Sina Salavati, Muhammad H Kafrashi, D. Babazadeh, M. Raznahan
Introduction: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy is a non-progressive injury in the spinal cord that can cause infarction in veins of spinal parenchyma which leads to ischemia and necrosis. Case report: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy was diagnosed in a 4-year-old, female, Spitz dog using the clinical neurological examination. The dog was hospitalized, and the treatment including supportive treatment and Cortone was set up for three weeks. Then Diazepam and Methocarbamol were added to the prescription and treatment continued for two weeks. A general improvement was noted after three weeks, and the dog could stand perfectly after 5 weeks. Conclusion: Three weeks of supportive treatment, Cortone therapy as well as the addition of Diazepam and Methocarbamol to the treatment could help the dog to stand on its feet. However, cannot be ignored that knowing about the history of the dog played an important role in its treatment procedure.
{"title":"Case Report of Fibrocartilaginous Embolic Myelopathy of the Spinal Cord in a Female Dog","authors":"Sina Salavati, Muhammad H Kafrashi, D. Babazadeh, M. Raznahan","doi":"10.58803/saa.v1i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58803/saa.v1i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy is a non-progressive injury in the spinal cord that can cause infarction in veins of spinal parenchyma which leads to ischemia and necrosis. \u0000Case report: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy was diagnosed in a 4-year-old, female, Spitz dog using the clinical neurological examination. The dog was hospitalized, and the treatment including supportive treatment and Cortone was set up for three weeks. Then Diazepam and Methocarbamol were added to the prescription and treatment continued for two weeks. A general improvement was noted after three weeks, and the dog could stand perfectly after 5 weeks. \u0000Conclusion: Three weeks of supportive treatment, Cortone therapy as well as the addition of Diazepam and Methocarbamol to the treatment could help the dog to stand on its feet. However, cannot be ignored that knowing about the history of the dog played an important role in its treatment procedure.","PeriodicalId":39525,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76554896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Adzitey, Nicholas Prah, Hafiz Salifu, D. Yidana
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterium which induces a wide range of diseases. Its presence in dogs and resistance to antibiotics is a threat to public health due to the close association of humans with dogs. The objective of the present study was to determine the phenotypic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to antibiotics in dogs without any clinical manifestation of diseases in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. The current study also examined microbial load in these dogs. Materials and methods: A total of 120 samples from various parts of dogs, including the mouth, nose, anus, inner ear, and outer ear, were examined. Isolation and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus were determined using the USA Bacteriological Analytical Manual and the Disc Diffusion method, respectively. Results: The presence of S. aureus in the dogs ranged from 8.3% (anus) to 58.3% (nose), averaging 40%. The microbial load also ranged from 2.9 log cfu/cm2 (mouth) to 3.4 log cfu/cm2 (outer ear) with an average of 3.2 log cfu/cm2. There were significant differences among the examined samples regarding the presence of S. aureus, but not the microbial load. The overall resistance, intermediate resistance, and susceptibility of S. aureus were 46.2%, 12.9%, and 42.2%, respectively. The S. aureus was highly resistant to teicoplanin (88.0%) and susceptible to chloramphenicol (72.0%). The multiple antibiotic indexes ranged from 0 to 0.9, and 89.1% of the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. Conclusion: The findings of the current study revealed that healthy dogs in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana, were carriers of S. aureus as well as other bacteria, and the S. aureus exhibited different resistance patterns to antibiotics.
