Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872626
K. Sim, T. K. Kho, F. S. Abas, F. F. Ting, V. Teh, C. S. Ee
A computerized brain database management system is designed and implemented to replace the existing traditional largely hand-recorded system in the radiological department of selectsd hospitals in Malaysia. The new system provides easy access to patient registration, diagnosis, and appointment. It can also collect, calculate and plot statistical data. Thus, it is a useful research tool. The system is applied to identify non-modifiable risks and analyze modifiable risks in brain infarction patients. The new system has higher efficiency in terms of time taken, cost and data security protection while comparing to the traditional hand-recorded system.
{"title":"Computerized brain database management system for radiological department in hospital","authors":"K. Sim, T. K. Kho, F. S. Abas, F. F. Ting, V. Teh, C. S. Ee","doi":"10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872626","url":null,"abstract":"A computerized brain database management system is designed and implemented to replace the existing traditional largely hand-recorded system in the radiological department of selectsd hospitals in Malaysia. The new system provides easy access to patient registration, diagnosis, and appointment. It can also collect, calculate and plot statistical data. Thus, it is a useful research tool. The system is applied to identify non-modifiable risks and analyze modifiable risks in brain infarction patients. The new system has higher efficiency in terms of time taken, cost and data security protection while comparing to the traditional hand-recorded system.","PeriodicalId":393534,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Sciences (ICORAS)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127378659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872611
K. Shashikumar, C. Venkataseshaiah, K. Sim
We have home brewed a perfect recipe for Arduino automated home utility monitoring and correction system. In this paper, we propose a smart system that could easily be built using off-the-shelf modules and could be programmed to fulfill utility power quality requirements using existing smart utility meters and non-intrusive appliance monitoring and correction system. We have included the hardware design, software, wireless topology system used, experiment results and implemented real hardware load modeling. Our utility monitoring and correction system can be used for detecting energy expenditure breakdown per appliance, detecting power hungry faulty appliance, solving the power quality problem at the root and recognition of occupant activity. The system also able to correct each appliances power factor and suppress its harmonics, resulting in more efficiently reducing of electricity bill of building owners.
{"title":"Automatic sequential reactive power compensation and harmonic suppression at loads using appliance clustering and power quality monitoring","authors":"K. Shashikumar, C. Venkataseshaiah, K. Sim","doi":"10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872611","url":null,"abstract":"We have home brewed a perfect recipe for Arduino automated home utility monitoring and correction system. In this paper, we propose a smart system that could easily be built using off-the-shelf modules and could be programmed to fulfill utility power quality requirements using existing smart utility meters and non-intrusive appliance monitoring and correction system. We have included the hardware design, software, wireless topology system used, experiment results and implemented real hardware load modeling. Our utility monitoring and correction system can be used for detecting energy expenditure breakdown per appliance, detecting power hungry faulty appliance, solving the power quality problem at the root and recognition of occupant activity. The system also able to correct each appliances power factor and suppress its harmonics, resulting in more efficiently reducing of electricity bill of building owners.","PeriodicalId":393534,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Sciences (ICORAS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131541077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872601
N. M. Shukri, K. Sim, J. Leong
This paper studies the Contrast and Brightness Enhancement Technique for Scanning Electron Microscope images. Low contrast and/or brightness SEM image may have some hidden or information loss due to this limitation from image environment. This leads to the design of Minimum Mean Brightness Error Quad Histogram Equalization (MMBEQHE) technique. The MMBEQHE improves the visual image quality (qualitative measurement) and enhances the quantitative measurement (metric). This MMBEQHE technique produces the least amount of Absolute Mean Brightness Error (AMBE) with maximum brightness preserved, good peak signal-to-noise ratio for good contrast enhancement and better Structural Similarity (SSIM) value with better enhancement and still maintain image energy conservation.
