Psiquiatria Biologica最新文献

Background and aims

Previous research has linked dietary patterns to depressive disorders, however, there are limited data on the association between the consumption of diets rich in phytochemicals and these disorders. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and major depression disorder (MDD) in Iranian females.

Methods

This case–control study was performed on 261 Iranian women (18–65 years, 87 cases, and 174 controls). Food intakes were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Depression was evaluated by a psychiatrist according to DSM IV criteria. We used factor analysis to extract dietary patterns and binary logistic regression to assess the relationship between dietary pattern scores and depression.

Results

Two major dietary patterns were identified: healthy and unhealthy patterns. After controlling for these variables, participants in the highest tertile of the healthy dietary pattern had significantly lower OR for major depression (OR = 0.371; 95% CI: 0.168–0.819, p =.014). The second tertile of the unhealthy dietary pattern, compared with the lowest tertile had a higher OR for major depression (OR = 3.162; 95% CI: 1.451–6.889, p = 0.004). Also, women in the lowest tertile of DPI had a higher risk of major depression (OR 2.668; 95% CI 1.297, 5.491, p =.008) compared with those in the highest tertile.

Conclusions

We found that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern and high intakes of phytochemicals is associated with reduced risk, while an unhealthy dietary pattern is associated with an elevated risk of major depression.

Loneliness and isolation in older people are concepts that have attracted attention in recent years due to their impact on the health and well-being of this social group. The objective of this work is to analyze the relationship between loneliness and isolation in older people with aspects related to their mental health, and examine if there are differences between both constructs. To this end, it was decided to carry out a systematic review following the PRISMA model, using the WOS and SCOPUS search engines. A total of 20 articles have been selected for the review. The results of the literature search confirm that loneliness affects anxiety, depression, perception of health or cognitive deterioration, in the same way as isolation. However, loneliness influences a greater number of variables, such as self-esteem. The conclusion reached is that loneliness negatively affects certain constructs related to the mental health of older people, which confirms the importance of developing preventive programs to alleviate its impact on this social group.

Various pharmacological groups can trigger a series of acute dysautonomias that have the following features in common: muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, and autonomic dysfunction.

All these dysautonomias are grouped within the so-called drug-induced hyperthermic syndromes. They are characterized by a hypermetabolic state secondary to taking medications and other agents that alter neurotransmitter levels. Three of these syndromes: neuroleptic malignant syndrome, serotonin syndrome and anticholinergic syndrome are of special relevance in the psychiatric field since they are associated with the taking of drugs widely used by their specialists.

All of them have high morbidity and mortality, which is why they require a multidisciplinary approach to guarantee adequate diagnosis and therapeutic management.

For all these reasons, we present the case of a 49-year-old woman admitted to the Mental Health Hospitalization Unit as a result of catatonic symptoms who, on the third day of admission, developed symptoms of dysautonomia and hyperthermia concomitant with taking Olanzapine, citalopram and biperiden reason for which a complex differential diagnosis is proposed between: NMS, SS vs. AS.

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus and mood disorders are two entities that are intertwined with common pathophysiological mechanisms. Oral hypoglycemic agents are a fundamental pillar in obtaining adequate glucose control in diabetic individuals and, recently, the high prevalence of these two pathologies in the same patient have led clinical studies to focus on analyzing the effect of oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetics. patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and depressive disorder.

Objective

To carry out a review of the available literature on hypoglycemic medication in the context of patients with diabetes mellitus and depressive disorder.

Conclusions

Although oral antidiabetics have been shown to have an antidepressant effect in certain experimental models, in clinical practice the evidence is scarce, but the lower risk of depression with certain antidiabetics is particularly noteworthy, leaving open the possibilities of future studies with the adequate nature that allows clarifying the effect of oral hypoglycemic agents in the population with diabetes mellitus and depressive disorder.

A study is carried out in 157 subjects who during the period established between July 01, 2015 and December 31, 2017 committed a consummated suicide in the province of Badajoz to investigate what percentage of consummated suicides had a history of mental pathology. The results indicate that there is a lower-than-expected relationship between the suicidal act and the presence of a personal psychiatric history, as these only appear in two-fifths of the sample. If they do exist, the most frequent diagnosis is depressive disorder and the most frequent treatment is antidepressants. These data contrast with other data collected in the literature that report much higher percentages of psychiatric pathology in subjects who commit suicide.

The case is presented of a 41-year-old male, admitted since age 26 to the Residential and Rehabilitation Unit with the diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and under treatment with fluvoxamine, valproic, topiramate, risperidone and clonazepam. After a period of stability, a picture compatible with a major depressive episode appear, which is treated with bupropion, in order to affect the symptoms of apathy and psychomotor slowness. There is a rapid recovery in two weeks, but he begins to present copropraxia and coprolalia, which he had never presented before. Bupropion is withdrawn and coprolalia disappears in two weeks, but he maintained some of these behaviors, so cyproterone acetate is prescribed to control them, with improvement in one week. Three months after withdrawal of bupropion, he reaches euthymia and no longer presented any sexual behavioral alteration, coprolalia or copropraxia. The literature confirms other cases of appearance of tics in patients treated with antidepressants for a depressive picture and comorbidity with obsessive-compulsive disorder, but almost none by the use of bupropion or with coprolalia and copropraxia.

Despite the fact that suicide is the leading cause of external death in Spain, there is no protocolized prevention or intervention plan at national level. The final aim of this study is the design, implementation and evaluation of a new suicide risk prevention program at the Albacete University Hospital Complex, called "RENACE". For this purpose, the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with suicidal ideation and behavior was described. The following results were obtained: the majority of patients were women (59%) and the most prevalent age group was 31 to 65 years old. Among the juvenile population, the predominant age range was 14 to 17 years. Regarding the clinical profile, the main diagnosis was trauma-related disorders and stress factors, followed by depressive disorders.

The increase in life expectancy has led to a rise in the incidence of chronic diseases, such as dementia. Treating the risk factors of dementia, such as depression, could help reduce its occurrence. However, antidepressant treatment has not proven effective in managing this symptom, thereby increasing the risk of dementia in the future. It is essential to investigate the causes and treatment of depression, and in this regard, the use of animal models is of great significance. This study aims to analyze the evidence supporting the relationship between depression and the risk of developing dementia, while also providing an update on the most relevant preclinical models for studying depression in rodents.

There is partial evidence that elevated levels of blood β-endorphin are associated with suicidal addiction in adults, but hardly any data on adolescents. Blood β-endorphin, with an important role in addiction management mechanisms, can induce euphoria and happiness, reward and reinforce suicidal behavior. To test whether high repeaters of suicide attempts (5 or more suicide attempts) and self-injurious behaviors (20 or more episodes of self-injury) have higher biomarker levels, a sample of 43 patients aged 12-17 years attending the Psychiatric Emergency Department at the Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda is recruited. Ten present 5 or more suicide attempts, 35 present 20 or more self-injurious episodes and 10 present both characteristics, and most of the adolescents meet addiction criteria for self-injury and suicide. The results suggest that all patients with addiction to suicide also had addiction to self-injury. Blood ACTH, cortisol and β-endorphin and urine cortisol levels were very elevated, but did not differentiate heavy repeaters from the rest of the adolescents.

Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of various psychiatric illnesses. Among its various adverse effects, one very rare but serious one stands out. The development of addictive behaviours such as pathological gambling is a situation that can lead to negative consequences in the personal, social and financial life of patients. A case on aripiprazole and pathological gambling is presented to highlight this rare effect.