Substance use among youth is a significant public health concern with far-reaching implications for individual health and societal well-being. This review provides a comprehensive review of public health strategies aimed at preventing youth substance use, focusing on the examination of prevention programs and conceptual approaches. Prevention programs targeting youth substance use vary widely in their approaches, ranging from school-based interventions to community-wide initiatives. This review evaluates the effectiveness of different prevention programs, considering factors such as program structure, content, and duration. It highlights evidence-based programs that have demonstrated success in reducing substance use initiation and promoting healthy behaviors among youth. Moreover, the review discusses various conceptual approaches underpinning youth substance use prevention efforts. These approaches encompass socio-ecological models, which emphasize the influence of multiple levels of factors including individual, interpersonal, community, and societal influences on substance use behavior. Additionally, the socio-cultural perspective underscores the significance of cultural norms, beliefs, and values in shaping youth attitudes towards substance use. Furthermore, this review examines the role of policy interventions and regulatory measures in preventing youth substance use, emphasizing the importance of creating supportive environments and implementing evidence-informed policies to curb access to substances and minimize risk factors associated with youth substance use. In conclusion, effective prevention of youth substance use requires a multifaceted approach that integrates evidence-based programs, conceptual frameworks, and policy interventions. By addressing risk factors at various levels and promoting protective factors, public health strategies can play a pivotal role in reducing the prevalence of youth substance use and fostering healthier communities.
{"title":"Public health strategies for preventing youth substance use: A review of prevention programs and conceptual approaches","authors":"Chinyere Assumpta Onyenwe, Chinyere Onwumere, Ifeoma Pamela Odilibe","doi":"10.53430/ijbpru.2024.3.1.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijbpru.2024.3.1.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Substance use among youth is a significant public health concern with far-reaching implications for individual health and societal well-being. This review provides a comprehensive review of public health strategies aimed at preventing youth substance use, focusing on the examination of prevention programs and conceptual approaches. Prevention programs targeting youth substance use vary widely in their approaches, ranging from school-based interventions to community-wide initiatives. This review evaluates the effectiveness of different prevention programs, considering factors such as program structure, content, and duration. It highlights evidence-based programs that have demonstrated success in reducing substance use initiation and promoting healthy behaviors among youth. Moreover, the review discusses various conceptual approaches underpinning youth substance use prevention efforts. These approaches encompass socio-ecological models, which emphasize the influence of multiple levels of factors including individual, interpersonal, community, and societal influences on substance use behavior. Additionally, the socio-cultural perspective underscores the significance of cultural norms, beliefs, and values in shaping youth attitudes towards substance use. Furthermore, this review examines the role of policy interventions and regulatory measures in preventing youth substance use, emphasizing the importance of creating supportive environments and implementing evidence-informed policies to curb access to substances and minimize risk factors associated with youth substance use. In conclusion, effective prevention of youth substance use requires a multifaceted approach that integrates evidence-based programs, conceptual frameworks, and policy interventions. By addressing risk factors at various levels and promoting protective factors, public health strategies can play a pivotal role in reducing the prevalence of youth substance use and fostering healthier communities.","PeriodicalId":393912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology and Pharmacy Research Updates","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.53430/ijbpru.2024.3.1.0040
George A. Komnos, Dionyssios Paridis, Christos Donoudis, Sotirios Sotiriou
Gestational osteoporosis is an existent rare clinical disease presenting with vertebral fractures and is quite often underdiagnosed. Etiology is heterogeneous and risk factors include family history of osteoporosis, low body mass index individuals, women with low physical activity, smoking, failure to achieve maximum bone mass and low level calories nutrition. In our review, we recorded the main hormones and biological markers involved in bone metabolism during pregnancy and breastfeeding period. Regarding imaging methods, ultrasound and magnetic resonance are useful diagnostic tools and MRI can be used as a gold standard when examining hip pain in women who are in the third trimester of pregnancy. Available therapeutic approaches are recorded regarding conservative management and use of medication. The implication of our work is to emphasize the importance of early identification of gestational osteoporosis. Medical specialties dealing with women during pregnancy and postpartum (obstetricians, endocrinologists, orthopedists) should assess the risk factors and be able to make the right diagnosis as early as possible for prognosis optimization.