{"title":"Minimum mean brightness error quad histogram equalization for scanning electron microscope images","authors":"N. M. Shukri, K. Sim, J. Leong","doi":"10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872601","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the Contrast and Brightness Enhancement Technique for Scanning Electron Microscope images. Low contrast and/or brightness SEM image may have some hidden or information loss due to this limitation from image environment. This leads to the design of Minimum Mean Brightness Error Quad Histogram Equalization (MMBEQHE) technique. The MMBEQHE improves the visual image quality (qualitative measurement) and enhances the quantitative measurement (metric). This MMBEQHE technique produces the least amount of Absolute Mean Brightness Error (AMBE) with maximum brightness preserved, good peak signal-to-noise ratio for good contrast enhancement and better Structural Similarity (SSIM) value with better enhancement and still maintain image energy conservation.","PeriodicalId":393534,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Sciences (ICORAS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126464334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872609
A. Rusli, M. I. Ahmad, M. Z. Ilyas
This paper presents a text-dependent speaker verification using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients technique has been used to extract the characteristic from the recorded voice spoken by the user and SVM is used to classify the all models of the speakers and impostors. A Malay spoken digit database is utilized for the training and testing. The aim of this paper is to improve the performance of SVM by selecting the best order of Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients. Five types of Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients order (5, 10, 15, 20, 25) have been tested and classified using SVM. It is shown that 20th and 25th order of MFCC achieved the best total success rate (TSR) and Equal Error Rate (EER).
{"title":"Improving speaker verification using MFCC order","authors":"A. Rusli, M. I. Ahmad, M. Z. Ilyas","doi":"10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872609","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a text-dependent speaker verification using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients technique has been used to extract the characteristic from the recorded voice spoken by the user and SVM is used to classify the all models of the speakers and impostors. A Malay spoken digit database is utilized for the training and testing. The aim of this paper is to improve the performance of SVM by selecting the best order of Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients. Five types of Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients order (5, 10, 15, 20, 25) have been tested and classified using SVM. It is shown that 20th and 25th order of MFCC achieved the best total success rate (TSR) and Equal Error Rate (EER).","PeriodicalId":393534,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Sciences (ICORAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130228836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872632
H. Akbar, N. S. Herman
In this paper, we propose a method to separate diffuse and specular reflection in dichromatic reflection objects without the need for color space analysis. Based on the histogram distribution of the input image, we assume that a specular reflection tends to increase the brightness value and thus it can be separated from diffuse reflection using thresholding technique. To find the optimal threshold values, we use the chaotic clonal selection algorithm. Then, the segmented specular highlight area is replaced with an optimal diffuse patch based on coherency sensitive hashing. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed specular removal method has comparative performance compared to the standard single-based specular removal methods.
{"title":"Removal of highlights in dichromatic reflection objects using segmentation and inpainting","authors":"H. Akbar, N. S. Herman","doi":"10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872632","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a method to separate diffuse and specular reflection in dichromatic reflection objects without the need for color space analysis. Based on the histogram distribution of the input image, we assume that a specular reflection tends to increase the brightness value and thus it can be separated from diffuse reflection using thresholding technique. To find the optimal threshold values, we use the chaotic clonal selection algorithm. Then, the segmented specular highlight area is replaced with an optimal diffuse patch based on coherency sensitive hashing. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed specular removal method has comparative performance compared to the standard single-based specular removal methods.","PeriodicalId":393534,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Sciences (ICORAS)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114036276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872619
M. Yahya, E. Supriyanto
Blood pressure and heart rate are easily influenced by factors such as nutrition, medications, exercises, emotional stress and environment. Sound is one of the environmental factors that can influence blood pressure and heart rate. Different sounds have specific characteristics that affect the neuro-cardiovascular system differently. A physiological model of the neuro-cardiovascular system has been developed to simulate the effects of sound to the blood pressure and heart rate. The purpose of this model is to obtain the explanation on how different types of sound can effects the heart rate and blood pressure measurements of a person. The model was divided into two: nervous system model and cardiovascular system model. The nervous system model were modeled using artificial neural network (ANN) while the cardiovascular system were modeled using the software Modelica. The ANN for the nervous system model managed to classify the sound with 80% accuracy for systole and diastole. As for the heart rate, the accuracy of the ANN testing is 70%. The model for the cardiovascular system were developed and managed to produce the signal for the blood pressure and heart rate without error. The present systems are not fully developed as most of the processes are still carried out manually. In conclusion, the physiological model of sound effect on neuro-cardiovascular system has been developed but improvements are still required to make the model more accurate and efficient.
