Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0145
Onolunosen Abel Abhadionmhen, Edobor Peter Kenneth Imarenezor
The global overwhelming prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis may not be unconnected to the asymptomatic nature of the infection. Over 50% of Chlamydia cases can only be detected through diagnosis. Chlamydia is the most diagnosed sexually transmitted infection in the United Kingdom and higher rates of infection are found in women than in men. Over 64% of diagnosed cases of Chlamydia in the UK are among young adults who are between the ages of 16-24 owing to their risky sexual behaviors. Chlamydia is most blame able for urethritis in both men and women. Although there is no currently known vaccine against Chlamydia trachomatis however, Chlamydial infection is preventable using condoms and treatable using antibiotics. Various programs and policies such as the National Chlamydia Screening Program NSCP have been inaugurated in the UK to encourage routine screening of all sexually active individuals and those who are particularly at risk. Although, the need to intensify more efforts towards effecting positive behavioral change among individuals with risky sexual behaviour. Also, more screening centres should be instituted at various locations easily accessible to individuals who are vulnerable to Chlamydial infection.
{"title":"The prevalence of Chlamydia infection in the United Kingdom (Uk): A critical review","authors":"Onolunosen Abel Abhadionmhen, Edobor Peter Kenneth Imarenezor","doi":"10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0145","url":null,"abstract":"The global overwhelming prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis may not be unconnected to the asymptomatic nature of the infection. Over 50% of Chlamydia cases can only be detected through diagnosis. Chlamydia is the most diagnosed sexually transmitted infection in the United Kingdom and higher rates of infection are found in women than in men. Over 64% of diagnosed cases of Chlamydia in the UK are among young adults who are between the ages of 16-24 owing to their risky sexual behaviors. Chlamydia is most blame able for urethritis in both men and women. Although there is no currently known vaccine against Chlamydia trachomatis however, Chlamydial infection is preventable using condoms and treatable using antibiotics. Various programs and policies such as the National Chlamydia Screening Program NSCP have been inaugurated in the UK to encourage routine screening of all sexually active individuals and those who are particularly at risk. Although, the need to intensify more efforts towards effecting positive behavioral change among individuals with risky sexual behaviour. Also, more screening centres should be instituted at various locations easily accessible to individuals who are vulnerable to Chlamydial infection.","PeriodicalId":394579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research Updates","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126108193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0137
Media Agus Kurniawan, Tengku Gilang Pradana, Purwo Siswoyo, Alfath Rusdi, Andhika Putra
The long-term objective of the study is to determine the extent to which the characteristics of sheep breeders and the contribution of livestock integration to the income of sheep breeders in Secanggang District, Langkat Regency. The specific target in this study is to see the characteristics of sheep breeders and the contribution of livestock integration to income. The integration of livestock and plants is one of the livestock cultivation activities, which is the application of an integrated business between plant commodities and livestock (sheep) commodities that utilize agricultural potential as livestock integration, both in the form of livestock waste and agricultural production activities such as picking their own agricultural products. The concept of livestock and crop integration that is often applied by sheep breeders in Secanggang District, Kab. Langkat is the concept of sheep farming with food crop cultivation. From this livestock and crop integration activity, farmers will get additional income from both the sheep farming business and the food crop business. Organic matter that can increase soil fertility. Therefore, it is necessary to research how big the contribution of this concept of livestock integration to the income of the sheep farmer family is. Not all sheep breeders apply the concept of integration, there are also sheep breeders who choose only sheep farming. So it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of breeders such as those who apply the concept of integration of livestock with plants.
