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Rivals in Arms: Sino-U.S. Cooperation, Problems, and Solutions and Their Impact on the International UAV Industry 武器上的对手:中美合作、问题、解决方案及其对国际无人机产业的影响
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-08-25 DOI: 10.2979/INDJGLOLEGSTU.25.2.0729
Bei-Er Cheok
Abstract:Research and development into drone technology has exploded in the United States in the recent decades. From the operation of killer drones in the military to agricultural survey drones in farms, the proliferation of drone technology is well on its way to radically altering the American future. However, there remains numerous laws, policies, and regulations that place stifling restrictions on drone development and operations in America. Halfway across the world, China has also begun to experience the "drone revolution," but with its relatively laxer laws regarding both commercial and public drone operations and manufacturing, it seems poised to surpass the United States in not only drone R&D, but drone export as well. In recent years, China has expanded to become "a prolific developer and no-questions-asked exporter of UAVs" selling to a plethora of nations ranging from Saudi Arabia to Pakistan and Nigeria. Domestically, China has relied firmly on indigenous production and R&D since the 1980s to expand its UAV technologies, expanding its UAV industry to include a variety of defense firms as well as academic research groups. However, China's drone program is not without its own issues and setbacks, forcing the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) to issue new drone regulations to be implemented on a trial basis. This paper will analyze and compare the two comprehensive UAV regulations—the stricter FAA regulations and the newer UAV regulations promulgated by the CAAC—and explore the differences between the two regulatory policies (both commercial and military), their benefits and drawbacks, and attempt to present solutions as to how the CAAC and the FAA can help build an initial framework for other nations to follow.
摘要:近几十年来,美国对无人机技术的研究和开发呈爆炸式增长。从军队中的杀手级无人机到农场中的农业调查无人机,无人机技术的扩散正在从根本上改变美国的未来。然而,美国仍有许多法律、政策和法规对无人机的开发和运营施加了令人窒息的限制。在世界的另一端,中国也开始经历“无人机革命”,但由于其在商业和公共无人机运营和制造方面的法律相对宽松,中国似乎准备不仅在无人机研发方面,而且在无人机出口方面超越美国。近年来,中国已发展成为“一个多产的无人机开发商和毫无疑问的出口商”,向沙特阿拉伯、巴基斯坦和尼日利亚等众多国家销售无人机。在国内,自20世纪80年代以来,中国一直坚定地依靠本土生产和研发来扩大其无人机技术,将其无人机产业扩大到包括各种国防公司和学术研究团体。然而,中国的无人机项目也有其自身的问题和挫折,迫使中国民用航空局(CAAC)发布新的无人机法规,试行。本文将分析和比较两个全面的无人机法规——更严格的FAA法规和中国民航局颁布的较新的无人机条例——并探讨两种监管政策(商业和军事)之间的差异、它们的优缺点,并试图提出中国民航局和美国联邦航空局如何帮助建立一个供其他国家效仿的初步框架的解决方案。
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引用次数: 1
America's Past-time and the Art of Diplomacy 美国的过去与外交艺术
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-08-25 DOI: 10.2979/INDJGLOLEGSTU.25.2.0797
Alyson St. Pierre
Abstract:As organizations and corporations construct an international reach, they become influential actors in foreign relations between sovereign countries. Particularly, while Major League Baseball continues to recruit players and build a large fan base across the globe, it increases its ability to facilitate civil relations between the United States and other nations. An exploration of how professional baseball provides a useful platform to improve diplomatic relations between the United States and Cuba best exemplifies how the League can promote change. Although the United States and Cuba have had a rather tumultuous relationship in recent history, a coordinated effort to improve the treatment of Cuban baseball players through changes in League rules and federal laws has the ability to spark a unified commitment to improved diplomacy. The proposed changes to improve relations with Cuba, can also be used by Major League Baseball and the United States to increase diplomatic success with other nations who have a vested interest in the success and fair treatment of their native baseball players.