{"title":"Physiological modeling of sound effect on neuro-cardiovascular system","authors":"M. Yahya, E. Supriyanto","doi":"10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872619","url":null,"abstract":"Blood pressure and heart rate are easily influenced by factors such as nutrition, medications, exercises, emotional stress and environment. Sound is one of the environmental factors that can influence blood pressure and heart rate. Different sounds have specific characteristics that affect the neuro-cardiovascular system differently. A physiological model of the neuro-cardiovascular system has been developed to simulate the effects of sound to the blood pressure and heart rate. The purpose of this model is to obtain the explanation on how different types of sound can effects the heart rate and blood pressure measurements of a person. The model was divided into two: nervous system model and cardiovascular system model. The nervous system model were modeled using artificial neural network (ANN) while the cardiovascular system were modeled using the software Modelica. The ANN for the nervous system model managed to classify the sound with 80% accuracy for systole and diastole. As for the heart rate, the accuracy of the ANN testing is 70%. The model for the cardiovascular system were developed and managed to produce the signal for the blood pressure and heart rate without error. The present systems are not fully developed as most of the processes are still carried out manually. In conclusion, the physiological model of sound effect on neuro-cardiovascular system has been developed but improvements are still required to make the model more accurate and efficient.","PeriodicalId":393534,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Sciences (ICORAS)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126836840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872627
K. Sim, C. Toa
A new method for signal estimation in the magnitude resonance imaging (MRI) which follows Rician distribution data is proposed. Sigma estimation in the MRI is importance for the various post-processing tasks. Although different methods for sigma estimation of MRI are available, most of these methods require multiple images. In this paper, Nonlinear spatial domain first order moment (NSDFOM) estimator technique is focused. This estimator is then compared with other estimators in terms of the sigma estimation which used only a single image. The experimental result shows that NSDFOM method able to generate more accurate sigma estimation.
{"title":"Nonlinear spatial domain first order moment estimation in magnitude resonance imaging data","authors":"K. Sim, C. Toa","doi":"10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872627","url":null,"abstract":"A new method for signal estimation in the magnitude resonance imaging (MRI) which follows Rician distribution data is proposed. Sigma estimation in the MRI is importance for the various post-processing tasks. Although different methods for sigma estimation of MRI are available, most of these methods require multiple images. In this paper, Nonlinear spatial domain first order moment (NSDFOM) estimator technique is focused. This estimator is then compared with other estimators in terms of the sigma estimation which used only a single image. The experimental result shows that NSDFOM method able to generate more accurate sigma estimation.","PeriodicalId":393534,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Sciences (ICORAS)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121914111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872615
L. Kwek, A. Tan, E. K. Wong
This paper presents the implementation of an enhanced generalized predictive control (GPC) scheme on a two-link planar robotic manipulator performing some repetitive tracking task. The proposed GPC-Gain incorporates a disturbance compensation scheme that combines iterative learning control (ILC) and real-time feedback (RFC) controls. A least mean square error (LMSE) estimator is used to estimate output error caused by repeating disturbances. Through repetitive learning from this filtered output error, ILC predicts the pattern of repeating disturbance. On the other hand, RFC deduces the effect of non-repeating disturbance based on the error feedback information during the ongoing cycle. The learning activity by ILC is regulated using a gain adaptation method. The effect of these estimated disturbances is then compensated in advance in the constrained GPC optimization procedure. Over ten disturbance scenarios, the proposed GPC-Gain scheme reduces the trajectory tracking errors significantly where the average mean squared error (MSE) is merely 49.53% of that of the benchmark. Most importantly, the proposed controller provides a smooth and bounded solution.