{"title":"Characteristics of sheep breeders and the contribution of the concept of livestock integration to the income of sheep in Secanggang District, Langkat Regency","authors":"Media Agus Kurniawan, Tengku Gilang Pradana, Purwo Siswoyo, Alfath Rusdi, Andhika Putra","doi":"10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0137","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term objective of the study is to determine the extent to which the characteristics of sheep breeders and the contribution of livestock integration to the income of sheep breeders in Secanggang District, Langkat Regency. The specific target in this study is to see the characteristics of sheep breeders and the contribution of livestock integration to income. The integration of livestock and plants is one of the livestock cultivation activities, which is the application of an integrated business between plant commodities and livestock (sheep) commodities that utilize agricultural potential as livestock integration, both in the form of livestock waste and agricultural production activities such as picking their own agricultural products. The concept of livestock and crop integration that is often applied by sheep breeders in Secanggang District, Kab. Langkat is the concept of sheep farming with food crop cultivation. From this livestock and crop integration activity, farmers will get additional income from both the sheep farming business and the food crop business. Organic matter that can increase soil fertility. Therefore, it is necessary to research how big the contribution of this concept of livestock integration to the income of the sheep farmer family is. Not all sheep breeders apply the concept of integration, there are also sheep breeders who choose only sheep farming. So it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of breeders such as those who apply the concept of integration of livestock with plants.","PeriodicalId":394579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research Updates","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132877231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0138
Bokary Allaye Kelly, Amadou Malé Kouyaté, Sidiki Gabriel Dembélé
Parkia biglobosa parklands, face several constraints such as ageing, mortality and poor natural regeneration. In order to contribute to the domestication of the species, a study was conducted in southern Mali. Three climatic zones and two land use systems referred as stands were concerned. In each zone, three plots of 50 m x 50 m (0.25 ha) each, were installed in each stand. In each plot, adult P. biglobosa trees were monitored. The quantity of pods, pulp and seeds was determined each year from 2019 to 2021. The average mean yields were 23.31 kg tree-1, 5.70 kg tree-1 and 5.21 kg tree-1 for pod, seed and pulp respectively. All factors were significant regarding P. biglobosa production as well as the interaction between zone and stand. The production was higher in year 2021 (28.15 ± 31.80 kg tree-1 for pod, 7.06 ± 7.50 kg tree-1 for seed and 6.31 ± 7.28 kg tree-1 for pulp). For all products, fields in the north sudanian zone showed the highest mean yields (40.88 ± 39.87 kg tree-1 for pod, 9.03 ± 8.62 kg tree-1 for seed and 8.79 ± 9.30 kg tree-1 for pulp). The results showed that management practices have an influence on growth parameters of P. biglobosa. They appeared also to be very important in P. biglobosa fruits production. Consequently, any domestication strategy must take this fact into account.
biglobosa公园面临着一些限制，如老化，死亡率和自然再生能力差。为了促进该物种的驯化，在马里南部进行了一项研究。三个气候带和两个土地利用系统被称为林分。在每个区域，每个展台都安装了三个50米× 50米(0.25公顷)的地块。在每个样地监测大白杨成树。从2019年到2021年，每年都会确定豆荚、果肉和种子的数量。豆荚、种子和果肉的平均产量分别为23.31 kg tree-1、5.70 kg tree-1和5.21 kg tree-1。各因子对林分与林分的交互作用及林分产量影响显著。2021年产量较高(豆荚28.15±31.80 kg tree-1，种子7.06±7.50 kg tree-1，果肉6.31±7.28 kg tree-1)。在所有产品中，苏丹北部地区的平均产量最高(豆荚40.88±39.87 kg tree-1，种子9.03±8.62 kg tree-1，果肉8.79±9.30 kg tree-1)。结果表明，不同的管理措施对大叶小檗的生长参数有影响。它们在大叶树果实生产中似乎也很重要。因此，任何驯化策略都必须考虑到这一点。
