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Nature-based tourism and guided wildlife tours: designing wildlife tour experiences that optimise sustainable learning opportunities 基于自然的旅游和野生动物导游:设计野生动物旅游体验,优化可持续学习机会
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2022.2098963
Jonathon Spring
ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to investigate the interplay of tourists, nature, learning and memorable yet sustainable wildlife experiences in order to understand how, why, and where learning occurs during a tour, and what may hinder the learning process experienced. Participant observation and interviews of 67 tours and 122 interviews over a three-year period using Critical Incident Technique and narrative methods to identify the 10 case studies used in this paper. Interviews covered visitors and guides and thematic analysis was used to identify three main themes and ten sub-themes. These led to the development of a model of learning opportunities through wildlife tours. The model situates visitor experience in terms of the temporal nature of the wildlife tour and four key zones that impact on the ability of visitors to learn during their tour – zones of infrastructure and services; Guide-Visitor-Interaction; perceived constraints and interaction with wildlife. Learning, experiencing, reinforcement or stasis are the four states connected to the experiential outcomes of interpretation. The findings demonstrate the complexity involved in how visitors cognitively interpret, evaluate, and appraise their tour experiences and confirm the need to use an approach that captures the dynamic nature of tourist experiences.
本研究的目的是调查游客、自然、学习和难忘但可持续的野生动物体验之间的相互作用,以了解在旅游中学习是如何、为什么、在哪里发生的,以及什么可能阻碍学习过程的经历。使用关键事件技术和叙事方法,对三年内67次旅行和122次访谈进行参与者观察和访谈,以确定本文中使用的10个案例研究。访问对象包括游客和导游,专题分析用于确定三个主要主题和十个次级主题。这导致了一种通过野生动物之旅学习机会的模式的发展。该模型根据野生动物旅游的时间性质和四个影响游客在旅游期间学习能力的关键区域来定位游客体验:基础设施和服务区域;Guide-Visitor-Interaction;感知约束和与野生动物的互动。学习、体验、强化或停滞是与解释的经验结果相关的四种状态。研究结果表明,游客如何在认知上解释、评估和评价他们的旅游体验是复杂的,并证实了使用一种捕捉旅游体验动态本质的方法的必要性。
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引用次数: 2
Investigating values of green marketing tools in predicting tourists’ eco-friendly attitudes and behavior 绿色营销工具在预测游客环保态度和行为方面的价值调查
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2022.2075003
Ivana Šagovnović, I. Stamenković
ABSTRACT The environment often suffers harmful consequences caused by the irresponsible behavior of individuals and businesses. In this sense, neither the tourism industry nor tourists are spared these accusations. Therefore, tourism literature highlights the significance of exploring tourists’ eco-friendly attitudes and behavior and determinants of the formation of both eco-friendly attitudes and behavior. Additionally, consumer literature sheds light on how important green marketing is in changing consumers’ behavior and leading them towards greener consumption behavior. Nevertheless, existing tourism literature on the role of green marketing approaches in predicting tourists’ eco-friendly attitudes and behavior is quite scarce. Hence, the principal aim of the research was to investigate whether the green marketing tool – green packaging and branding, influences tourists’ eco-friendly attitudes and behavior. Additionally, the present paper focused on tourists’ preferences toward green packaging. In an effort to establish this, survey research was conducted among 368 Serbian tourists. The results showed that green packaging and branding positively shape tourists eco-friendly attitudes and behavior, and that attitudes represent significant predictor of behavior. The valuable contribution of this paper lies in practical implications for destination marketers, which highlight how the promotion of green products in tourism could enhance potential tourists’ eco-friendly attitudes and behavior.
摘要个人和企业不负责任的行为往往会给环境带来有害后果。从这个意义上说,无论是旅游业还是游客,都没有受到这些指责。因此,旅游文献强调了探索游客生态友好态度和行为的意义,以及生态友好态度与行为形成的决定因素。此外,消费者文献揭示了绿色营销在改变消费者行为和引导他们走向更环保的消费行为方面的重要性。尽管如此,关于绿色营销方法在预测游客环保态度和行为方面的作用的现有旅游文献相当少。因此,本研究的主要目的是调查绿色营销工具——绿色包装和品牌——是否会影响游客的环保态度和行为。此外,本文还重点研究了游客对绿色包装的偏好。为了确定这一点,对368名塞尔维亚游客进行了调查研究。结果表明,绿色包装和品牌塑造了游客的环保态度和行为,而这种态度是行为的重要预测因素。本文的宝贵贡献在于对目的地营销人员的实际意义,强调了在旅游业中推广绿色产品如何提高潜在游客的环保态度和行为。
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引用次数: 1
Memorable nature-based tourism experience, place attachment and tourists’ environmentally responsible behaviour 令人难忘的自然旅游体验、地点依恋与游客的环境责任行为
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2022.2091581
Erose Sthapit, Peter Björk, Dafnis N. Coudounaris
ABSTRACT This study tests a new model for memorable nature-based tourism experiences by examining the effects of novelty, experiencescape, experience co-creation, experience intensification and satisfaction. The study also examines the relationship between memorable nature-based tourism experiences, place attachment and tourists' environmentally responsible behaviour. Data were gathered from tourists who visited a national park within the three months preceding the data collection period (January-March 2021) using an online survey questionnaire distributed through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) in March 2021. This study's main contributions include the expansion of the memorable tourism experience construct and the inclusion of four key variables that influence place attachment in the formation of tourists' memorable nature-based tourism experiences. The relationship between place attachment and tourists' environmentally responsible behaviour was also shown to be significant.
