Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222950
Devasis Paul
{"title":"Case Study - Controlling Distortion During Welding of a Composite Joint where Post Weld Machining is involved","authors":"Devasis Paul","doi":"10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222952
Amit Kumar Hansda, Santanu Das
{"title":"Estimation of Bead on Plate Geometry of Super Duplex Stainless Steel on Low Carbon Steel using Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"Amit Kumar Hansda, Santanu Das","doi":"10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222953
G. G. Krishna, K. Jithendar Reddy
{"title":"The Tensile, Hardness and Impact Behaviour of Friction Stir Welded Similar and Dissimilar Aluminium Alloys","authors":"G. G. Krishna, K. Jithendar Reddy","doi":"10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222953","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222954
Manas Kumar Saha, Santanu Das
{"title":"A Comparative Study on Corrosion Resistance of using Copper and Nickel Buttering Layer on Low Carbon Steel while Cladding with Austenitic Stainless Steel","authors":"Manas Kumar Saha, Santanu Das","doi":"10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222954","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222951
A. A. Deshpande
{"title":"Weld Overlay Restoration of Forged DI Pipe Moulds","authors":"A. A. Deshpande","doi":"10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v56i3.222951","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"396 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.22486/IWJ.V52I2.181780
Sk. Abdul Khadeer, P. R. Babu, B. Kumar, A. Kumar
Friction welding is one of the most common methods employed in the joining of carbon and alloy steel tubular sections. In the present work, the analysis of the effect of upset pressure on mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction welded ASTM A 106 Gr. B low carbon steel pipes has been investigated. The test joints were made using continuous drive welding machine with upset pressures of 5 MPa to 8 MPa and evaluated for microstructure, hardness, tensile strength and impact toughness. The weld joints exhibited mostly ferrite and pearlite microstructure in both fully plastically deformed zone (FPDZ), partially deformed zone (PDZ) on the either side of the weld interface and a distinct dynamically recrystallized ferrite pearlite microstructure was observed in the FPDZ at the weld centre line. Better tensile properties were observed in case of the joints made with upset pressure of 6.4 MPa. It is observed that the weld region is stronger than base metal and the hardness has increased with the increase in the upset pressure. Marginal reduction in the toughness was noted with the increase in the upset pressure.
摩擦焊是碳钢和合金钢管截面连接中最常用的方法之一。本文研究了镦压对ASTM A 106 Gr. B低碳钢摩擦焊接管力学性能和冶金性能的影响。试验接头采用连续驱动焊机焊接，镦压压力为5 ~ 8 MPa，并进行显微组织、硬度、抗拉强度和冲击韧性评定。在焊缝界面两侧的完全塑性变形区(FPDZ)和部分变形区(PDZ)焊缝接头均表现为铁素体和珠光体的显微组织，而在焊缝中心线的完全塑性变形区(FPDZ)则表现为明显的动态再结晶铁素体珠光体显微组织。当镦粗压力为6.4 MPa时，接头的抗拉性能较好。结果表明，焊缝区比母材强，硬度随镦压压力的增大而增大。随着镦压压力的增加，韧性的边际降低被注意到。
{"title":"Analysis of Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Friction Welded ASTM A106Gr.B Carbon Steel Pipe Joints by Varying Upset Pressures","authors":"Sk. Abdul Khadeer, P. R. Babu, B. Kumar, A. Kumar","doi":"10.22486/IWJ.V52I2.181780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/IWJ.V52I2.181780","url":null,"abstract":"Friction welding is one of the most common methods employed in the joining of carbon and alloy steel tubular sections. In the present work, the analysis of the effect of upset pressure on mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction welded ASTM A 106 Gr. B low carbon steel pipes has been investigated. The test joints were made using continuous drive welding machine with upset pressures of 5 MPa to 8 MPa and evaluated for microstructure, hardness, tensile strength and impact toughness. The weld joints exhibited mostly ferrite and pearlite microstructure in both fully plastically deformed zone (FPDZ), partially deformed zone (PDZ) on the either side of the weld interface and a distinct dynamically recrystallized ferrite pearlite microstructure was observed in the FPDZ at the weld centre line. Better tensile properties were observed in case of the joints made with upset pressure of 6.4 MPa. It is observed that the weld region is stronger than base metal and the hardness has increased with the increase in the upset pressure. Marginal reduction in the toughness was noted with the increase in the upset pressure.","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116547645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.22486/iwj.v52i2.181779
Bijaya Kumar Khamari, S. K. Karak, B. B. Biswal
{"title":"Relation between Different Process Parameters in Gas Metal Arc Welding","authors":"Bijaya Kumar Khamari, S. K. Karak, B. B. Biswal","doi":"10.22486/iwj.v52i2.181779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v52i2.181779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132752060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.22486/IWJ.V52I2.181777
P. Nanavati, S. N. Soman
Duplex stainless steels solidify as 100 % Ferrite, however solidification of Duplex Stainless steel welds is a function of Chromium equivalent and Nickel equivalent alloying elements, filler metal and base metal composition and associated weld thermal cycle. Resultant solidification mode behavior and hence final weld metal microstructure is always a matter of interest among researcher because mechanical properties and corrosion properties are depending on weld metal ferrite content. The present research is to investigate the solidification mode behavior of duplex stainless steel welds with varying Chromium equivalent and Nickel equivalent ratios and associated weld cooling rate. In order to meet this objective, weld coupon were prepared using experimental Low Nickel, Medium Nickel and High Nickel electrodes using SMAW process, step wise increased in Nickel content from commercially available standard 09 weight percentage Nickel in E2209 design. WRC-1992 Diagram has been used to calculate Chromium Equivalent and Nickel equivalent and predict Ferrite Number using compositions of Base metal and Nickel enriched experimental electrodes. Microstructure characterization of all weld coupons is carried out using ASTM A 923 Method. Calculated values were correlated with the different microstructures developed. According to the findings of the studies, weld produced with higher Nickel content electrode, when cooled with maximum rate approximately 100.8 °C/ Sec , considered under study, exhibited FA-mode of solidification with as low as 1.71 Cr eq /Ni eq ratio and there was no noteworthy presence of intermetallic phases and precipitations in as-weld microstructures at approximate retained ferrite level of 15 Ferrite Number.
