Pub Date : 2021-06-20DOI: 10.32949/arkhaia.2021.33
Gürol Aytepe, A. Baran
This paper aims to investigate the painting remains and with the help of parallel examples to propose a restitution of the original colourful look of the Maussolleion at Halikarnassos which is the monumental tomb of Karian satrap Maussollos who died in 353/352 BC. It is known that the Maussolleion stood intact at Halikarnassos until an earthquake in the 12 th century AD. The monumentality and artistic effect of the building influenced many architects of its time who later constructed several monumental buildings and it was listed as one of “the Seven Wonders of the World” by the ancient writers. It is well known that ancient builders coloured all the building parts including sculptures, and the Maussolleion was originally richly coloured. The colouring was not only for visual effect but it also created protection layers for the monument as we know stood intact more than fifteen centuries. Newton reported that he had observed parts of the colours were still visible on the newly excavated fragments but he also mentioned that they quickly disappeared after the exposure. A coat of varnish should have protected these colours, which were mostly organic based. The polychromy of the ancient buildings and sculptures has long been in discussion because of the remains of organic colours are scarce and not easily visible by naked eye but the advanced technics applied on the remains in recent times proved that the use of colour in antiquity was extensively common. The investigations and analyses on the existing remains of the Maussolleion also point to the colourful look. Blue, red and creamy white varnish were the dominant colours used especially on the architectural details of the monument, but yellow, brown, light blue, purple and green were also used on the mouldings and sculpture. The technique of gilding and attachments from bronze, precious stones, gold etc. were also employed for the decoration. The use of bluish limestone on the lower parts of the cella, podium, plinthoi and probably for chamber walls was also for decorative purpose and this enriched the look of the monument. All of the evidence helps us to propose the best possible reconstruction on colouring of the monument. Further investigations in the future might reveal more evidence but for now, it seems this colourful look is quite acceptable and it is more than a hypothetical reconstruction for the most parts. The examples from Halikarnassos, Labraunda and Priene indicate the usage of a standard way of painting and point to the unity of the Hekatomnids’ architectural decoration as seen on many parts of the architectural progress of the region.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.32949/arkhaia.2021.28
B. Özdemir, Murat Taşkiran
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Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.32949/arkhaia.2020.23
Esen Kaya
The miniature objects, the subjects of increasing research interest in recent years, are a group of finds frequently encountered in the domestic, funerary and cultic settings. The ongoing efforts to develop definitions and terminology alongside with the analytical attempts to discover the mindset behind miniaturization have had an impact in our attempt of perception of the nature of these objects. The miniature vessels stand as the expressions of miniaturization frequently -and often in large quantitiesdiscovered in religious contexts. These vessels, the formerly assumed economic representations of their full-sized counterparts, are currently considered as the objects manipulating reality in line with the emotions. This study aims to provide an overview of the research in the field through a survey of the selected examples where miniature vessels were recorded in Arş. Gör. Dr. Esen Kaya, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü, Afyon/TÜRKİYE. E-mail: esenkaya.akad@gmail.com / Orcid No: 0000-0001-9546-0541