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引用次数: 14
Factors affecting psychological commitment and loyalty to parks and other forms of protected areas in Canada 影响加拿大公园和其他形式保护区的心理承诺和忠诚的因素
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2022.2076858
Steven E. Mock, E. Halpenny, Rebecca Koroll, Clara-Jane Blye, P. Eagles, Dylan Flannery, C. Lemieux, S. Doherty
ABSTRACT We use a model of psychological commitment to better understand the diverse motivations that enhance behavioural loyalty to parks and protected areas. Psychological commitment reflects the degree to which an individual identifies with, wants to learn about, and chooses freely to engage with a particular phenomenon, and these factors, in turn, lead to greater loyalty and resistance to alternatives. With data collected from 634 park visitors in Alberta, Canada, we tested demographic variation and motivations that may be linked to this process of commitment. Women were more likely than men to see park visits as a reflection of their identities and also had a greater sense of volition regarding park visits. Older adults wanted to know more about the parks and also had a greater overall level of commitment. Psycho-social, spiritual, and economic motivations varied in terms of their associations with commitment, but these associations were always positive. Few variations in motivations by demographic characteristics were found. Finally, a combined assessment of commitment was associated with greater behavioural loyalty (e.g. duration and number of park visits). Park agencies can use these findings to attract and retain visitors and facilitate park experiences, with special emphasis on motives and demographic variations.
我们使用心理承诺模型来更好地理解提高对公园和保护区行为忠诚的各种动机。心理承诺反映了一个人对某一特定现象的认同、了解和自由选择的程度,而这些因素反过来又会导致更大的忠诚度和对替代方案的抵抗力。我们收集了来自加拿大阿尔伯塔省634名公园游客的数据,测试了可能与这一承诺过程相关的人口统计学差异和动机。女性比男性更有可能把去公园看作是她们身份的反映,而且在去公园的时候也有更强的意志力。老年人想要了解更多关于公园的事情,也有更大的总体承诺。社会心理、精神和经济动机与承诺的关联各不相同,但这些关联总是积极的。人口学特征对动机的影响微乎其微。最后,对承诺的综合评估与更高的行为忠诚度相关(例如,公园访问的持续时间和次数)。公园机构可以利用这些发现来吸引和留住游客,并促进公园体验,特别强调动机和人口变化。
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引用次数: 1
The environmental dimension of ecotourism in Italian protected areas: a comparison of two bio-geographical regions based on the assessment of accredited hiking guides 意大利保护区生态旅游的环境层面:基于认证徒步导游评估的两个生物地理区域的比较
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2022.2080215
J. Palli, Chiara Cagnetti, Cesare Emanuel, S. Ferrari, G. Filibeck, T. Forte, C. Franceschini, A. Giorgi, V. Leoni, S. Poponi, A. Ruggieri, G. Piovesan
ABSTRACT Ecotourism is increasing in protected areas but assessing its sustainability and contribution to nature conservation remains a challenging task. Guides, located at the interface between various stakeholders (park managers, local communities and tourists), can provide insight into the environmental dimension of ecotourism. However, people may perceive the value of natural ecosystems differently, according to the bio-geographical regions in which they live. In this study, 109 questionnaires (36% response rate) obtained from guides operating in protected areas of two different bio-geographical regions in Italy – the Alps (temperate) and Apennines (Mediterranean) – were analysed. All guides acknowledged the key role of protected areas and the importance of sustainable tourism for nature conservation. Differences emerged over issues such as the perception of the ecological impact of forestry or the reasons tourists choose to visit protected areas. Whereas in the temperate region ecotourism is mainly focused on the enjoyment of outdoor recreation, in the Mediterranean region, the discovery of villages and local and organic food represent relevant attractions. Guides are pivotal in raising tourist awareness of sustainability, explaining biodiversity conservation strategies and reducing ecotourism’s ecological footprint. However, findings reveals that up-to-date training in conservation ecology is necessary to achieve environmental sustainability goals.