{"title":"Phenotypic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to Antibiotics in Dogs of Tamale Metropolis, Ghana","authors":"F. Adzitey, Nicholas Prah, Hafiz Salifu, D. Yidana","doi":"10.58803/saa.v1i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58803/saa.v1i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterium which induces a wide range of diseases. Its presence in dogs and resistance to antibiotics is a threat to public health due to the close association of humans with dogs. The objective of the present study was to determine the phenotypic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to antibiotics in dogs without any clinical manifestation of diseases in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. The current study also examined microbial load in these dogs. Materials and methods: A total of 120 samples from various parts of dogs, including the mouth, nose, anus, inner ear, and outer ear, were examined. Isolation and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus were determined using the USA Bacteriological Analytical Manual and the Disc Diffusion method, respectively. \u0000Results: The presence of S. aureus in the dogs ranged from 8.3% (anus) to 58.3% (nose), averaging 40%. The microbial load also ranged from 2.9 log cfu/cm2 (mouth) to 3.4 log cfu/cm2 (outer ear) with an average of 3.2 log cfu/cm2. There were significant differences among the examined samples regarding the presence of S. aureus, but not the microbial load. The overall resistance, intermediate resistance, and susceptibility of S. aureus were 46.2%, 12.9%, and 42.2%, respectively. The S. aureus was highly resistant to teicoplanin (88.0%) and susceptible to chloramphenicol (72.0%). The multiple antibiotic indexes ranged from 0 to 0.9, and 89.1% of the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. \u0000Conclusion: The findings of the current study revealed that healthy dogs in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana, were carriers of S. aureus as well as other bacteria, and the S. aureus exhibited different resistance patterns to antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":39525,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84122357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Babazadeh, A. Shabestari Asl, A. Sadeghi, M. Saeed, Arman Moshavery
Introduction: Portulaca oleracea (PO) plant, Omega 3, and Sodium Selenite plus Vitamin E have antidiabetic effects by compensating for the deficiency in insulin release and enhancing antioxidant status. The purpose of the present study was to comparatively assess the effect of Portulaca oleracea, omega-3, and a combination of Sodium Selenite and Vitamin E on hepatic enzyme activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Rats. Materials and methods: A total of 48 adult male Wistar rats (weighing approximately 220 ± 10 g) were injected by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight.) and were randomly assigned to 4 groups, and 4 replicates for each group. Group 1 served as diabetic control, groups 2, 3, and 4 received Portulaca oleracea extract (1.5 mg/kg/day, orally), Omega-3 (500 mg/kg/day, orally), and Sodium Selenite (0.5 mg/kg/day, orally) plus Vitamin E (400 Iu/kg/day, orally), respectively, for 28 days. At the end of the study, blood samples were taken for biochemical investigations. Results: The levels of blood glucose, AST, ALP, and GGT enzymes in all treatment groups were less than those of the control group. The ALT enzyme activity in rats treated with Portulaca oleracea and Vitamin E plus Selenium was less than in control and omega-3 treatment groups. Conclusion: Results indicated that Portulaca oleracea is more effective in hepatic enzyme activities of diabetic rats, compared to other treatment groups.
{"title":"Comparative Histopathologic Evaluation of the Effects of Portulaca oleracea, Omega-3, and Combination of Sodium Selenite and Vitamin E on Hepatic Enzymes of Experimental Diabetic Rats","authors":"D. Babazadeh, A. Shabestari Asl, A. Sadeghi, M. Saeed, Arman Moshavery","doi":"10.58803/saa.v1i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58803/saa.v1i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Portulaca oleracea (PO) plant, Omega 3, and Sodium Selenite plus Vitamin E have antidiabetic effects by compensating for the deficiency in insulin release and enhancing antioxidant status. The purpose of the present study was to comparatively assess the effect of Portulaca oleracea, omega-3, and a combination of Sodium Selenite and Vitamin E on hepatic enzyme activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Rats. \u0000Materials and methods: A total of 48 adult male Wistar rats (weighing approximately 220 ± 10 g) were injected by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight.) and were randomly assigned to 4 groups, and 4 replicates for each group. Group 1 served as diabetic control, groups 2, 3, and 4 received Portulaca oleracea extract (1.5 mg/kg/day, orally), Omega-3 (500 mg/kg/day, orally), and Sodium Selenite (0.5 mg/kg/day, orally) plus Vitamin E (400 Iu/kg/day, orally), respectively, for 28 days. At the end of the study, blood samples were taken for biochemical investigations. \u0000Results: The levels of blood glucose, AST, ALP, and GGT enzymes in all treatment groups were less than those of the control group. The ALT enzyme activity in rats treated with Portulaca oleracea and Vitamin E plus Selenium was less than in control and omega-3 treatment groups. \u0000Conclusion: Results indicated that Portulaca