of approximately 1 million cases and an annual mortality of more than 500,000. The absolute number of cases will increase over the next two decades as a result of the aging and expansion of populations in both the developed and developing countries. South African Gastroenterology Review Vol. 6 (1) 2008: pp. 13-20
结直肠癌(CRC)是一个全球性问题，年发病率约为100万例，年死亡率超过50万。由于发达国家和发展中国家人口的老龄化和扩张，今后20年病例的绝对数量将会增加。南非胃肠病学评论Vol. 6 (1) 2008: pp. 13-20
{"title":"Colorectal cancer screening world gastroenterology organisation/international digestive cancer alliance practice guidelines","authors":"S. Winawer, M. Classen, R. Lambert, M. Fried, P. Dítě, K. Goh, F. Guarner, D. Lieberman, R. Eliakim, B. Levin, R. Sáenz, A. Khan, I. Khalif, Á. Lanas, G. Lindberg, M. O'brien, G. Young, J. Krabshuis, Robert A. Smith, W. Schmiegel, D. Rex, N. Amrani, A. Zauber","doi":"10.4314/SAGR.V6I1.30745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAGR.V6I1.30745","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide problem, with an annual incidence of approximately 1 million cases and an annual mortality of more than 500,000. The absolute number of cases will increase over the next two decades as a result of the\u0000aging and expansion of populations in both the developed and developing countries. South African Gastroenterology Review\u0000 Vol. 6 (1) 2008: pp. 13-20","PeriodicalId":39144,"journal":{"name":"South African Gastroenterology Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70615991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Portal hypertension, the end stage of any chronic liver disease, is caused by (1) an increased resistance to blood flow due to (a) architectural distortion of the liver by fibrous tissue and regenerative nodules (b) active intra-hepatic vaso-constriction due to decreased endogenous production of NO (2) increased portal venous inflow due to splanchnic arteriolar vasodilatation and (3) insufficient portal de-compression through collaterals which offer greater resistance to flow than does the normal liver.
{"title":"SAGES Guidelines Prevention and management of gastro-oesophageal varices and variceal haemorrhage in cirrhosis : guidelines","authors":"J. F. Botha","doi":"10.4314/SAGR.V6I1.30746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAGR.V6I1.30746","url":null,"abstract":"Portal hypertension, the end stage of any chronic liver disease, is caused by (1) an increased resistance to blood flow due to (a) architectural distortion of the liver by fibrous tissue and regenerative nodules (b) active intra-hepatic vaso-constriction due to decreased endogenous production of NO (2) increased portal venous inflow due to splanchnic arteriolar vasodilatation and (3) insufficient portal de-compression through collaterals which offer greater resistance to flow than does the normal liver.","PeriodicalId":39144,"journal":{"name":"South African Gastroenterology Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"23-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70616005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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