摘要生态旅游在保护区日益增多,但评估其可持续性和对自然保护的贡献仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。导游位于各种利益相关者(公园管理者、当地社区和游客)之间的界面,可以深入了解生态旅游的环境层面。然而,根据人们生活的生物地理区域,人们可能会对自然生态系统的价值有不同的看法。在这项研究中,分析了从意大利两个不同生物地理区域——阿尔卑斯山(温带)和亚平宁山脉(地中海)——保护区的导游那里获得的109份问卷(36%的回复率)。所有导游都承认保护区的关键作用以及可持续旅游对自然保护的重要性。在对森林生态影响的看法或游客选择参观保护区的原因等问题上出现了分歧。在温带地区,生态旅游主要侧重于享受户外娱乐,而在地中海地区,发现村庄以及当地和有机食品是相关的吸引力。导游在提高游客对可持续性的认识、解释生物多样性保护战略和减少生态旅游的生态足迹方面至关重要。然而,研究结果表明,为了实现环境可持续性目标,有必要进行最新的保护生态学培训。
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引用次数: 2
Four ecotourism archetypes: expressing symbolic desires 四种生态旅游原型:表达象征性欲望
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2022.2077355
Vimala Kunchamboo, V. Little
ABSTRACT Most ecotourism research focuses on logical, expressed desires, while deeper meanings (or symbolic desires), are less well understood, perhaps because elicitation is difficult. Consequently, prior research is relatively limited on the deeper motivations driving ecotourism behaviour. To address that lack, an ethnographic study of nature-based tourism activities in Malaysia and a symbolic interactionist approach is taken to unpack hedonic meaning-making. The data gave rise to four ecotourist archetypes: The champion, the adherent, the acolyte, and the spa-goer, for ecotourists seeking trial, spiritual, learning and purification benefits, respectively. The study provides both greater insight into how to use ethnographic research to elicit symbolic desires in ecotourism, and practitioner support for the design and delivery of more fulfilling nature-based tourism experiences. The archetypes can be viewed as a symbolic benefits-based market segmentation schema, forming the basis for developing more effective targeting, positioning, branding and value propositions for nature-based tourism activities.
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引用次数: 0
Natural heritage tourism: does co-creation matter? 自然遗产旅游:共同创造重要吗?
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2022.2079651
Bailey Ashton Adie, Babak Taheri, M. Gannon
ABSTRACT Using a mixed-methods approach, this study investigates value co-creation within the context of natural heritage tourism. It focuses on those visiting the largest lake-water cave in the world: Alisadr, Iran. Semi-structured interviews (n = 22) were conducted to explore visitor experiences, complemented by a face-to-face questionnaire (n = 850) investigating the relationships among perceptions of value co-creation, leisure involvement, perceived experience value, satisfaction, and braggart word-of-mouth. The findings demonstrate that perceived value co-creation, leisure involvement, and perceived experience value influence visitor satisfaction and braggart word-of-mouth, with theoretical and managerial implications provided by way of conclusion.
摘要本研究采用混合方法研究自然遗产旅游背景下的价值共创。它聚焦于那些参观世界上最大的湖水洞穴的人:伊朗的阿里萨德。半结构化访谈(n = 22)是为了探索游客体验,并辅以面对面问卷(n = 850)调查了价值共创、休闲参与、感知体验价值、满意度和吹牛口口相传之间的关系。研究结果表明,感知价值共创、休闲参与和感知体验价值影响游客满意度和吹牛者口碑,并通过结论提供了理论和管理启示。
{"title":"Natural heritage tourism: does co-creation matter?","authors":"Bailey Ashton Adie, Babak Taheri, M. Gannon","doi":"10.1080/14724049.2022.2079651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2022.2079651","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using a mixed-methods approach, this study investigates value co-creation within the context of natural heritage tourism. It focuses on those visiting the largest lake-water cave in the world: Alisadr, Iran. Semi-structured interviews (n = 22) were conducted to explore visitor experiences, complemented by a face-to-face questionnaire (n = 850) investigating the relationships among perceptions of value co-creation, leisure involvement, perceived experience value, satisfaction, and braggart word-of-mouth. The findings demonstrate that perceived value co-creation, leisure involvement, and perceived experience value influence visitor satisfaction and braggart word-of-mouth, with theoretical and managerial implications provided by way of conclusion.","PeriodicalId":39714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecotourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45623533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Extended reality and sustainable tourism: restorying human–wildlife relationships for biocultural conservation 扩展现实与可持续旅游:为生物文化保护恢复人类与野生动物的关系
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-13 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2022.2055046
Julia R. Branstrator, C. T. Cavaliere, Lina Xiong, David W. Knight
ABSTRACT Through a critical pedagogical framework, global conservation initiatives are integrated to curate a transformational extended reality (XR) curriculum in nature-based tourism (NBT). This proposed design affects visitors’ protected area experience and supports human–wildlife relationships through XR exposure (before), peak NBT experiences (during), and post-experience reflections (after). The authors’ XR design entitled Knowing Wolves (KW) is inspired by Colorado’s publicly approved Gray Wolf reintroduction legislation and reorients the visitor experiencescape as a conduit for wildlife agency after exposure to critical thinking engagement for biocultural conservation. The authors analyze four international initiatives featuring human–wildlife criteria including the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria, the Convention on Biological Diversity post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. The XR curriculum challenges practices of colonial conservation, integrates environmental intersectionality and critical inquiry to support engagement with posthumanism philosophy and agency of oppressed groups.