{"title":"Effect of climatic zone and land use practices on pod, seed and pulp yield of Parkia biglobosa in Southern Mali","authors":"Bokary Allaye Kelly, Amadou Malé Kouyaté, Sidiki Gabriel Dembélé","doi":"10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0138","url":null,"abstract":"Parkia biglobosa parklands, face several constraints such as ageing, mortality and poor natural regeneration. In order to contribute to the domestication of the species, a study was conducted in southern Mali. Three climatic zones and two land use systems referred as stands were concerned. In each zone, three plots of 50 m x 50 m (0.25 ha) each, were installed in each stand. In each plot, adult P. biglobosa trees were monitored. The quantity of pods, pulp and seeds was determined each year from 2019 to 2021. The average mean yields were 23.31 kg tree-1, 5.70 kg tree-1 and 5.21 kg tree-1 for pod, seed and pulp respectively. All factors were significant regarding P. biglobosa production as well as the interaction between zone and stand. The production was higher in year 2021 (28.15 ± 31.80 kg tree-1 for pod, 7.06 ± 7.50 kg tree-1 for seed and 6.31 ± 7.28 kg tree-1 for pulp). For all products, fields in the north sudanian zone showed the highest mean yields (40.88 ± 39.87 kg tree-1 for pod, 9.03 ± 8.62 kg tree-1 for seed and 8.79 ± 9.30 kg tree-1 for pulp). The results showed that management practices have an influence on growth parameters of P. biglobosa. They appeared also to be very important in P. biglobosa fruits production. Consequently, any domestication strategy must take this fact into account.","PeriodicalId":394579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research Updates","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117051506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0140
KOFFI Ahua René, KONE YELAKAN Clarisse Kinonton, KOFFI Affoué Carole, KOUADIO-N’GBESSO Ahou Charlotte Nadège, DADIÉ Adjéhi
Nutritional deficiencies in animal proteins and the absence of food hygiene are increasingly observed among low-income populations in West African countries, including Côte d'Ivoire. In order to contribute to the resolution of this situation which affects food security, this study proposes to promote the production and consumption of Cabe (Cardisoma armatum) by the Ivorian populations. Thus, one hundred male and female juveniles of C. armatum were captured in the Ebrié lagoon. After purification and reproduction, they were subjected to chemical and biochemical analyses. At the end of this study, about 2537 individuals of Cardisoma armatum respecting health and nutritional standards are produced per semester. The assay of minerals reveals, among other things, a respective phosphorus, sodium and iodine content of 343 mg; 402mg; and 100 µg per 100 g of crab. Riboflavin (B2) and panthoneic acid (B5) are remarkable with respectively 0.9 and 1 mg per 100 g of crab. Thus the populations who have adhered to this new nutritional practice, in addition to seeing their health improve, see their financial resources increase through the production and marketing of crabs.
{"title":"Improving the food health and nutritional quality of populations through the production, development and consumption of crab (Cardisoma armatun) in Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"KOFFI Ahua René, KONE YELAKAN Clarisse Kinonton, KOFFI Affoué Carole, KOUADIO-N’GBESSO Ahou Charlotte Nadège, DADIÉ Adjéhi","doi":"10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0140","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional deficiencies in animal proteins and the absence of food hygiene are increasingly observed among low-income populations in West African countries, including Côte d'Ivoire. In order to contribute to the resolution of this situation which affects food security, this study proposes to promote the production and consumption of Cabe (Cardisoma armatum) by the Ivorian populations. Thus, one hundred male and female juveniles of C. armatum were captured in the Ebrié lagoon. After purification and reproduction, they were subjected to chemical and biochemical analyses. At the end of this study, about 2537 individuals of Cardisoma armatum respecting health and nutritional standards are produced per semester. The assay of minerals reveals, among other things, a respective phosphorus, sodium and iodine content of 343 mg; 402mg; and 100 µg per 100 g of crab. Riboflavin (B2) and panthoneic acid (B5) are remarkable with respectively 0.9 and 1 mg per 100 g of crab. Thus the populations who have adhered to this new nutritional practice, in addition to seeing their health improve, see their financial resources increase through the production and marketing of crabs.","PeriodicalId":394579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research Updates","volume":"2 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132744814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0123
Baboucar Bamba, Ismaila Coly, Moustapha Guèye