{"title":"Gestational osteoporosis: Myth or true?","authors":"George A. Komnos, Dionyssios Paridis, Christos Donoudis, Sotirios Sotiriou","doi":"10.53430/ijbpru.2024.3.1.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijbpru.2024.3.1.0040","url":null,"abstract":"Gestational osteoporosis is an existent rare clinical disease presenting with vertebral fractures and is quite often underdiagnosed. Etiology is heterogeneous and risk factors include family history of osteoporosis, low body mass index individuals, women with low physical activity, smoking, failure to achieve maximum bone mass and low level calories nutrition. In our review, we recorded the main hormones and biological markers involved in bone metabolism during pregnancy and breastfeeding period. Regarding imaging methods, ultrasound and magnetic resonance are useful diagnostic tools and MRI can be used as a gold standard when examining hip pain in women who are in the third trimester of pregnancy. Available therapeutic approaches are recorded regarding conservative management and use of medication. The implication of our work is to emphasize the importance of early identification of gestational osteoporosis. Medical specialties dealing with women during pregnancy and postpartum (obstetricians, endocrinologists, orthopedists) should assess the risk factors and be able to make the right diagnosis as early as possible for prognosis optimization.","PeriodicalId":393912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology and Pharmacy Research Updates","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.53430/ijbpru.2022.2.2.0035
Edobor Peter Kenneth Imarenezor, Onolunosen Abel Abhadionmhen, Samuel Tamuno Cockeye Brown, Zakari Isiaka Osheku
Antibiotic discovery was considered a wonder of the world. Shortly after, many microorganisms began to exhibit resistance to prior antimicrobial actions of antibiotics. Notwithstanding, Quinones, Flavonoids, Flavones, Flavonols, Tannins, and Coumarins are major phytochemicals synthesized by plant parts and have shown decisive antimicrobial activities against a panel of microorganisms. In this research hot and cold extracts of fresh and dried Vernonia, amygdalina showed remarkable in vivo antimicrobial activity on antibiotic-resistant Salmonella isolates from various poultry farms and food vendors in Ibi, Donga, Takum, and Wukari. 5 g-10 ml, 10 g-10 ml, 15g-10ml, 20g-10ml, and 25g-10ml are arrays of Vernonia Amygdalina concentrations tested on the inocula. Significant light growth was observed for both menstruum extracts of dried and fresh leaves of Vernonia Amygdalina at higher concentrations levels of 20g-10ml, 25g-10ml, while and moderate growth was seen at lower concentrations levels of 5g-10ml, 10g-10ml. Also, heavy growth of Salmonella was detected in the control plates inoculated with the test microorganism but without the addition of any extracts. Weak political will in implementing regulation policies, funding of research, and perceived antimicrobial resistance to plant extracts as well as acceptability and cultural factors have threatened the extensive use of plant extract in the management of health. Improved universal health coverage and enhanced economic potentials are core benefits of the use of plant extracts for health management. Conclusively, plant extracts possess appreciable antimicrobial activities against Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) microorganisms compared to currently prescribe synthetic drugs. Hence, further studies on clinical efficacy trials and the safety of more plants need to be intensified.
{"title":"Antibacterial potency of Vernonia amygdalina on antibiotic-resistant non-typhoidal salmonella isolates from human and animal sources in southern Taraba, North-East, Nigeria","authors":"Edobor Peter Kenneth Imarenezor, Onolunosen Abel Abhadionmhen, Samuel Tamuno Cockeye Brown, Zakari Isiaka Osheku","doi":"10.53430/ijbpru.2022.2.2.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijbpru.2022.2.2.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic discovery was considered a wonder of the world. Shortly after, many microorganisms began to exhibit resistance to prior antimicrobial actions of antibiotics. Notwithstanding, Quinones, Flavonoids, Flavones, Flavonols, Tannins, and Coumarins are major phytochemicals synthesized by plant parts and have shown decisive antimicrobial activities against a panel of microorganisms. In this research hot and cold extracts of fresh and dried Vernonia, amygdalina showed remarkable in vivo antimicrobial activity on antibiotic-resistant Salmonella isolates from various poultry farms and food vendors in Ibi, Donga, Takum, and Wukari. 5 g-10 ml, 10 g-10 ml, 15g-10ml, 20g-10ml, and 25g-10ml are arrays of Vernonia Amygdalina concentrations tested on the inocula. Significant light growth was observed for both menstruum extracts of dried and fresh leaves of Vernonia Amygdalina at higher concentrations levels of 20g-10ml, 25g-10ml, while and moderate growth was seen at lower concentrations levels of 5g-10ml, 10g-10ml. Also, heavy growth of Salmonella was detected in the control plates inoculated with the test microorganism but without the addition of any extracts. Weak political will in implementing regulation policies, funding of research, and perceived antimicrobial resistance to plant extracts as well as acceptability and cultural factors have threatened the extensive use of plant extract in the management of health. Improved universal health coverage and enhanced economic potentials are core benefits of the use of plant extracts for health management. Conclusively, plant extracts possess appreciable antimicrobial activities against Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) microorganisms compared to currently prescribe synthetic drugs. Hence, further studies on clinical efficacy trials and the safety of more plants need to be intensified.","PeriodicalId":393912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology and Pharmacy Research Updates","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125772236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.53430/ijbpru.2022.2.2.0034