oleracea is more effective in hepatic enzyme activities of diabetic rats, compared to other treatment groups.","PeriodicalId":39525,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78959508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In both human and veterinary medicine, the failure of apparently appropriate antimicrobial therapy is a common and often exasperating clinical problem. Many factors are associated with the failure of antibiotic therapy, including an incorrect diagnosis of infectious disease, selection of the inappropriate antibiotic, and incorrect dosage. To achieve the best results, bacteriological diagnostics in the laboratory should be made. Even though the in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing guides the potentially suitable antimicrobials, the in-vitro susceptibility obtained is not always the best in-vivo. The clinician should be aware of other factors, including biofilm-forming bacteria, physicochemical conditions at the site of infection (such as perfusion rate, oxygen partial pressure, and pH value), or immunosuppression of the patient that can lead to failure of the treatment. This review summarized the main factors associated with antibiotic failure in a veterinarian practice. In a world where animal and human resistance to an antibiotic is rising every year, rational and efficient use of antibiotic therapy is of utmost importance. It is essential to continue with the education of veterinary practitioners in all aspects of antimicrobial resistance and treatment to improve future treatments and have a more rational use of antibiotics to reduce antibiotic resistance in animals and humans.
{"title":"Why Do Antibiotics Fail? A Veterinary Perspective","authors":"Andreia Garcês","doi":"10.58803/saa.v1i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58803/saa.v1i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"In both human and veterinary medicine, the failure of apparently appropriate antimicrobial therapy is a common and often exasperating clinical problem. Many factors are associated with the failure of antibiotic therapy, including an incorrect diagnosis of infectious disease, selection of the inappropriate antibiotic, and incorrect dosage. To achieve the best results, bacteriological diagnostics in the laboratory should be made. Even though the in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing guides the potentially suitable antimicrobials, the in-vitro susceptibility obtained is not always the best in-vivo. The clinician should be aware of other factors, including biofilm-forming bacteria, physicochemical conditions at the site of infection (such as perfusion rate, oxygen partial pressure, and pH value), or immunosuppression of the patient that can lead to failure of the treatment. This review summarized the main factors associated with antibiotic failure in a veterinarian practice. In a world where animal and human resistance to an antibiotic is rising every year, rational and efficient use of antibiotic therapy is of utmost importance. It is essential to continue with the education of veterinary practitioners in all aspects of antimicrobial resistance and treatment to improve future treatments and have a more rational use of antibiotics to reduce antibiotic resistance in animals and humans.","PeriodicalId":39525,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81790177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.007
{"title":"Survival of cats with mediastinal cysts","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39525,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages 6-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41864604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.008
{"title":"Determination of the lateral extent of the wound bed in cadavers to replicate tumor excision","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39525,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages 7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46714614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.004
{"title":"Fecal short-chain fatty acid and dysbiosis in dogs with chronic enteropathy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39525,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery","volume":"33 12","pages":"Page 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44069502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.006
{"title":"Plasma renin activity and aldosterone in dogs with portosystemic collaterals","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39525,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery","volume":"33 12","pages":"Page 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43929023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review on Abdominal Point-of-Care Ultrasound","authors":"Brittany Curtis DVM, Adesola Odunayo DVM, MS, DACVECC","doi":"10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39525,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages 1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41379142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.003
{"title":"Bile duct obstruction associated with pancreatitis in dogs","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39525,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages 4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.asams.2020.12.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46425802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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