摘要:随着组织和公司建立国际影响力,它们成为主权国家之间外交关系中有影响力的行动者。特别是,尽管美国职业棒球大联盟继续在全球招募球员并建立庞大的球迷基础,但它提高了促进美国与其他国家之间民事关系的能力。探讨职业棒球如何为改善美国和古巴之间的外交关系提供一个有用的平台,最能说明联盟如何促进变革。尽管美国和古巴在近代史上的关系相当动荡,但通过改变联盟规则和联邦法律来改善古巴棒球运动员待遇的协调努力,有能力引发对改善外交的统一承诺。美国职业棒球大联盟(Major League Baseball)和美国也可以利用改善与古巴关系的提议,来提高与其他国家的外交成功,这些国家对本国棒球运动员的成功和公平待遇有既得利益。
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引用次数: 0
Globalization: The Next 25 Years 全球化:未来25年
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-08-25 DOI: 10.2979/indjglolegstu.25.2.0565
Alfred C. Aman
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引用次数: 0
The Inevitable United States Adoption of IFRS: How and Why the United States Should Be Prepared 美国不可避免地采用《国际财务报告准则》:美国应该如何以及为什么做好准备
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-08-25 DOI: 10.2979/INDJGLOLEGSTU.25.2.0817
Erika M. Tribuzi
Abstract:In an age where technology makes the world smaller and business transactions happen by the microsecond, both private and public entities have utilized global standards. These standards are often voluntary and span many different industries. In the twenty-first century, financial reporting standards have not been immune toward the pull for global uniformity. The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are a set of international financial reporting standards that countries can choose to adopt in full or in part. Currently, there are 143 countries that have adopted IFRS in some capacity. This Note addresses the voluntary nature of global standards in the context of financial reporting. This Note suggests, with a focus on inventory valuation, that the U.S. adoption of IFRS is inevitable due to the international pull toward uniformity of financial reporting, and the United States should take a proactive approach in implementing IFRS to minimize negative externalities.
摘要:在一个技术使世界变得更小、商业交易以微秒为单位发生的时代,私营和公共实体都采用了全球标准。这些标准通常是自愿的,涉及许多不同的行业。在21世纪,财务报告标准也未能免受全球统一性的影响。国际财务报告准则是一套国际财务报告标准,各国可以选择全部或部分采用。目前,有143个国家以某种身份采用了《国际财务报告准则》。本说明论述了财务报告中全球标准的自愿性。本说明以存货估价为重点,表明由于国际上对财务报告统一性的追求,美国采用《国际财务报告准则》是不可避免的,美国应采取积极主动的方法实施《国际财务报表准则》,以最大限度地减少负外部性。
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引用次数: 2
Marching to the Beat of the EU's Drum: Refining the Collective Management of Music Rights in the United States to Facilitate the Growth of Interactive Streaming 跟随欧盟的鼓点前进:完善美国音乐版权的集体管理,促进互动流媒体的发展
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-08-25 DOI: 10.2979/INDJGLOLEGSTU.25.2.0755
Garfield Hunt
Abstract:In the digital era, interactive streaming is now the preferred method for music consumers to access their favorite albums and songs. The traditional copyright system used to administer music rights and royalties has not evolved accordingly, which not only impedes progress by music platform innovators, but also frustrates artist, labels, and composers who are unable to reap the benefits of their music rights.This Note examines the complex process interactive streaming services undergo to obtain the rights necessary to stream music through their platforms, which involves a discussion of collective rights organizations. This Note then argues that the European Directive on collective rights management offers mechanisms that the United States Copyright Office should adopt to improve collective music rights management in the United States. Finally, this Note argues that creating a global authoritative rights database (GARD) that ties use to ownership is necessary to move the music rights administration process into the digital age.
摘要:在数字时代,交互式流媒体是音乐消费者访问自己喜爱的专辑和歌曲的首选方式。用于管理音乐版权和版税的传统版权制度并没有相应地发展,这不仅阻碍了音乐平台创新者的进步,也让无法从音乐版权中获益的艺术家、唱片公司和作曲家感到沮丧。本报告探讨了交互式流媒体服务为获得通过其平台流媒体音乐所需的权利所经历的复杂过程,其中涉及对集体权利组织的讨论。本文认为,欧洲关于集体版权管理的指令提供了美国版权局应该采用的机制,以改善美国的集体音乐版权管理。最后,本文认为,创建一个将使用权与所有权联系起来的全球权威版权数据库(GARD)对于将音乐版权管理过程带入数字时代是必要的。
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引用次数: 1
Authority and the Globalisation of Inclusion and Exclusion: Author Meets Readers 权威与包容与排斥的全球化:作者与读者的相遇
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-08-24 DOI: 10.1017/9781316819203
H. Lindahl
Protracted and bitter resistance by alter- and anti-globalisation movements shows that the globalisation of law transpires as the globalisation of inclusion and exclusion. Humanity is inside and outside global law in all its possible manifestations. But how is this possible? How must legal orders be structured, such that, even if we can now speak of law beyond state borders, no emergent global legal order is possible that does not include without excluding? Is an authoritative politics of boundaries possible that neither postulates the possibility of realising an all-inclusive global legal order nor accepts resignation or political paralysis in the face of the globalisation of inclusion and exclusion? These pressing questions guide this book, opening up a vast field of enquiry that demands integrating sociological, doctrinal and philosophical perspectives and insights.