Edobor Peter Kenneth Imarenezor, Onolunosen Abel Abhadionmhen, Samuel Tamuno Cockeye Brown, Zakari Isiaka Osheku
Salmonella species are responsible for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in humans, as well as gastroenteritis in humans and other animals. Although infections caused by Salmonella are treatable using chemotherapy. Sadly, several antibiotics are now resisted by Salmonella. Hence, this research accessed the antibiogram of a total of 120 Salmonella isolates from food vendors (18.30%) and animal sources (81.7%) in Donga, Ibi, Takum, and Wukari. Isolates were subjected to an Agar disc diffusion test and the following results were produced. On the one hand, 83(84.6%), 73 (74.4%), 79 (80.6%), and 76 (77.6%) of the total 98 Salmonella isolates from animal sources were resistant to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, Tetracycline, and Streptomycin, respectively. Also, all 98 (100%) isolates from this category were resistant to Ampicillin. On the other hand, Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin, Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Streptomycin were resisted by 9 (56.3%), 4(25%), 7 (43.8%), 12 (75%) and 5 (31.3%) of the total 16 Non-Typhoidal Salmonella isolates from human sources respectively. 16.7% (1) of the 6 Typhoidal Salmonella isolates from this study were resisted by Augmentin and Streptomycin. Similarly, Chloramphenicol Tetracycline and Ampicillin were all opposed by 66.7% (4) of TS isolates. All isolates showed considerable susceptibility to, Cefotaxime, and Neomycin. Susceptibility and resistant attributes of antimicrobials are consequences to their limited and long-term usage respectively in chemotherapy and food production. Hence regulations should be intensified for antibiotics usage in both animal production and infection management. Also, opportunities for using plant extracts as alternatives to disease management and animal production should be maximized.
{"title":"Antibiogram of Salmonella isolates from animal and human sources in Southern Taraba, North-East, Nigeria","authors":"Edobor Peter Kenneth Imarenezor, Onolunosen Abel Abhadionmhen, Samuel Tamuno Cockeye Brown, Zakari Isiaka Osheku","doi":"10.53430/ijbpru.2022.2.2.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijbpru.2022.2.2.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella species are responsible for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in humans, as well as gastroenteritis in humans and other animals. Although infections caused by Salmonella are treatable using chemotherapy. Sadly, several antibiotics are now resisted by Salmonella. Hence, this research accessed the antibiogram of a total of 120 Salmonella isolates from food vendors (18.30%) and animal sources (81.7%) in Donga, Ibi, Takum, and Wukari. Isolates were subjected to an Agar disc diffusion test and the following results were produced. On the one hand, 83(84.6%), 73 (74.4%), 79 (80.6%), and 76 (77.6%) of the total 98 Salmonella isolates from animal sources were resistant to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, Tetracycline, and Streptomycin, respectively. Also, all 98 (100%) isolates from this category were resistant to Ampicillin. On the other hand, Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin, Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Streptomycin were resisted by 9 (56.3%), 4(25%), 7 (43.8%), 12 (75%) and 5 (31.3%) of the total 16 Non-Typhoidal Salmonella isolates from human sources respectively. 16.7% (1) of the 6 Typhoidal Salmonella isolates from this study were resisted by Augmentin and Streptomycin. Similarly, Chloramphenicol Tetracycline and Ampicillin were all opposed by 66.7% (4) of TS isolates. All isolates showed considerable susceptibility to, Cefotaxime, and Neomycin. Susceptibility and resistant attributes of antimicrobials are consequences to their limited and long-term usage respectively in chemotherapy and food production. Hence regulations should be intensified for antibiotics usage in both animal production and infection management. Also, opportunities for using plant extracts as alternatives to disease management and animal production should be maximized.","PeriodicalId":393912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology and Pharmacy Research Updates","volume":"281 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121048230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.53430/ijbpru.2022.2.1.0033
Michael John Dochniak
Allergies can engender a healthy immune response to harmful viruses. The humoral immune system (i.e., antibody-mediated immunity) creates and regulates endogenous proteins that support a fully integrated immune response to acute infections. A robust and active humoral immune system may inhibit the development of cytokine/bradykinin storms and affect angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression. Humoral skin cream therapy is immune-stimulating and may affect the global burden of morbidity and mortality from acute infections.
