Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000033
R. Ferner, C. Anton
Summary After 20 years, Robin Ferner and Christopher Anton, who took on responsibility for the Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin from its founder Professor Dai Davies, are handing over responsibility to Professor Kim Dalhoff and his colleague Dr Jon Andersen in Copenhagen. They take the opportunity to review some interesting, important, or unusual adverse drug reactions (ADRs) encountered over the last 20 years.
{"title":"Twenty years of adverse drug reactions: a look back – part 1","authors":"R. Ferner, C. Anton","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000033","url":null,"abstract":"Summary After 20 years, Robin Ferner and Christopher Anton, who took on responsibility for the Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin from its founder Professor Dai Davies, are handing over responsibility to Professor Kim Dalhoff and his colleague Dr Jon Andersen in Copenhagen. They take the opportunity to review some interesting, important, or unusual adverse drug reactions (ADRs) encountered over the last 20 years.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"309 1","pages":"1195–1198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43167084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000030
L. Bracken, A. Nunn, M. Peak, M. Turner
Summary Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common in children and it is often difficult to distinguish ADRs from other underlying conditions. Children range from preterm neonates to adolescents with changing patterns of disease, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The continuous development during childhood presents a challenge to developing, prescribing and administering age-appropriate medicines. Paediatric ADRs can be difficult to characterize. There is a lack of agreed definitions, which are needed so that data on ADRs can be consistently reported and reliably interpreted. Many of the adult tools to assess causality and avoidability are difficult to apply in paediatrics. Paediatric ADRs are under-reported in spontaneous reporting systems, and there is little research. Steps addressing the challenges include the Liverpool causality and avoidability assessment tools, improved definitions and more paediatric drug research following the introduction of Paediatric Regulation in 2007, requirement for risk assessment and after marketing surveillance. Advances in assessing susceptibility through pharmacogenomics offer hope of avoiding ADRs.
{"title":"Challenges in the assessment of adverse drug reactions in children and neonates","authors":"L. Bracken, A. Nunn, M. Peak, M. Turner","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000030","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common in children and it is often difficult to distinguish ADRs from other underlying conditions. Children range from preterm neonates to adolescents with changing patterns of disease, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The continuous development during childhood presents a challenge to developing, prescribing and administering age-appropriate medicines. Paediatric ADRs can be difficult to characterize. There is a lack of agreed definitions, which are needed so that data on ADRs can be consistently reported and reliably interpreted. Many of the adult tools to assess causality and avoidability are difficult to apply in paediatrics. Paediatric ADRs are under-reported in spontaneous reporting systems, and there is little research. Steps addressing the challenges include the Liverpool causality and avoidability assessment tools, improved definitions and more paediatric drug research following the introduction of Paediatric Regulation in 2007, requirement for risk assessment and after marketing surveillance. Advances in assessing susceptibility through pharmacogenomics offer hope of avoiding ADRs.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"308 1","pages":"1191–1194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42933594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000029
K. Badyal, I. S. Badyal
Summary Drugs used topically in the eye can cause systemic adverse effects that can range from mild to fatal. Ocular drugs can cause adverse effects by draining through the nasolacrimal duct and being absorbed into the blood stream, or by precipitating in the eye, or by causing an increase in intraocular pressure.
{"title":"Adverse reactions to ophthalmic medicines","authors":"K. Badyal, I. S. Badyal","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000029","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Drugs used topically in the eye can cause systemic adverse effects that can range from mild to fatal. Ocular drugs can cause adverse effects by draining through the nasolacrimal duct and being absorbed into the blood stream, or by precipitating in the eye, or by causing an increase in intraocular pressure.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"307 1","pages":"1187–1190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41841571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000027
R. Ferner
Summary Phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) and fosphenytoin are still important treatments for seizure disorders. The experience of fosphenytoin suggests that many of the adverse effects recognized to occur with phenytoin can also occur with the newer pro-drug. Here we consider some of the more important adverse effects of these agents.
{"title":"Adverse effects of phenytoin and fosphenytoin","authors":"R. Ferner","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000027","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) and fosphenytoin are still important treatments for seizure disorders. The experience of fosphenytoin suggests that many of the adverse effects recognized to occur with phenytoin can also occur with the newer pro-drug. Here we consider some of the more important adverse effects of these agents.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"306 1","pages":"1183–1186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43553459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000026
S. Pontefract, R. Ferner
Summary Unintended harms from medicines caused by adverse drug reactions and medication errors are common. The medication process is very complex, and error can occur in the development, manufacture, distribution, prescribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring of medicines. The prescriber, to avoid error, must first make careful decisions tailored to account for numerous factors that differ from patient to patient, then communicate orders that others must execute meticulously and whose consequences must be adequately monitored.
