Journal of registry management最新文献

Overweight and obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease that increases the risk of several cancers. The purpose of this study is to calculate the population-attributable fraction (PAF%) of obesity-associated cancer rates among adults from 2010-2019 in Arkansas by sex, race, and ethnicity. Obesity-associated cancer data for this period were obtained from the Arkansas Central Cancer Registry. The PAF% was calculated using obesity prevalence and global relative risks. Obesity prevalence data were gathered from the Arkansas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Global relative risks for each obesity-associated cancer were gathered from large-scale epidemiological studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews in which body mass index (BMI) was ≥ 30 kg/m². Obesity-attributable cancer age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) were calculated by multiplying the obesity-associated cancer's AAIR by the estimated PAF%. Breast, esophageal adenocarcinoma, gallbladder, kidney, and liver obesity-associated cancers each had a PAF% greater than 25% by sex, race, and ethnicity. Arkansas non-Hispanic (NH) Black women were disproportionately impacted by obesity-attributable cancers, with a disparity driven primarily by the higher incidence of breast and other female-specific cancers. Findings suggest that targeted screening among those with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² could decrease the burden of obesity-associated and attributable cancers in Arkansas, particularly for breast and colorectal cancers.

Completeness of race information is a criterion for data certification among United States central cancer registries. This paper presents a method for reducing unknown race information by as much as 75%, with 95% accuracy, race-specific sensitivity of 81-99%, and race-specific positive predictive value of 88-97%. The method, Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG), has been in wide use in the social sciences and public health for more than 15 years. We use the publicly available North Carolina voter rolls as a proxy for cancer patients, drawing a sample of these persons that mimics the national distribution of cancer incidence by race and ethnicity. BISG has the potential to increase the accuracy of racespecific cancer incidence rates by as much as 3% in registries with the highest levels of missingness; in other registries, the effects will be negligible. The method has been incorporated into freely available computer code.

Objective: For the past two decades, there have been serial changes in prostate cancer screening guidelines, which have introduced peculiar chronological patterns in prostate cancer incidence and stage distribution in the United States (US). Most published data do not cover the last guideline change in 2018 and there have been scant data to indicate how prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at prostate cancer diagnosis have changed over time. In this paper, which includes an observation period through 2021, we examine chronological trends in PSA levels at diagnosis in population-based prostate cancer data.

Materials and methods: We analyzed measurements of PSA levels and other tumor and patient characteristics of 945,797 prostate cancer cases diagnosed between 2004 and 2021, which were captured by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Chronological trends of age-and race-adjusted mean PSA values, as well as the proportion of high PSA (>=20ng/ml) by year, were analyzed by Joinpoint software, overall and by major racial and age groups.

Results: We found three time points indicating changes in the chronological trends of PSA. Mean PSA levels and the high PSA fraction declined up to 2007/2008 (the point at which the first guideline was issued against PSA screening for older men), stayed rather flat until 2011 (close to the time point when the recommendation against PSA screening was issued for all age groups), and thereafter they rose sharply until 2014/2015, when the rising trend began to deescalate. The point estimates for the timing of changes were slightly earlier with the binary measures than for continuous PSA values. The last, more slowly rising trend was more pronounced in younger patients (<75 years) than in older ones. We detected similar Joinpoint patterns for the proportion of advanced stage (regional and distant).

Conclusions: Chronological trends of serum PSA levels observed between 2004 and 2021 in the US are generally consistent with a series of changes in US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) screening guidelines that occurred during this period as well as with a shift toward advanced stage at diagnosis.