{"title":"Allergies, acute infections and humoral skin creams","authors":"Michael John Dochniak","doi":"10.53430/ijbpru.2022.2.1.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijbpru.2022.2.1.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Allergies can engender a healthy immune response to harmful viruses. The humoral immune system (i.e., antibody-mediated immunity) creates and regulates endogenous proteins that support a fully integrated immune response to acute infections. A robust and active humoral immune system may inhibit the development of cytokine/bradykinin storms and affect angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression. Humoral skin cream therapy is immune-stimulating and may affect the global burden of morbidity and mortality from acute infections.","PeriodicalId":393912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology and Pharmacy Research Updates","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130075523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.53430/ijbpru.2022.2.1.0029
Giaampietro Bertasi, Mariana Peroni
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an integral role in wound healing. It provides both structure and growth factors that allow for the organised cell proliferation. Large or complex tissue defects may compromise host ECM, creating an environment that is unfavourable for the recovery of anatomical function and appearance. Bioscaffolds derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of decellularized tissues can naturally mimic the complex extracellular microenvironment through the retention of compositional, biomechanical, and structural properties specific to the native ECM. Increasingly, studies have investigated the use of ECM-derived scaffolds as instructive substrates.
{"title":"The use of acellular dermal matrix in the closure of anterior leg ulceration with exposed tibialis anterior tendon caused by compression dressing","authors":"Giaampietro Bertasi, Mariana Peroni","doi":"10.53430/ijbpru.2022.2.1.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijbpru.2022.2.1.0029","url":null,"abstract":"The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an integral role in wound healing. It provides both structure and growth factors that allow for the organised cell proliferation. Large or complex tissue defects may compromise host ECM, creating an environment that is unfavourable for the recovery of anatomical function and appearance. Bioscaffolds derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of decellularized tissues can naturally mimic the complex extracellular microenvironment through the retention of compositional, biomechanical, and structural properties specific to the native ECM. Increasingly, studies have investigated the use of ECM-derived scaffolds as instructive substrates.","PeriodicalId":393912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology and Pharmacy Research Updates","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123310344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allergic rhinitis (AR) was also called hay fever which was a type of nasal inflammation when the immune system overreacts to environmental allergen exposures. AR’s clinical symptoms included a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, red, itchy, watery eyes, and eye swelling. The fluid in the nasal cavity was usually clear. Patients with AR can affect sleep and work qualities. Seriously, the AR symptoms can also cause asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, or atopic dermatitis. Therefore, it is an important issue to attenuate AR symptoms and research the novel therapeutic drugs for AR patients. The purpose of this study was to introduce an easy-to-establish experimental mouse model of AR. In this study, the male BALB/c mice were divided respectively into as the Group A (n = 12) and the Group B (n = 12). Group A and Group B were designed as the normal control and RA, respectively. BALB/c mice in Group B were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) on day 0, day 4, day 13, and day 20, followed by continuous nasal administration of OVA solution once per day between day 21-43. BALB/c mice in Group A received sensitization of intraperitoneal injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on day 0, day 4, day 13, and day 20 and continuous nasal administration of PBS instead of OVA once per day between day 21-43. Before and after sensitization, the frequencies of nasal symptoms (sneezing, nasal rubbing) were recorded and counted. Results were showed that sneezing times in Group B were higher than Group A on D29, D30, D36, and D43 of the experiment. The sneezing times in Group A were significant higher on D29 and D30 of the experiment. However, the sneezing times in Group B were significant higher on D29, D30, D36, and D43 of the experiment. The rubbing times in Group B were higher than Group A on D29, D30, D36, and D43 of the experiment. The rubbing times in Group A were significant higher on D30 and D43 of the experiment. However, the rubbing times in Group B were significant higher on D29, D30, D36, and D43 of the experiment. Based on these results, a successful mouse model of AR has been established. We hope that this RA mouse model will provide a tool for the research of the novel AR therapeutic drugs and apply these novel AR therapeutic drugs to attenuate the AR symptoms in AR patients in the future.