通过一个关键的教学框架,全球保护倡议被整合到以自然为基础的旅游(NBT)的转型扩展现实(XR)课程中。这个提议的设计影响了游客的保护区体验,并通过XR曝光(之前)、高峰NBT体验(期间)和体验后反思(之后)来支持人类与野生动物的关系。作者的XR设计名为“认识狼”(KW),其灵感来自科罗拉多州公开批准的灰狼重新引入立法,并将游客体验重新定位为野生动物机构在接触批判性思维参与生物文化保护后的渠道。作者分析了包括联合国可持续发展目标、全球可持续旅游标准、《生物多样性公约2020年后全球生物多样性框架》和《濒危物种国际贸易公约》在内的四项以人类与野生动物标准为特征的国际倡议。XR课程挑战了殖民保护的实践,整合了环境交叉性和批判性探究,以支持与后人文主义哲学和被压迫群体代理的接触。
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引用次数: 4
Environmental and social outcomes of ecotourism in the dry rangelands of China 中国干旱区生态旅游的环境与社会效应
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2022.2048841
Lin Li, Yinxiao Dong, Tao Zhang, Hongyi Wang, Huiting Li, Angfei Li
ABSTRACT Ecotourism is a promising solution for channeling tourism revenues to promote nature conservation and poverty alleviation. However, vulnerable social-ecological conditions may limit the effects of ecotourism in dry rangelands around the world. This study implemented a paired experimental design to survey social-ecological impacts of ecotourism in Ergun grassland, one of China’s most commended ecotourism regions. Compared with livestock feeding business, local ecotourism achieved several sustainable development goals, such as providing income for local people, improving community cooperation, and raising conservation awareness. However, ecotourism caused the loss of forb species and subsequent decreases in ecosystem services. Therefore, ecotourism still had room for improvement in this region, considered the epitome for ecotourism in dry rangelands of China. Besides, climate change and adverse market conditions limited ecotourism to provide enough revenues for local people. Hence, it was better to integrate ecotourism and livestock feeding rather than replace livestock feeding with ecotourism in grassland conservation. In addition, although community-based ecotourism had showed its advantage in this region, it is out of the local community’s capacity to establish a fair market institution and build the necessary infrastructure. Further community engagement and multiple stakeholders’ cooperation are needed to ensure both better public services and vibrant communities.
生态旅游是引导旅游收入促进自然保护和扶贫的一个很有前途的解决方案。然而,脆弱的社会生态条件可能会限制生态旅游在全球干旱草原的效果。本研究采用配对实验设计,对中国最受欢迎的生态旅游区之一额尔衮草原生态旅游的社会生态影响进行研究。与牲畜饲养业务相比,当地生态旅游实现了几个可持续发展目标,如为当地居民提供收入,改善社区合作,提高保护意识。然而,生态旅游造成了植物物种的减少和生态系统服务功能的下降。因此,该地区的生态旅游仍有很大的发展空间,可以被认为是中国干旱草原生态旅游的缩影。此外,气候变化和不利的市场条件限制了生态旅游为当地居民提供足够的收入。因此,在草地保护中,最好将生态旅游与牲畜饲养结合起来,而不是用生态旅游代替牲畜饲养。此外,虽然以社区为基础的生态旅游在该地区显示出优势,但它超出了当地社区建立公平市场制度和建设必要基础设施的能力。为了确保更好的公共服务和充满活力的社区,需要进一步的社区参与和多个利益攸关方的合作。
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引用次数: 1
Motivation and service quality relationship with visitor satisfaction and loyalty intentions in a mountainous protected area 旅游动机、服务质量与游客满意度和忠诚度的关系
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2022.2052080
Ramesh Paudyal, Rojan Baniya, B. Thapa, Suman Shree Neupane, K. Birendra
{"title":"Motivation and service quality relationship with visitor satisfaction and loyalty intentions in a mountainous protected area","authors":"Ramesh Paudyal, Rojan Baniya, B. Thapa, Suman Shree Neupane, K. Birendra","doi":"10.1080/14724049.2022.2052080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2022.2052080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecotourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47773692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
期刊
Journal of Ecotourism
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