改变和反全球化运动的长期而激烈的抵制表明,法律的全球化是作为包容和排斥的全球化而发生的。在所有可能的表现形式中,人类既在全球法律的内部,也在其外部。但这怎么可能呢?法律秩序必须如何构建,这样,即使我们现在可以谈论超越国界的法律,也不可能出现不包括而不排除的新兴全球法律秩序?一种权威的边界政治是否可能,既不假设实现包罗万象的全球法律秩序的可能性,也不接受面对包容和排斥的全球化的辞职或政治瘫痪?这些紧迫的问题指导这本书,打开了一个广阔的领域的调查,要求整合社会学,理论和哲学的观点和见解。
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引用次数: 61
Digital Weberianism: Bureaucracy, Information, and the Techno-rationality of Neoliberal Capitalism 数字网络主义:官僚主义、信息与新自由资本主义的技术理性
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-06-12 DOI: 10.2979/INDJGLOLEGSTU.25.1.0187
Chris Muellerleile, S. Robertson
Abstract:The social infrastructures that constitute both public and private administration are increasingly entangled with digital code, big data, and algorithms. While some argue these technologies have blown apart the strictures of bureaucratic order, we see more subtle changes at work. We suggest that far from a radical rupture, in today's digitizing society, there are strong traces of the logic and techniques of Max Weber's bureau; a foundational concept in his account of the symbiotic relationship between modernity, capitalism, and social order. We suggest the manner through which these techniques have shaped contemporary systems of social administration helps explain the remarkable legitimacy digital governance has acquired. We do this by exploring how digital technologies draw from, and give new substance to, the three key principles of Weber's theory of the bureau—efficiency, objectivity, and rationality. We argue that neoliberalism, or the widespread economization of politics, has conditioned the digital versions of these principles, not least by subordinating social ends to technical means. At the same time we argue that digitalism engenders the privatization of authority, not least through its "elective affinity" with market logics.
摘要:构成公共和私人管理的社会基础设施越来越多地与数字代码、大数据和算法纠缠在一起。虽然有人认为这些技术打破了官僚秩序的限制,但我们看到了更微妙的变化。我们认为,在数字化社会的今天,远非根本性的断裂,还有马克斯·韦伯局的逻辑和技术的强烈痕迹;这是他对现代性、资本主义和社会秩序之间共生关系的描述中的一个基本概念。我们认为,这些技术塑造当代社会管理系统的方式有助于解释数字治理所获得的非凡合法性。我们通过探索数字技术如何借鉴韦伯局论的三个关键原则——效率、客观性和合理性——并赋予其新的实质内容来做到这一点。我们认为,新自由主义,或政治的广泛经济化,已经制约了这些原则的数字版本,尤其是通过将社会目的置于技术手段之下。同时,我们认为数字化产生了权力的私有化,尤其是通过其与市场逻辑的“选择性亲和力”。
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引用次数: 22
Behind the Cloak of Corporate Social Responsibility: Safeguards for Private Participation within Institutional Design 企业社会责任外衣背后:制度设计中私人参与的保障
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-06-12 DOI: 10.2979/INDJGLOLEGSTU.25.1.0233
Fenner L. Stewart
Abstract:This article challenges the reader to consider what modes of governance will ensure that corporations advance collective welfare. It identifies and explores "new governance imagery," which holds out the promise of a governance that is more "effective," "efficient," and "democratic." Such imagery is woven into the arguments used to champion institutional design's reliance on corporate decision-making. The article then questions the use of corporate social responsibility rhetoric, showing how it may lure regulators to disregard valid concerns about the effects of privatization and give them false assurance that the transfer of public power to business actors will inspire them to behave as public servants.