{"title":"Evaluation of experimental animal behaviors through establishment of an ovalbumin-induced experimental mouse model of allergic rhinitis","authors":"Yu-Hsing Lin, Yun-Xuan Chang, Ying-Ching Hung, Tzu-Yun Chi, Ping-Min Huang, Ya-Peng Wang, Tsung-Han Wu, Yen-Jung Lu, Chia-Yu Lin, Guan-Hong Chen, Chien-Chao Chiu, Ching-Feng Chiu, Hsuan-Wen Chiu, Wei-Huang Tsai, Chia-Chi Chen, Shao-Wen Hung","doi":"10.53430/ijbpru.2022.2.1.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijbpru.2022.2.1.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Allergic rhinitis (AR) was also called hay fever which was a type of nasal inflammation when the immune system overreacts to environmental allergen exposures. AR’s clinical symptoms included a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, red, itchy, watery eyes, and eye swelling. The fluid in the nasal cavity was usually clear. Patients with AR can affect sleep and work qualities. Seriously, the AR symptoms can also cause asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, or atopic dermatitis. Therefore, it is an important issue to attenuate AR symptoms and research the novel therapeutic drugs for AR patients. The purpose of this study was to introduce an easy-to-establish experimental mouse model of AR. In this study, the male BALB/c mice were divided respectively into as the Group A (n = 12) and the Group B (n = 12). Group A and Group B were designed as the normal control and RA, respectively. BALB/c mice in Group B were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) on day 0, day 4, day 13, and day 20, followed by continuous nasal administration of OVA solution once per day between day 21-43. BALB/c mice in Group A received sensitization of intraperitoneal injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on day 0, day 4, day 13, and day 20 and continuous nasal administration of PBS instead of OVA once per day between day 21-43. Before and after sensitization, the frequencies of nasal symptoms (sneezing, nasal rubbing) were recorded and counted. Results were showed that sneezing times in Group B were higher than Group A on D29, D30, D36, and D43 of the experiment. The sneezing times in Group A were significant higher on D29 and D30 of the experiment. However, the sneezing times in Group B were significant higher on D29, D30, D36, and D43 of the experiment. The rubbing times in Group B were higher than Group A on D29, D30, D36, and D43 of the experiment. The rubbing times in Group A were significant higher on D30 and D43 of the experiment. However, the rubbing times in Group B were significant higher on D29, D30, D36, and D43 of the experiment. Based on these results, a successful mouse model of AR has been established. We hope that this RA mouse model will provide a tool for the research of the novel AR therapeutic drugs and apply these novel AR therapeutic drugs to attenuate the AR symptoms in AR patients in the future.","PeriodicalId":393912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology and Pharmacy Research Updates","volume":"277 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132352815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.53430/ijbpru.2021.1.1.0027
Daniel Ekpa Effiong, Timma Oto-Obong Uwah, Aishat I Ghazali
Since the public health crisis brought on by COVID 19 swept across the world in the early 2020, the economies and financial markets of nations around the globe have been negatively impacted. The consequences have been significant rise in unemployment rates, drastic pay cuts of employed workers, drop in the manufacturing sectors with reduced production of goods and services, and a high index in the poverty level. These effects are even more telling in developing nations. Pharmacists, as frontline health workers, and especially those in the academia particularly in developing countries have not been insulated from these harsh realities. This commentary presents the economic realities in a specific developing country in Africa and comments on the challenges and prospects of these resourceful professionals in the healthcare at times like these. An understanding of the present circumstances and awareness of a reachable opportunity could ignite the drive for developing long term adaptive skillsets by pharmacists in the academia.