In Casamance, upland rice is generally practiced on sandy soils very low in organic matter with low yields (1 to 2 tons/ha). The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of different doses of organic and mineral fertilizers on the growth and yield of upland rice. The test was conducted at the ISRA Djibélor station following a Fisher block design with 4 replications. The study factor is organo mineral fertilization with 9 treatments (T1 Unfertilized control; T2 = 0 kg/ha Compost (C) + 100 kg/ha NPK + 75 kg/ha Urea; T3 = 0 kg/ha C + 200 kg/ha NPK + 150 kg/ha Urea; T4 = 2.5 t/ha; T5 = 2.5 t/ha C + 100 kg/ha NPK + 75 kg/ha Urea; T6 = 2.5 t/ha C + 200 kg/ha NPK + 100 kg/ha Urea; T7 = 5 t/ha C; T8 = 5 t/ha C + 100 kg/ha NPK + 75 kg/ha Urea; T9 = 5 t/ha C + 200 kg/ha NPK + 150 kg/ha Urea). The results showed that the tillering is more important with T8 (107 ± 11.49 tillers/m²) and T5 (96.5 ± 24.35 t tiller/m²). The height of the plants is greater with T6 (42.3 ± 2.6 cm) and T9 (62.9 ± 6.0 cm) at booting and with T9 at flowering (92.6 ± 4.3 cm) and maturity stage (98.4 ± 1.5 cm). Paddy grain yield (2,087 ± 1,229 kg/ha) and paddy grain size (28.3 ± 2.9 g/1000 grains) are more influenced by T8. For a sustainable improvement the productivity of upland rice, it is recommended to adopt T8 combination (5 t/ha Compost + 100 kg/ha NPK + 75 kg/ha Urea) for upland rice variety in Southwestern Senegal.
{"title":"Effects of organo-mineral fertilization on plant growth and grain yield of an upland rice variety (NERICA 14) in lower Casamance (South-West Senegal)","authors":"Baboucar Bamba, Ismaila Coly, Moustapha Guèye","doi":"10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0123","url":null,"abstract":"In Casamance, upland rice is generally practiced on sandy soils very low in organic matter with low yields (1 to 2 tons/ha). The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of different doses of organic and mineral fertilizers on the growth and yield of upland rice. The test was conducted at the ISRA Djibélor station following a Fisher block design with 4 replications. The study factor is organo mineral fertilization with 9 treatments (T1 Unfertilized control; T2 = 0 kg/ha Compost (C) + 100 kg/ha NPK + 75 kg/ha Urea; T3 = 0 kg/ha C + 200 kg/ha NPK + 150 kg/ha Urea; T4 = 2.5 t/ha; T5 = 2.5 t/ha C + 100 kg/ha NPK + 75 kg/ha Urea; T6 = 2.5 t/ha C + 200 kg/ha NPK + 100 kg/ha Urea; T7 = 5 t/ha C; T8 = 5 t/ha C + 100 kg/ha NPK + 75 kg/ha Urea; T9 = 5 t/ha C + 200 kg/ha NPK + 150 kg/ha Urea). The results showed that the tillering is more important with T8 (107 ± 11.49 tillers/m²) and T5 (96.5 ± 24.35 t tiller/m²). The height of the plants is greater with T6 (42.3 ± 2.6 cm) and T9 (62.9 ± 6.0 cm) at booting and with T9 at flowering (92.6 ± 4.3 cm) and maturity stage (98.4 ± 1.5 cm). Paddy grain yield (2,087 ± 1,229 kg/ha) and paddy grain size (28.3 ± 2.9 g/1000 grains) are more influenced by T8. For a sustainable improvement the productivity of upland rice, it is recommended to adopt T8 combination (5 t/ha Compost + 100 kg/ha NPK + 75 kg/ha Urea) for upland rice variety in Southwestern Senegal.","PeriodicalId":394579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research Updates","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123514611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rubella can cause arthritis in some women's fingers, wrists, and knees, especially if the infection is complicated. Scarcity of information about the disease in Nigeria, and rubella vaccination is not widely available. This study aimed to look for rubella virus IgM antibodies in non-pregnant women in Rivers State. Method: Ninety-two (92) consenting non-pregnant women attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, were randomly assessed for the study. The sera were analyzed for detectable anti-rubella IgM antibodies following the manufacturer’s description using ELISA kits. Results: Of the 92 samples evaluated for rubella Immunoglobulin M antibody, 14 (15.2%) were positive, and 78 (84.8%) were negative. None of the socio-demographic factors had significant relation with Rubella anti-IgM seroprevalence (p<0.05). Conclusion: The substantial frequency of IgM antibodies demonstrated the existence of the virus and the possibility of new infections of Rubella in non-pregnant women. To determine the predominance of the rubella infection and subsequently design control tactics against it, a surveillance strategy and education of women regarding the implications of the existence of IgM antibodies would be helpful.
