Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.85.2.02
Ella R Kelty, M. Henneberg
Substantial relaxation of natural selection beginning around 1900 changed the mutation/selection balance of modern genetic material, producing an increase in variable anatomical structures. While multiple structures have been affected, the temporal increase in variations of the sacrum, specifically, ‘Sacral Spina Bifida Occulta,’ have been reliably demonstrated on a localised scale. Calculation of largescale frequency has been hindered by the localised nature of these publications, the morphological variability of this variation, and potential pathological associations, which have produced divergent classifications, and conflicting reported rates of occurrence. A systematic review of the reported literature was conducted to provide an objective analysis of Sacral Spina Bifida Occulta frequency from 2500 BCE to the present. This review was designed to compensate for observed inconsistencies in reporting and to ascertain, for the first time, the temporal trajectory of this secular trend. A systematic review of Sacral Spina Bifida Occulta literature was conducted through the strict use of clinical meta-analysis criteria. Publications were retrieved from four databases: PubMed, Embase, the Adelaide University Library database, and Google Scholar. Data were separated into three historical groups, (1 = <1900, 2 = 1900 to 1980 and 3 = >1980), and frequency outcomes compared, to determine temporal rates of occurrence. A total of 39/409 publications were included in the final analysis, representing data for 16,167 sacra, spanning a period of 4,500 years. Statistically significant results were obtained, with total open S1 frequency increasing from 2.34%, (79 to 1900CE), to 4.80%, (1900 to 1980CE) and to 5.43% (>1980CE). These increases were significant at p<0.0001, with Chi-squared analysis. A clear secular increase in the global frequency of Sacral Spina Bifida Occulta has been demonstrated from 1900 to the present. This research provides a novel and adaptable framework for the future assessment of variation distribution, with important implications for the fields of biological anthropology and bioarchaeology.
{"title":"Sacral Spina Bifida Occulta: A Frequency Analysis of Secular Change","authors":"Ella R Kelty, M. Henneberg","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.85.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.85.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Substantial relaxation of natural selection beginning around 1900 changed the mutation/selection balance of modern genetic material, producing an increase in variable anatomical structures. While multiple structures have been affected, the temporal increase in variations of the sacrum, specifically, ‘Sacral Spina Bifida Occulta,’ have been reliably demonstrated on a localised scale. Calculation of largescale frequency has been hindered by the localised nature of these publications, the morphological variability of this variation, and potential pathological associations, which have produced divergent classifications, and conflicting reported rates of occurrence. A systematic review of the reported literature was conducted to provide an objective analysis of Sacral Spina Bifida Occulta frequency from 2500 BCE to the present. This review was designed to compensate for observed inconsistencies in reporting and to ascertain, for the first time, the temporal trajectory of this secular trend. A systematic review of Sacral Spina Bifida Occulta literature was conducted through the strict use of clinical meta-analysis criteria. Publications were retrieved from four databases: PubMed, Embase, the Adelaide University Library database, and Google Scholar. Data were separated into three historical groups, (1 = <1900, 2 = 1900 to 1980 and 3 = >1980), and frequency outcomes compared, to determine temporal rates of occurrence.\u0000A total of 39/409 publications were included in the final analysis, representing data for 16,167 sacra, spanning a period of 4,500 years. Statistically significant results were obtained, with total open S1 frequency increasing from 2.34%, (79 to 1900CE), to 4.80%, (1900 to 1980CE) and to 5.43% (>1980CE). These increases were significant at p<0.0001, with Chi-squared analysis. A clear secular increase in the global frequency of Sacral Spina Bifida Occulta has been demonstrated from 1900 to the present. This research provides a novel and adaptable framework for the future assessment of variation distribution, with important implications for the fields of biological anthropology and bioarchaeology.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42161975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.85.2.01
Darina Falbová, Lenka Vorobeľová, Veronika Candráková Čerňanová, R. Beňuš, D. Siváková
Leu432Val (rs1056836) polymorphism of the CYP1B1 gene was examined in relationship with lipid profile in hypertensive Slovak women according to their menopausal status. The entire study sample comprised 255 women suffering from hypertension aged from 39 to 65 years who were recruited from different localities in the western, southern, and middle parts of Slovakia. The participants provided a saliva or blood sample for DNA genotyping and a blood sample for biochemical analysis. The Leu432Val genotypes demonstrated statistically significant associations with all monitored atherogenic indices – total cholesterol-to-HDL-Cholesterol (AI1), Non-HDL-Cholesterol (AI2), LDL-Cholesterol-to-HDL-Cholesterol (AI3), and the logarithm of the ratio of plasma concentration of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol (AIP log) in hypertensive pre/perimenopausal women. The mean values were significantly lower in women carrying the Val/Val genotype. In early postmenopausal hypertensive women the Leu432Val genotypes were statistically significant and associated with LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and AI2. The mean values of LDL-C and AI2 were significantly lower in women carrying the Leu/Leu genotype. In conclusion, the Leu432Val polymorphism may be associated with the atherogenic indices and LDL-C in hypertensive women.