然而，双相不锈钢焊缝的凝固是铬当量和镍当量合金元素、填充金属和母材成分以及相关的焊接热循环的函数。由于焊接金属的力学性能和腐蚀性能取决于铁素体含量，因此最终的凝固模式行为和焊缝金属的微观组织一直是研究人员感兴趣的问题。本文研究了不同铬当量比和镍当量比及相关焊缝冷却速率下双相不锈钢焊缝的凝固模式行为。为了实现这一目标，采用SMAW工艺制备了低镍、中镍和高镍实验电极，逐步提高了E2209设计中市场上可获得的09重量百分比镍的含量。用WRC-1992图计算了铬当量和镍当量，并预测了富镍和贱金属组成的实验电极的铁素体数。使用ASTM A 923方法对所有焊缝的微观结构进行表征。计算值与发育的不同显微组织相关。研究结果表明，采用高镍含量电极制备的焊缝，在最大冷却速率约为100.8℃/秒时，呈现fa模式凝固，Cr eq /Ni eq比低至1.71，焊缝组织中没有明显的金属间相和析出，保留铁素体数约为15。
{"title":"Solidification Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel (UNS S32205) Welds as a Function of WRC–1992 Diagram Equivalents and Cooling Rate","authors":"P. Nanavati, S. N. Soman","doi":"10.22486/IWJ.V52I2.181777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/IWJ.V52I2.181777","url":null,"abstract":"Duplex stainless steels solidify as 100 % Ferrite, however solidification of Duplex Stainless steel welds is a function of Chromium equivalent and Nickel equivalent alloying elements, filler metal and base metal composition and associated weld thermal cycle. Resultant solidification mode behavior and hence final weld metal microstructure is always a matter of interest among researcher because mechanical properties and corrosion properties are depending on weld metal ferrite content. The present research is to investigate the solidification mode behavior of duplex stainless steel welds with varying Chromium equivalent and Nickel equivalent ratios and associated weld cooling rate. In order to meet this objective, weld coupon were prepared using experimental Low Nickel, Medium Nickel and High Nickel electrodes using SMAW process, step wise increased in Nickel content from commercially available standard 09 weight percentage Nickel in E2209 design. WRC-1992 Diagram has been used to calculate Chromium Equivalent and Nickel equivalent and predict Ferrite Number using compositions of Base metal and Nickel enriched experimental electrodes. Microstructure characterization of all weld coupons is carried out using ASTM A 923 Method. Calculated values were correlated with the different microstructures developed. According to the findings of the studies, weld produced with higher Nickel content electrode, when cooled with maximum rate approximately 100.8 °C/ Sec , considered under study, exhibited FA-mode of solidification with as low as 1.71 Cr eq /Ni eq ratio and there was no noteworthy presence of intermetallic phases and precipitations in as-weld microstructures at approximate retained ferrite level of 15 Ferrite Number.","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126240179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.22486/IWJ.V52I2.181778
A. Paul
An arc welding joint could utilize the features of discretely different arc welding methods to obtain the desired joint characteristics. The continuous improvement in arc welding controllers has helped redefine the need of proper parametric control of the process. For efficiency and productivity improvement, modern arc controllers come handy to re-define various aspects of the process (e.g. metal transfer, arc stiffness, etc.). One fascinating outcome is the virtual convergence of complete multi-functional arc welding process to GMAW. Still, there are applications where SMAW and TIG welding processes are regularly being used. Like other welding methods, TIG welding, as well, consists of several derivative approaches. For example, for creating joints of reactive metals (aluminum or magnesium), the AC-TIG welding is commonly employed. Here, the role of arc controller is to generate consistent pattern of desirable rectangular shape AC current waveform through the arc gap. It could cause severe stress (during polarity transition) in all secondary side components of the controller. This review, using indigenously designed peripheral interface controller (PIC) based arc welding inverter, explains the role of arc controllers to handle issues of majority of TIG welding applications.
{"title":"Arc Controllers for TIG Welding Applications:A Review","authors":"A. Paul","doi":"10.22486/IWJ.V52I2.181778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/IWJ.V52I2.181778","url":null,"abstract":"An arc welding joint could utilize the features of discretely different arc welding methods to obtain the desired joint characteristics. The continuous improvement in arc welding controllers has helped redefine the need of proper parametric control of the process. For efficiency and productivity improvement, modern arc controllers come handy to re-define various aspects of the process (e.g. metal transfer, arc stiffness, etc.). One fascinating outcome is the virtual convergence of complete multi-functional arc welding process to GMAW. Still, there are applications where SMAW and TIG welding processes are regularly being used. Like other welding methods, TIG welding, as well, consists of several derivative approaches. For example, for creating joints of reactive metals (aluminum or magnesium), the AC-TIG welding is commonly employed. Here, the role of arc controller is to generate consistent pattern of desirable rectangular shape AC current waveform through the arc gap. It could cause severe stress (during polarity transition) in all secondary side components of the controller. This review, using indigenously designed peripheral interface controller (PIC) based arc welding inverter, explains the role of arc controllers to handle issues of majority of TIG welding applications.","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133963274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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