{"title":"Rubella-specific IgM antibodies in non-pregnant women in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Chisom Chimbundum Adim, Ngozi Nma Odu, Iheanyi Omezuruike Okonko","doi":"10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0102","url":null,"abstract":"Rubella can cause arthritis in some women's fingers, wrists, and knees, especially if the infection is complicated. Scarcity of information about the disease in Nigeria, and rubella vaccination is not widely available. This study aimed to look for rubella virus IgM antibodies in non-pregnant women in Rivers State. Method: Ninety-two (92) consenting non-pregnant women attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, were randomly assessed for the study. The sera were analyzed for detectable anti-rubella IgM antibodies following the manufacturer’s description using ELISA kits. Results: Of the 92 samples evaluated for rubella Immunoglobulin M antibody, 14 (15.2%) were positive, and 78 (84.8%) were negative. None of the socio-demographic factors had significant relation with Rubella anti-IgM seroprevalence (p<0.05). Conclusion: The substantial frequency of IgM antibodies demonstrated the existence of the virus and the possibility of new infections of Rubella in non-pregnant women. To determine the predominance of the rubella infection and subsequently design control tactics against it, a surveillance strategy and education of women regarding the implications of the existence of IgM antibodies would be helpful.","PeriodicalId":394579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research Updates","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128458479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0143
Tapan Kumar Mahato, Ravi Janakkumar Bhatt, Vikash Agnihotri, Shruti Saraf
Green chemistry focuses on minimizing waste, minimizing use of chemicals/reagents, reducing pollution and preservation of human health and environment. Using conventional methods of synthesis are creating the said problems in present scenario. To solve these problems new alternate methods must be developed. Many alternatives have been already developed but many more have to do. Use of microwave radiations are one the alternative in which these radiations are used for heating purpose instead of conventional heating methods which uses solvents in large amount and requires much time. Lot of benefits are there in heating using microwave radiations over conventional methods of heating but have limitations too. Not for every reaction/synthesis, but microwaves can be only used for the reactant having specific properties. Single mode and multi-mode microwave ovens are usually used for achieving this purpose. Heating by microwave radiations not only saves time i.e. it converts hours to minutes because it accelerates the reaction, increases the yield, reduces the energy requirement and the most important thing is no or minimum pollution/waste. Health hazards are also been noticed in using these radiations both external and internal. This short communication was aimed to find out the necessity of alternative methods of synthesis that fulfils the concept of green chemistry which will fulfill the need of healthy life and environment.