{"title":"Association of Leu432Val (rs1056836) polymorphism of the CYP1B1 gene with lipid profile in hypertensive Slovak women","authors":"Darina Falbová, Lenka Vorobeľová, Veronika Candráková Čerňanová, R. Beňuš, D. Siváková","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.85.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.85.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Leu432Val (rs1056836) polymorphism of the CYP1B1 gene was examined in relationship with lipid profile in hypertensive Slovak women according to their menopausal status. The entire study sample comprised 255 women suffering from hypertension aged from 39 to 65 years who were recruited from different localities in the western, southern, and middle parts of Slovakia. The participants provided a saliva or blood sample for DNA genotyping and a blood sample for biochemical analysis. The Leu432Val genotypes demonstrated statistically significant associations with all monitored atherogenic indices – total cholesterol-to-HDL-Cholesterol (AI1), Non-HDL-Cholesterol (AI2), LDL-Cholesterol-to-HDL-Cholesterol (AI3), and the logarithm of the ratio of plasma concentration of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol (AIP log) in hypertensive pre/perimenopausal women. The mean values were significantly lower in women carrying the Val/Val genotype. In early postmenopausal hypertensive women the Leu432Val genotypes were statistically significant and associated with LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and AI2. The mean values of LDL-C and AI2 were significantly lower in women carrying the Leu/Leu genotype. In conclusion, the Leu432Val polymorphism may be associated with the atherogenic indices and LDL-C in hypertensive women.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48997724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.08
Piotr Otocki
The set of dental traits traditionally used for identification purposes due to their high correlation with age include the attrition of the crown, periodontic changes, apposition of the secondary dentin and root cement, resorption and translucency of the root. The work puts forward a proposal to add a new trait, i.e. width of the root canal. The new trait is particularly useful for the examination of the fossil material.
{"title":"Określenie wieku osobniczego na podstawie zębów","authors":"Piotr Otocki","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.08","url":null,"abstract":"The set of dental traits traditionally used for identification purposes due to their high correlation with age include the attrition of the crown, periodontic changes, apposition of the secondary dentin and root cement, resorption and translucency of the root. The work puts forward a proposal to add a new trait, i.e. width of the root canal. The new trait is particularly useful for the examination of the fossil material.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44615323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.12
Wiesław Buchwald
The frequencies of occurrence of patterns in five fields of the sub-toe area of soles in 1,600 men and 1,600 women from 15 voivodships of northern Poland were demonstrated. The bilateral and intersexual differences were examined and the obtained results compared with the pattern frequencies in the population from central and south-eastern Poland.
{"title":"Listewki skórne strefy podpalcowej stóp u ludności Polski północnej","authors":"Wiesław Buchwald","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The frequencies of occurrence of patterns in five fields of the sub-toe area of soles in 1,600 men and 1,600 women from 15 voivodships of northern Poland were demonstrated. The bilateral and intersexual differences were examined and the obtained results compared with the pattern frequencies in the population from central and south-eastern Poland.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41871767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.04
T. Bielicki, Anna Waliszko, Stanisław Górny, J. Kubica
Statural gains were of similar magnitude, ca. 2.0 cm., in each of the five categories of urbanization defined by population size of the locality of habitation. As a result, the regular urbanization-dependent gradient in stature, first detected in the 1976'cohort, reappears in little changed form 10 years later. No significant secular changes and no regular gradients can be seen in weight-for-height.