{"title":"Computerized order entry, clinical decision support, and safer prescribing","authors":"S. Pontefract, R. Ferner","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000026","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Unintended harms from medicines caused by adverse drug reactions and medication errors are common. The medication process is very complex, and error can occur in the development, manufacture, distribution, prescribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring of medicines. The prescriber, to avoid error, must first make careful decisions tailored to account for numerous factors that differ from patient to patient, then communicate orders that others must execute meticulously and whose consequences must be adequately monitored.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"305 1","pages":"1179–1182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46089281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000025
C. Holt, Andrew W. Hitchings
Summary Drug causes of metabolic acidosis are numerous and their mechanisms are diverse. Broadly, they can cause metabolic acidosis with either a normal anion gap (e.g. drug-induced renal tubular acidosis) or an elevated anion gap (e.g. drug-induced lactic acidosis or pyroglutamic acidosis). This review describes the drugs that can cause or contribute to metabolic acidosis during therapeutic use, the mechanisms by which this occurs, and how they may be identified in practice.
{"title":"Drug-induced metabolic acidosis","authors":"C. Holt, Andrew W. Hitchings","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000025","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Drug causes of metabolic acidosis are numerous and their mechanisms are diverse. Broadly, they can cause metabolic acidosis with either a normal anion gap (e.g. drug-induced renal tubular acidosis) or an elevated anion gap (e.g. drug-induced lactic acidosis or pyroglutamic acidosis). This review describes the drugs that can cause or contribute to metabolic acidosis during therapeutic use, the mechanisms by which this occurs, and how they may be identified in practice.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"304 1","pages":"1176–1178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44982853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000023
C. Anton, C. Crawford
Summary Laxatives are generally well tolerated and adverse effects mild or moderate, although rarely adverse effects can be fatal. Several laxatives have recently been licensed for intractable constipation not relieved by simple laxatives, opioid-induced constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Like the older laxatives, the new laxatives usually cause only mild adverse effects, although some serious effects have been reported.
{"title":"Adverse effects of laxatives: update Correspondence","authors":"C. Anton, C. Crawford","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000023","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Laxatives are generally well tolerated and adverse effects mild or moderate, although rarely adverse effects can be fatal. Several laxatives have recently been licensed for intractable constipation not relieved by simple laxatives, opioid-induced constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Like the older laxatives, the new laxatives usually cause only mild adverse effects, although some serious effects have been reported.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"303 1","pages":"1171–1174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45892866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000022
Sushma Yadav
Summary Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are common in India. We invited this review on the use of patch tests to diagnose these reactions. The findings show that patch tests are of limited value in diagnosing cutaneous adverse drug reactions.
{"title":"Patch tests: not a useful tool in diagnosing adverse cutaneous drug reactions","authors":"Sushma Yadav","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000022","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are common in India. We invited this review on the use of patch tests to diagnose these reactions. The findings show that patch tests are of limited value in diagnosing cutaneous adverse drug reactions.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"302 1","pages":"1167–1170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45586030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000021
P. Routledge
SummaryThe Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin has been published bimonthly for the last 50 years. The format has remained the same with four sides of approximately 2000 words on an important adverse reaction, but has grown from sheets stencilled for distribution locally to a bulletin with a large circulation both in English and Italian. Its aim remains, as then, to provide a succinct summary of the causes and mechanisms of a particular adverse reaction, or the types of reactions which affect a particular system organ class.
{"title":"Professor D.M. Davies, founder of Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin: a tribute on the 50th anniversary of Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","authors":"P. Routledge","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000021","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryThe Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin has been published bimonthly for the last 50 years. The format has remained the same with four sides of approximately 2000 words on an important adverse reaction, but has grown from sheets stencilled for distribution locally to a bulletin with a large circulation both in English and Italian. Its aim remains, as then, to provide a succinct summary of the causes and mechanisms of a particular adverse reaction, or the types of reactions which affect a particular system organ class.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"301 1","pages":"1163–1166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0000000000000020
S. Green, Andrew Holton
SummaryDrug-induced peripheral neuropathy is an important clinical problem. It can cause irreversible symptoms such as pain and numbness that have an enormous impact on ability to function normally and perceived quality of life. This can lead to dose reductions or a requirement to cease treatment with a particular drug. The mechanisms of damage are not always fully understood, but particular drugs such as the cancer chemotherapy agents are well known as identified causes of peripheral neuropathy. Investigative methods are not always satisfactory and the diagnosis is frequently clinical. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the problem so that patients at risk are asked the relevant questions.
{"title":"Drug-induced peripheral neuropathy","authors":"S. Green, Andrew Holton","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0000000000000020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000020","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryDrug-induced peripheral neuropathy is an important clinical problem. It can cause irreversible symptoms such as pain and numbness that have an enormous impact on ability to function normally and perceived quality of life. This can lead to dose reductions or a requirement to cease treatment with a particular drug. The mechanisms of damage are not always fully understood, but particular drugs such as the cancer chemotherapy agents are well known as identified causes of peripheral neuropathy. Investigative methods are not always satisfactory and the diagnosis is frequently clinical. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the problem so that patients at risk are asked the relevant questions.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"300 1","pages":"1159–1162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0000000000000020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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