{"title":"Heating using microwave technique: An approach towards green chemistry","authors":"Tapan Kumar Mahato, Ravi Janakkumar Bhatt, Vikash Agnihotri, Shruti Saraf","doi":"10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0143","url":null,"abstract":"Green chemistry focuses on minimizing waste, minimizing use of chemicals/reagents, reducing pollution and preservation of human health and environment. Using conventional methods of synthesis are creating the said problems in present scenario. To solve these problems new alternate methods must be developed. Many alternatives have been already developed but many more have to do. Use of microwave radiations are one the alternative in which these radiations are used for heating purpose instead of conventional heating methods which uses solvents in large amount and requires much time. Lot of benefits are there in heating using microwave radiations over conventional methods of heating but have limitations too. Not for every reaction/synthesis, but microwaves can be only used for the reactant having specific properties. Single mode and multi-mode microwave ovens are usually used for achieving this purpose. Heating by microwave radiations not only saves time i.e. it converts hours to minutes because it accelerates the reaction, increases the yield, reduces the energy requirement and the most important thing is no or minimum pollution/waste. Health hazards are also been noticed in using these radiations both external and internal. This short communication was aimed to find out the necessity of alternative methods of synthesis that fulfils the concept of green chemistry which will fulfill the need of healthy life and environment.","PeriodicalId":394579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research Updates","volume":"437 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122477898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0141
Evelius Vedasto Rwebangira, Valerian Cosmas Silayo, Geoffrey Christopher Mrema
The huge maize grain losses caused by a lack of improved storage methods have a negative impact on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and national food security. Despite the effectiveness of hermetic bags against pest insects and fungal growth; and aflatoxins accumulation, the technology is not widely used by smallholder farmers. The survey study was conducted to evaluate the factors that influence the adoption of hermetic bag technology among smallholder farmers in Kilosa district. A total of 180 respondents were purposively selected based on their ability to store maize produce for six months. The data was collected using a smartphone android and responses recorded by open data kit (ODK). The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model in SPSS software. The descriptive results indicated that overall existing maize storage options among smallholder farmers included interwoven polypropylene bags 43.5%, hermetic bags 17.8% and synthetic chemicals and metal silos account for 38% of respondents. The model results indicated that price, access, awareness, farmer’s experience and training factors had a positive and significant impact on the use of hermetic bags. The price variable significantly and negatively influenced the use of hermetic bags at a P<0.01 level of significance. Other independent variables such as awareness, training, access and farmers experience were positively significant at P<0.05 level of significant. The government and other actors could promote and disseminate hermetic storage bag technology as a sustainable approach of lowering grain storage losses while taking identified factors into account.
{"title":"Factors that influence smallholder farmers' decisions to employ hermetic bag technology for maize grain storage in Kilosa District, Tanzania","authors":"Evelius Vedasto Rwebangira, Valerian Cosmas Silayo, Geoffrey Christopher Mrema","doi":"10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0141","url":null,"abstract":"The huge maize grain losses caused by a lack of improved storage methods have a negative impact on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and national food security. Despite the effectiveness of hermetic bags against pest insects and fungal growth; and aflatoxins accumulation, the technology is not widely used by smallholder farmers. The survey study was conducted to evaluate the factors that influence the adoption of hermetic bag technology among smallholder farmers in Kilosa district. A total of 180 respondents were purposively selected based on their ability to store maize produce for six months. The data was collected using a smartphone android and responses recorded by open data kit (ODK). The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model in SPSS software. The descriptive results indicated that overall existing maize storage options among smallholder farmers included interwoven polypropylene bags 43.5%, hermetic bags 17.8% and synthetic chemicals and metal silos account for 38% of respondents. The model results indicated that price, access, awareness, farmer’s experience and training factors had a positive and significant impact on the use of hermetic bags. The price variable significantly and negatively influenced the use of hermetic bags at a P<0.01 level of significance. Other independent variables such as awareness, training, access and farmers experience were positively significant at P<0.05 level of significant. The government and other actors could promote and disseminate hermetic storage bag technology as a sustainable approach of lowering grain storage losses while taking identified factors into account.","PeriodicalId":394579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research Updates","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123097964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyzes the production impacts of climate change on smallholder agricultural households across Ethiopia. Hypothesizing that climate change affects agricultural livelihoods mainly through productive and distributive effects, this article examines an integrated farm [crop, livestock, mixed] production impacts overtime. Methodically, the comprehensive Ethiopian socioeconomic survey (ESS] panel data, and nation-wide observatory 60-years climate data- precipitation and temperature [1960-2019] were merged to form a joint panel database; then analyzed using Ricardian panel model with random effects regression. Objectively, factor productivity, the rate of convergence, the historical, real, and seasonal climate impacts were investigated against net-agricultural return overtime. The applied panel model augments both the temporal, spatial, and individual effects and yields more efficient and consistent estimates than the cross-sectional and time series models. The results revealed that CC poses net-negative, increasing and significant impacts on factor elasticity, percapita farm output, and net-farm revenue [NFR] due to diminishing marginal returns; the progressive temporal impacts; regressive duration impacts; divergence effects on the growth of net-farm return; and mixed regional, farm, and HH impacts. Therefore, introducing institutionalized sustainable livelihoods framework [green institutions, finance, education, training, research, inputs, subsidy, insurance, market] in agricultural production system would enhance sustainable production and improved welfare among smallholder households even under changing climate.