{"title":"Wysokość i względny ciężar ciała poborowych polskich w dziesięcioleciu 1976—1986: zmiany sekularne i gradient urbanizacyjny","authors":"T. Bielicki, Anna Waliszko, Stanisław Górny, J. Kubica","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Statural gains were of similar magnitude, ca. 2.0 cm., in each of the five categories of urbanization defined by population size of the locality of habitation. As a result, the regular urbanization-dependent gradient in stature, first detected in the 1976'cohort, reappears in little changed form 10 years later. No significant secular changes and no regular gradients can be seen in weight-for-height.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44255648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.11
Jarosław Moszczyński
Attention was focused on correlations between four basic types of dermatoglyphic patterns on finger bulbs of 3,100 men. The dominating associations were found in homologous and neighboring fingers. The most strongly correlated group of patterns proved to be whirls (W) which moreover constituted the only group to reveal no positive relations with the other types of patterns, namely arches (A), ulnar loops (Lu), and radial loops (Lj.).
{"title":"Korelacje pomiędzy wzorami listewek skórnych na opuszkach palców rąk","authors":"Jarosław Moszczyński","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Attention was focused on correlations between four basic types of dermatoglyphic patterns on finger bulbs of 3,100 men. The dominating associations were found in homologous and neighboring fingers. The most strongly correlated group of patterns proved to be whirls (W) which moreover constituted the only group to reveal no positive relations with the other types of patterns, namely arches (A), ulnar loops (Lu), and radial loops (Lj.).","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44936286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.02
J. Strzałko, K. Kaszycka
On the basis of face photographs, a team of 50 male judges assessed the physical attractiveness of 64 young women. The consistency of the opinions of the judges was investigated in reference to the attractiveness of the persons being assessed, the relationship of the assessments with morphological facial features – both of the persons being assessed and the observers, and the mutual similarity of the persons defined by the given judge as attractive. The discussion refers to sociobiological problems.
{"title":"Atrakcyjność fizyczna - obiektywne i subiektywne składowe oceny","authors":"J. Strzałko, K. Kaszycka","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.02","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of face photographs, a team of 50 male judges assessed the physical attractiveness of 64 young women. The consistency of the opinions of the judges was investigated in reference to the attractiveness of the persons being assessed, the relationship of the assessments with morphological facial features – both of the persons being assessed and the observers, and the mutual similarity of the persons defined by the given judge as attractive. The discussion refers to sociobiological problems.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42601331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.01
Zbigniew Drozdowski
The author presents the scientific output of professor Tadeusz Dzierżykray-Rogalski on his seventieth birth anniversary. The celebrator of the jubilee was for many years a chairman of the Polish Anthropological Society, the editor of the Polish Anthropological Review, a worthy scientist of the Polish Anthropology and organizer of the scientific life.
{"title":"Tadeusz Dzierżykray-Rogalski – w siedemdziesiątą rocznicę urodzin","authors":"Zbigniew Drozdowski","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.01","url":null,"abstract":"The author presents the scientific output of professor Tadeusz Dzierżykray-Rogalski on his seventieth birth anniversary. The celebrator of the jubilee was for many years a chairman of the Polish Anthropological Society, the editor of the Polish Anthropological Review, a worthy scientist of the Polish Anthropology and organizer of the scientific life.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42826880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.05
E. Kolasa
Using the data found in literature and collected by the author, the growth of girls representing various environments and social strata from Zaire, Rwanda, Uganda, Nigeria, Gambia and Somalia is discussed, taking into account body height and weight and the age at menarche. An attempt is made to assess the secular end in the development of Zairean and Nigerian girls.
{"title":"Rozwój dziewcząt afrykańskich w okresie pokwitania w zróżnicowanych warunkach środowiskowych","authors":"E. Kolasa","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Using the data found in literature and collected by the author, the growth of girls representing various environments and social strata from Zaire, Rwanda, Uganda, Nigeria, Gambia and Somalia is discussed, taking into account body height and weight and the age at menarche. An attempt is made to assess the secular end in the development of Zairean and Nigerian girls.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47223920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.07
P. Swornowski
Serological characteristic of the population of Wielkie Drogi village near Cracow was made on the material of 83 persons of both sexes. The ABO, Rh(D) and Kell systems were examined. The frequencies of genes and phenotypes were evalusted and then the genetic intervals were computed for the investigated group in relation to other populations from Poland, Ukraine and Moravia.
{"title":"Charakterystyka serologiczna populacji wsi Wielkie Drogi w pobliżu Krakowa","authors":"P. Swornowski","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.54.1-2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Serological characteristic of the population of Wielkie Drogi village near Cracow was made on the material of 83 persons of both sexes. The ABO, Rh(D) and Kell systems were examined. The frequencies of genes and phenotypes were evalusted and then the genetic intervals were computed for the investigated group in relation to other populations from Poland, Ukraine and Moravia.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42825869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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