{"title":"COVID 19 and the Nigerian depressed economy: Challenges, prospects for the pharmacists in academia","authors":"Daniel Ekpa Effiong, Timma Oto-Obong Uwah, Aishat I Ghazali","doi":"10.53430/ijbpru.2021.1.1.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijbpru.2021.1.1.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Since the public health crisis brought on by COVID 19 swept across the world in the early 2020, the economies and financial markets of nations around the globe have been negatively impacted. The consequences have been significant rise in unemployment rates, drastic pay cuts of employed workers, drop in the manufacturing sectors with reduced production of goods and services, and a high index in the poverty level. These effects are even more telling in developing nations. Pharmacists, as frontline health workers, and especially those in the academia particularly in developing countries have not been insulated from these harsh realities. This commentary presents the economic realities in a specific developing country in Africa and comments on the challenges and prospects of these resourceful professionals in the healthcare at times like these. An understanding of the present circumstances and awareness of a reachable opportunity could ignite the drive for developing long term adaptive skillsets by pharmacists in the academia.","PeriodicalId":393912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology and Pharmacy Research Updates","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117162242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.53430/ijbpru.2021.1.1.0022
Hamza Khalifa Ibrahim, Abdulfatah Saed, Naser Ramdan R Amaizah, Aejeeliyah Yousuf, Malak Abdalh Akim Esdera
A fast onset of action and an average period of effectiveness describe the efficacy of lidocaine as a local anaesthetic. Lidocaine is also effective in penetrating the skin and providing an anesthetic on the surface. Long-acting anesthetics, such as bupivacaine, are sometimes recommended for spinal and subterranean anesthesia. Quick start, on the other hand, includes lidocaine. Adrenaline supplements cause absorption to be delayed. Thus a doubling of the length of strong surface anesthesia can be envisaged. For example, for endoscopy, pre-intubation, etc., there are few types that can be used. Lidocaine infusion is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias and is also the best antiarrhythmic medication in Class 1B. (for severe heart muscle atrophy, digitalis injury, cardioversion, or cardiac accumulation). Routine preventive treatment of severe dead heart tissue, however, is not suggested at this stage; Do not be satisfied with the general appreciation for this treatment. Lidocaine was also powerful in treating epilepsy.
{"title":"The effect of lidocaine when used as an area anesthetic or by injection","authors":"Hamza Khalifa Ibrahim, Abdulfatah Saed, Naser Ramdan R Amaizah, Aejeeliyah Yousuf, Malak Abdalh Akim Esdera","doi":"10.53430/ijbpru.2021.1.1.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijbpru.2021.1.1.0022","url":null,"abstract":"A fast onset of action and an average period of effectiveness describe the efficacy of lidocaine as a local anaesthetic. Lidocaine is also effective in penetrating the skin and providing an anesthetic on the surface. Long-acting anesthetics, such as bupivacaine, are sometimes recommended for spinal and subterranean anesthesia. Quick start, on the other hand, includes lidocaine. Adrenaline supplements cause absorption to be delayed. Thus a doubling of the length of strong surface anesthesia can be envisaged. For example, for endoscopy, pre-intubation, etc., there are few types that can be used. Lidocaine infusion is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias and is also the best antiarrhythmic medication in Class 1B. (for severe heart muscle atrophy, digitalis injury, cardioversion, or cardiac accumulation). Routine preventive treatment of severe dead heart tissue, however, is not suggested at this stage; Do not be satisfied with the general appreciation for this treatment. Lidocaine was also powerful in treating epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":393912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology and Pharmacy Research Updates","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128733742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.53430/ijbpru.2021.1.1.0021
Shimeles Getawa Abera, Abayneh Unasho Gandile
Background: Intestinal worm infestation is a global health problem and serious concern for the third world countries. The most common intestinal parasites of helminthes that inhabit in human gut include Nematodes (roundworms) and Platyhelminthes (Cestodes and trematodes) which are wide spread throughout the world. Prevention and control of all parasitic infections including helminthes require research work based on the identification of parasites and associated predisposing factors. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections of helminthes among the asymptomatic primary school children at Woldia town, North Wollo Zone North Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: The study design was school based cross sectional study from November 2019 to February 2020. The technique of sampling was simple random sampling method and the sample size was computed based on the formula proposed by single population proportion to include 442 study participants. The method of data collection was laboratory microscopic stool examination using direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration technique and the structured questionnaires about the associated risk factors and sociodemographic factors. Analysis of the data was made manually using the thematic framework method including the descriptive statistics Result: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections of helminths among the asymptomatic primary school children at woldia town was 96(22.7%). The predominant intestinal parasites of helminthes was Ascaries lumbercoides 40 (9.5%) followed by Trichuris trichiura 18 (4.3%), Hymenolopis nana 13 (3.1%) and Hook worms 10 (2.4%). From the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections of helminthes, 96(22.7%), the results obtained by direct wet mount method was 36(37.5%) while the Formol-ether concentration technique method revealed 60(62.5%). Moreover, the result also showed parasitic infections of helminthes were associated with associated predisposing factors. Concluding remarks and recommendations: In this study the overall prevalence of helminthic infections was relatively lower. However the control and intervention of intestinal helminthic infections requires a constant provision of periodic deworming treatment and regular health educations regarding personal hygiene and environmental sanitations.
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