{"title":"Production impacts of climate change on agricultural livelihoods among smallholder panel households across Ethiopia","authors":"Zekarias Minota Seiko, Engdawork Assefa Tilahun, Tamirat Tefera Negash, Mintewab Bezabih Ayele","doi":"10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0131","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the production impacts of climate change on smallholder agricultural households across Ethiopia. Hypothesizing that climate change affects agricultural livelihoods mainly through productive and distributive effects, this article examines an integrated farm [crop, livestock, mixed] production impacts overtime. Methodically, the comprehensive Ethiopian socioeconomic survey (ESS] panel data, and nation-wide observatory 60-years climate data- precipitation and temperature [1960-2019] were merged to form a joint panel database; then analyzed using Ricardian panel model with random effects regression. Objectively, factor productivity, the rate of convergence, the historical, real, and seasonal climate impacts were investigated against net-agricultural return overtime. The applied panel model augments both the temporal, spatial, and individual effects and yields more efficient and consistent estimates than the cross-sectional and time series models. The results revealed that CC poses net-negative, increasing and significant impacts on factor elasticity, percapita farm output, and net-farm revenue [NFR] due to diminishing marginal returns; the progressive temporal impacts; regressive duration impacts; divergence effects on the growth of net-farm return; and mixed regional, farm, and HH impacts. Therefore, introducing institutionalized sustainable livelihoods framework [green institutions, finance, education, training, research, inputs, subsidy, insurance, market] in agricultural production system would enhance sustainable production and improved welfare among smallholder households even under changing climate.","PeriodicalId":394579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research Updates","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123456732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0113
Yusuf Sheriff Suleiman, Ibrahim Suleiman, Edwin E. Idu, Saliu Abdullahi Abubakar, Rabiatu Abubakar, Faith Ikoghene Agbomakha
The study assessed Soybean Processing for sustainable Food Nutrition among major crops produced in the North Central (Nasarawa State) the sample size was 92 respondents using well-structured questionnaires. The data of the survey was analyzed using descriptive, inferential and logit model. In the study, it was observed that soybean is meanly processing using traditional method 94.6%, the result indicated 26.6% of the respondents used both wet and dry method in soybean processing. Despite the problems associated with processing of soybean, the study showed that majority of respondents (45.7%) used soybean incorporated in other feed. The mean of processing methods was 0.50 out of 48 with standard deviation of 0.51, with standard deviation of 0.49 in Age and (Wald 0.000) income technique. It was recommended that processors should be assisted with credit facilities to enhance their productivity in soybean production and utilization.
{"title":"Review of assessment of soybean processing for sustainable food nutrition in north central Nigeria","authors":"Yusuf Sheriff Suleiman, Ibrahim Suleiman, Edwin E. Idu, Saliu Abdullahi Abubakar, Rabiatu Abubakar, Faith Ikoghene Agbomakha","doi":"10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0113","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed Soybean Processing for sustainable Food Nutrition among major crops produced in the North Central (Nasarawa State) the sample size was 92 respondents using well-structured questionnaires. The data of the survey was analyzed using descriptive, inferential and logit model. In the study, it was observed that soybean is meanly processing using traditional method 94.6%, the result indicated 26.6% of the respondents used both wet and dry method in soybean processing. Despite the problems associated with processing of soybean, the study showed that majority of respondents (45.7%) used soybean incorporated in other feed. The mean of processing methods was 0.50 out of 48 with standard deviation of 0.51, with standard deviation of 0.49 in Age and (Wald 0.000) income technique. It was recommended that processors should be assisted with credit facilities to enhance their productivity in soybean production and utilization.","PeriodicalId":394579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research Updates","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116605535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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