摘要:本文促使读者思考什么样的治理模式能确保公司提高集体福利。它确定并探索了“新的治理形象”,它提供了一个更“有效”、“高效”和“民主”的治理的承诺。这种意象被编织进了支持制度设计依赖企业决策的论据中。这篇文章随后质疑了企业社会责任修辞的使用,展示了它如何诱使监管机构无视对私有化影响的合理担忧,并给他们虚假的保证,即将公共权力移交给商业行为者将激励他们像公仆一样行事。
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引用次数: 0
The Judicialization of Private Transnational Power and Authority 私人跨国权力和权威的司法化
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-06-12 DOI: 10.2979/INDJGLOLEGSTU.25.1.0061
A. C. Cutler
Abstract:This article examines the judicialization of private systems of governance that are transforming "common sense" understandings of who should govern states, societies, and political economies. The focus is on the private transnational institutions and processes in the global investment and financial regimes. These regimes contribute to the maintenance and expansion of capitalism by assisting in the management and mitigation of risk, but they also participate in the construction of the sorts of risks that require management and mitigation. In so doing, they are deeply involved in determining what requires governance, as well determining the appropriate mechanisms and manner of governance. They constitute a form of private transnational authority, performing governance functions usually attributed to states and to public authorities. In the areas of global investment and finance, private transnational experts craft the legal foundations that advance and secure the expansion of capitalism as the common sense of our time. These laws are characterized as a form of "new constitutionalism," for they constitute both the material and ideological foundations for ordering societies and political economies under the discipline of an increasingly transnationalized market civilization. Transnational market civilization subordinates national political authorities to disciplines emanating from international investment, derivatives, and project financing agreements that function constitutionally to limit the policy and legislative autonomy of national governments, thus seriously impacting their sovereignty. However, while the areas examined reveal a complex and hybrid mix of public and private authorities that raise significant legitimacy concerns, the mix is not fixed, but is mutable and open in places to resistance and contestation, suggesting that the discipline of transnational capitalism is incomplete and might one day reflect better or "good sense."
摘要:本文考察了私人治理制度的司法化,这些制度正在改变人们对谁应该治理国家、社会和政治经济的“常识”理解。重点是全球投资和金融体制中的私营跨国机构和进程。这些制度通过协助管理和减轻风险,有助于资本主义的维持和扩张,但它们也参与构建需要管理和减轻的各种风险。在这样做的过程中,他们深入地参与确定什么需要治理,以及确定适当的治理机制和方式。它们构成了一种私人跨国权威,履行通常归于国家和公共当局的治理职能。在全球投资和金融领域,私人跨国专家为推动和确保资本主义扩张的法律基础奠定了基础,这是我们这个时代的常识。这些法律被认为是“新宪政”的一种形式,因为它们构成了在日益跨国化的市场文明的约束下有序的社会和政治经济的物质和思想基础。跨国市场文明使国家政治当局服从于国际投资、衍生品和项目融资协议所产生的规则,这些规则在宪法上限制了国家政府的政策和立法自主权,从而严重影响了国家主权。然而,虽然这些领域揭示了公共和私人权力的复杂混合,引起了重大的合法性问题,但这种混合并不是固定的,而是可变的,在某些地方对抵制和争论是开放的,这表明跨国资本主义的纪律是不完整的,也许有一天会反映出更好的或“良好的感觉”。
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引用次数: 12
The Status of Authority in the Globalizing Economy: Beyond the Public/Private Distinction 权力在全球化经济中的地位:超越公共/私人区分
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-06-12 DOI: 10.2979/INDJGLOLEGSTU.25.1.0003
E. Hartmann, Poul F. Kjaer
This article was published as Hartmann, E., & Kjær, P. F. (2018). The Status of Authority in the Globalizing Economy: Beyond the Public/Private Distinction. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 25(1), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.2979/indjglolegstu.25.1.0003. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or distributed in any form, by any means, electronic, mechanical, photographic, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Indiana University Press. For educational reuse, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center . For all other permissions, contact IU Press at .
本文发表于Hartmann,E.和Kjær,P.F.(2018)。权威在全球化经济中的地位:超越公共/私人的区别。《印第安纳全球法律研究杂志》,25(1),3-11。https://doi.org/10.2979/indjglolegstu.25.1.0003.未经印第安纳大学出版社事先许可,不得以任何形式、电子、机械、摄影或其他方式复制、存储在检索系统中、传输或分发其任何部分。如需教育再利用,请联系版权审查中心。有关所有其他权限,请通过联系IU Press。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
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