{"title":"Application of generalized predictive control with learning-based disturbance compensator in repetitive operations","authors":"L. Kwek, A. Tan, E. K. Wong","doi":"10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872615","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the implementation of an enhanced generalized predictive control (GPC) scheme on a two-link planar robotic manipulator performing some repetitive tracking task. The proposed GPC-Gain incorporates a disturbance compensation scheme that combines iterative learning control (ILC) and real-time feedback (RFC) controls. A least mean square error (LMSE) estimator is used to estimate output error caused by repeating disturbances. Through repetitive learning from this filtered output error, ILC predicts the pattern of repeating disturbance. On the other hand, RFC deduces the effect of non-repeating disturbance based on the error feedback information during the ongoing cycle. The learning activity by ILC is regulated using a gain adaptation method. The effect of these estimated disturbances is then compensated in advance in the constrained GPC optimization procedure. Over ten disturbance scenarios, the proposed GPC-Gain scheme reduces the trajectory tracking errors significantly where the average mean squared error (MSE) is merely 49.53% of that of the benchmark. Most importantly, the proposed controller provides a smooth and bounded solution.","PeriodicalId":393534,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Sciences (ICORAS)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128671775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872606
R. K. Y. Chang, S. H. Lau, K. S. Sim, M. S. M. Too
The number of people suffering from motor impairment is increasing as incidence involving limb injuries can easily happen. These injuries may be traumatic injuries, congenital deformities, neurological and arthritic conditions or regional pain syndrome. Some of these injuries need operative procedure, whilst others use interventive methods. Regardless of the treatment performed, a vital component in the road to recovery should include physical rehabilitation. This paper proposes the design of a Kinect-based framework for motor rehabilitation. Originally introduced as an add-on for the Xbox gaming console, Kinect offers the capability to track the motion of a human body in real time. This research makes use of that capability to combine the Kinect with an easily modifiable application to produce an individually customized home rehabilitation system that will motivate, provide feedback and track the progress of the rehabilitation patient. This paper also proposes an evaluation framework to evaluate the Kinect based home rehabilitation system based on the technology acceptance, the motivation of the patient, and the patient's learning style.
{"title":"Kinect-based framework for motor rehabilitation","authors":"R. K. Y. Chang, S. H. Lau, K. S. Sim, M. S. M. Too","doi":"10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872606","url":null,"abstract":"The number of people suffering from motor impairment is increasing as incidence involving limb injuries can easily happen. These injuries may be traumatic injuries, congenital deformities, neurological and arthritic conditions or regional pain syndrome. Some of these injuries need operative procedure, whilst others use interventive methods. Regardless of the treatment performed, a vital component in the road to recovery should include physical rehabilitation. This paper proposes the design of a Kinect-based framework for motor rehabilitation. Originally introduced as an add-on for the Xbox gaming console, Kinect offers the capability to track the motion of a human body in real time. This research makes use of that capability to combine the Kinect with an easily modifiable application to produce an individually customized home rehabilitation system that will motivate, provide feedback and track the progress of the rehabilitation patient. This paper also proposes an evaluation framework to evaluate the Kinect based home rehabilitation system based on the technology acceptance, the motivation of the patient, and the patient's learning style.","PeriodicalId":393534,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Sciences (ICORAS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127094985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872613
G. S. Lau, R. Ahmad
Receiver diversity related conformance tests of 2G/3G cellular devices either with multipath propagation or not typically would utilize RF channel emulator (or RF fader) to balance the dual downlink signal levels before reception by dual receiver antennas of device. The RF fader has capability to close loop output power level, so it allows user to set the desired output level. With this capability, dual downlink signal inputs into the fader can be level adjusted in order to get the balance and similar output level of both signals from fader. For receiver diversity tests with only static propagation which is default to LTE device, since it is in static propagation, fader would be underutilized for only diversity purpose. To be cost save, such balancing approach could be alternatively replaced with discrete components and software algorithm. A new setup is designed with this approach to balance the dual downlink levels in order to comply the receiver test conformance. This paper will describe about the methodology.
{"title":"Dual downlink signals level balancing methodology for LTE user equipment test conformance","authors":"G. S. Lau, R. Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORAS.2016.7872613","url":null,"abstract":"Receiver diversity related conformance tests of 2G/3G cellular devices either with multipath propagation or not typically would utilize RF channel emulator (or RF fader) to balance the dual downlink signal levels before reception by dual receiver antennas of device. The RF fader has capability to close loop output power level, so it allows user to set the desired output level. With this capability, dual downlink signal inputs into the fader can be level adjusted in order to get the balance and similar output level of both signals from fader. For receiver diversity tests with only static propagation which is default to LTE device, since it is in static propagation, fader would be underutilized for only diversity purpose. To be cost save, such balancing approach could be alternatively replaced with discrete components and software algorithm. A new setup is designed with this approach to balance the dual downlink levels in order to comply the receiver test conformance. This paper will describe about the methodology.","PeriodicalId":393534,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Sciences (ICORAS)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127386168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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