{"title":"Damıtılmış Temsiller: Anadolu da Kült Kontekstinde Bulunan Minyatür Kaplar Üzerine","authors":"Esen Kaya","doi":"10.32949/arkhaia.2020.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32949/arkhaia.2020.23","url":null,"abstract":"The miniature objects, the subjects of increasing research interest in recent years, are a group of finds frequently encountered in the domestic, funerary and cultic settings. The ongoing efforts to develop definitions and terminology alongside with the analytical attempts to discover the mindset behind miniaturization have had an impact in our attempt of perception of the nature of these objects. The miniature vessels stand as the expressions of miniaturization frequently -and often in large quantitiesdiscovered in religious contexts. These vessels, the formerly assumed economic representations of their full-sized counterparts, are currently considered as the objects manipulating reality in line with the emotions. This study aims to provide an overview of the research in the field through a survey of the selected examples where miniature vessels were recorded in Arş. Gör. Dr. Esen Kaya, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü, Afyon/TÜRKİYE. E-mail: esenkaya.akad@gmail.com / Orcid No: 0000-0001-9546-0541","PeriodicalId":393995,"journal":{"name":"Arkhaia Anatolika Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122480185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-13DOI: 10.32949/arkhaia.2019.12
Aytekin Büyüközer
“lonian Renaissance” is characterized by a revival of Archaic Anatolian architecture influenced by both contemporaneous mainland Greek architecture and substantial technical features introduced by the Hekatomnids and their architects. In this period, new construction programs were undertaken in many cities, and some characteristic construction techniques came to the forefront in these new buildings, such as the double-binder system in the corners, the Karian-Ionian lewis holes, and visible dovetail clamps, which are generally applied on stairs and stylobate blocks. Even though the chronological boundaries of the Ionian Renaissance cannot be precisely defined, the generally accepted view is that it started during the reign of Mausolus and continued until Doç. Dr. Aytekin Büyüközer, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü, Konya/TÜRKİYE. E-mail: aytekinbuyukozer@gmail.com Orcid No: 0000-0001-7788-4404 Bu çalışmayı yapabilmem için gerekli izni veren kazı başkanımız sayın Prof. Dr. B. Söğüt’e teşekkür ederim. Söz konusu çalışma Selçuk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri birimi tarafından 18401154 proje numaralı “Lagina Hekate Tapınağı’nın Korinth Başlıkları” konusu ile ilgili olup, ilgili birimce desteklenmiştir. Aytekin BÜYÜKÖZER 196 about 200 BC. The Karian-Ionian lewis holes, one of the characteristic applications of the Ionian Renaissance, were used in the Temple of Hecate and visible dovetail clamps were used in the Propylon. The fact that these techniques, which are chronologically limited to about 200 BC, are seen in the temple dating back to the late Hellenistic period and in the Propylon dating back to the early imperial period makes the applications in Lagina important. Researchers have assumed the use of these technical details in Lagina to be evidence that the structures belong to an earlier period or early stages of construction. However, such an association is not possible when the inscriptions in the sacred area, stylistic conventions on the architectural decorations of the structures and the historical course of Stratonikeia and Lagina are considered. It should not be concluded from the uses in Lagina that the temple dates back to an earlier date due to the Karian-Ionian lewis cuttings and the Propylon dates back to an earlier date due to the visible clamps. Here, it should be concluded that these techniques continued to be used long after 200 BC as they were applied in the structures dating back to the late Hellenistic and early imperial periods.
“lonian文艺复兴”的特点是受同时期希腊大陆建筑和Hekatomnids及其建筑师引入的大量技术特征的影响，古代安纳托利亚建筑的复兴。在这一时期，许多城市都进行了新的建筑项目，一些具有特色的建筑技术在这些新建筑中脱颖而出，例如角落的双胶结系统，Karian-Ionian lewis孔，以及可见的燕尾夹，这些技术通常应用于楼梯和有柱头的街区。尽管伊奥尼亚文艺复兴的时间界限不能精确定义，但普遍接受的观点是，它开始于摩索拉斯统治时期，一直持续到Doç。Aytekin博士Büyüközer, seluk Üniversitesi, Edebiyat fak ltesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü， Konya/TÜRKİYE。E-mail: aytekinbuyukozer@gmail.com Orcid号码:0000-0001-7788-4404 Bu çalışmayı yapabilmem iin gerekli izni veren kazyi başkanımız sayın教授，博士，Söğüt 'e te ekk r ederim。Söz konusu çalışma sel uk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri birimi tarafından 18401154 project numaralyi " Lagina Hekate Tapınağı ' nın Korinth Başlıkları " konusu ile ilgili olup, ilgili birimice desteklenmitir。艾特金BÜYÜKÖZER 196大约公元前200年。卡里安-爱奥尼亚刘易斯洞是爱奥尼亚文艺复兴时期的典型应用之一，被用于赫卡特神庙，可见的燕尾夹被用于丙基楼。事实上，这些技术在时间上被限制在公元前200年左右，在神庙中可以追溯到希腊化晚期，在丙基隆可以追溯到帝国早期，这使得拉吉纳的应用很重要。研究人员认为，在拉吉纳使用这些技术细节可以证明这些结构属于早期或早期阶段的建筑。然而，当考虑到神圣区域的铭文、建筑装饰的风格惯例以及Stratonikeia和Lagina的历史进程时，这种联系是不可能的。不应该从拉吉纳的使用中得出结论，庙宇的历史可以追溯到更早的时期，因为卡里安-伊奥尼亚的刘易斯切割，而丙基隆的历史可以追溯到更早的时期，因为可见的夹子。在这里，我们应该得出这样的结论:这些技术在公元前200年之后很长一段时间内仍在使用，因为它们在希腊化晚期和早期帝国时期的建筑中就被应用了。
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Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.32949/arkhaia.2019.11
Ayşegül Soslu
Alabanda, which is a Carian city, is located about 7 km west of Çine District in Aydın Province and west of Marsyas (Çine) Stream. Archaeological excavations were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in the northeast of the city center and a two-roomed Pillared Cistern was discovered here. Sseven pools and terracotta pipes and “U” shaped gutter pieces for water collection and drainage systems were exposed in this building. Pottery fragments dating back from the 3rd century BC up to the 7th century AD was found in the cistern. In this study, a total of 24 artifacts, two ampullae, five pots, four oil lamps, four lekanes and nine unguentaria were evaluated. These potteries, which were studied in five groups, were dated from 6th century to 7th century AD by analogical comparison with similar samples. A. Soslu, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Öğrencisi. E-mail: atemel203a@gmail.com. Orcid No: 0000-0002-1104-1145 Bu makale, 2015’te Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü’nde, Prof. Dr. Suat Ateşlier danışmanlığında tamamlanmış “Alabanda Payandalı Sarnıç Hellenistik ve Roma Dönemi Seramikleri” adlı Yüksek Lisans tez çalışmasının bir bölümünün geliştirilmesiyle hazırlanmıştır (YÖK Tez Merkezi No: 413983). Makaledeki figür 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ve 6 Prof. Dr. Suat Ateşlier’in arşivinden alınmıştır, kendisine çok teşekkür ederim.
亚拉巴马达是一个加里安城市，位于Aydın省Çine区以西约7公里，Marsyas (Çine)河以西。2012年和2013年，在市中心的东北部进行了考古发掘，在这里发现了一个两室的柱状蓄水池。七个水池、赤陶土管道和用于集水和排水系统的“U”形排水沟暴露在建筑中。在水池中发现了公元前3世纪至公元7世纪的陶器碎片。本研究共评估了24件文物、2件壶壶、5件壶壶、4件油灯、4件壶壶和9件壶壶。这些陶器被分为五组，通过与类似样品的类比比较，可以追溯到公元6世纪到7世纪。A. Soslu, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü， Arkeoloji Anabilim dalyi, Doktora Öğrencisi。电子邮件:atemel203a@gmail.com。Orcid没有:0000-0002-1104-1145部makale 2015 'te Universitesi曼德列斯,Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu 'nde,教授博士Suat吃ş肝丹ış开张ığında tamamlanmış”Alabanda PayandalıSarnıc Hellenistik ve罗马Donemi Seramikleri”adlıYuksek Lisans特斯卡尔ışmasınıbir bolumunun geliştirilmesiyle hazırlanmıştır(横滨特斯Merkezi没有:413983)。Makaledeki figr 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Suat ate lier 'in ar ivinden alınmıştır教授，kendisine ok te ekk r ederim。
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Pub Date : 2019-09-23DOI: 10.32949/arkhaia.2019.10
Zeliha Gider Büyüközer
{"title":"Anadolu Dor Mimarisi: MÖ 4. Yüzyıl","authors":"Zeliha Gider Büyüközer","doi":"10.32949/arkhaia.2019.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32949/arkhaia.2019.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393995,"journal":{"name":"Arkhaia Anatolika Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130135163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knidos Kazılarında Bulunan Amphora Mühürleri Üzerine İlk Değerlendirmeler","authors":"Erkan Alkaç","doi":"10.32949/ARKHAIA.2019.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32949/ARKHAIA.2019.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393995,"journal":{"name":"Arkhaia Anatolika Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132022582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why are there no Neolithic mega-sites in the Anatolian Euphrates basin A socio-archaeological approach to the marital structure of early farming societies","authors":"C. Bodet","doi":"10.32949/ARKHAIA.2019.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32949/ARKHAIA.2019.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393995,"journal":{"name":"Arkhaia Anatolika Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130132334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marmaris Müzesi nden Genç Bir Kadın (Plautilla ) Portresi: Geç Fark Edilen Bir Prenses","authors":"İbrahim Karaoğlan","doi":"10.32949/arkhaia.2019.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32949/arkhaia.2019.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393995,"journal":{"name":"Arkhaia Anatolika Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133925398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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