Pub Date : 2000-10-09DOI: 10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885093
I. Fujishiro, Riki Furuhata, Y. Ichikawa, Yuriko Takeshima
Since novice users of visualization systems lack knowledge and expertise in data visualization, it is a tough task for them to generate efficient and effective visualizations that allow them to comprehend information that is embedded in the data. Therefore, systems supporting the users to design appropriate visualizations are of great importance. The GADGET (Goal-oriented Application Design Guidance for modular visualization EnvironmenTs) system, which has been developed by the authors (1997), interactively helps users to design scientific visualization applications by presenting appropriate MVE (Modular Visualization Environment) prototypes according to the specification of the visualization goals expressed mainly with the Wehrend matrix (S. Wehrend & C. Lewis, 1990). This paper extends this approach in order to develop a system named GADGET/IV, which is intended to provide the users with an environment for semi-automatic design of information visualization (IV) applications. To this end, a novel goal-oriented taxonomy of IV techniques is presented. Also, an initial design of the system architecture and user assistance flow is described. The usefulness of the GADGET/IV system is illustrated with example problems of Web site access frequency analysis.
由于可视化系统的新手用户缺乏数据可视化方面的知识和专业知识，因此对他们来说，生成高效和有效的可视化以使他们能够理解嵌入在数据中的信息是一项艰巨的任务。因此，支持用户设计适当可视化的系统是非常重要的。作者开发的GADGET(面向目标的模块化可视化环境应用设计指南)系统(1997年)，根据主要用Wehrend矩阵表示的可视化目标的规范，通过呈现适当的MVE(模块化可视化环境)原型，交互式地帮助用户设计科学的可视化应用程序(S. Wehrend & C. Lewis, 1990)。本文对该方法进行了扩展，开发了一个名为GADGET/IV的系统，该系统旨在为用户提供一个半自动设计信息可视化(IV)应用程序的环境。为此，提出了一种新的面向目标的静脉注射技术分类方法。此外，还描述了系统架构的初步设计和用户辅助流程。通过网站访问频率分析的实例问题说明了GADGET/IV系统的实用性。
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Pub Date : 2000-10-09DOI: 10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885102
Isaac Brewer, A. MacEachren, Hadi Abdo, J. Gundrum, George Otto
We describe a prototype same-time/different-place collaborative geovisualization environment. We outline an approach to understanding use and usability and present results of interviews with domain experts about the ways in which collaborative visualization might enable groups to work at a distance. One goal for our research is to design an effective and flexible system that can support group work on environmental science research mediated through dynamic geovisualization displays. We are addressing this goal using a four-step human-centered system design process, modeled on that proposed by (Gabbard et al., 1999) for development and evaluation of virtual environments. The steps they delineate are: user task analysis; expert guideline-based evaluation; formative user-centered evaluation; and summative comparative evaluation.
我们描述了一个原型的同时间/不同地点协同地理可视化环境。我们概述了一种理解使用和可用性的方法，并提供了与领域专家就协作可视化可能使团队远程工作的方式进行访谈的结果。我们研究的一个目标是设计一个有效和灵活的系统，可以通过动态地理可视化显示来支持环境科学研究的小组工作。我们正在使用以人为中心的四步系统设计过程来实现这一目标，该过程以(Gabbard et al.， 1999)为开发和评估虚拟环境而提出的方法为模型。他们描述的步骤是:用户任务分析;基于专家指南的评价;形成性以用户为中心的评价;和总结性比较评价。
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Pub Date : 2000-10-09DOI: 10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885092
Ed H. Chi
In previous work, researchers have attempted to construct taxonomies of information visualization techniques by examining the data domains that are compatible with these techniques. This is useful because implementers can quickly identify various techniques that can be applied to their domain of interest. However, these taxonomies do not help the implementers understand how to apply and implement these techniques. The author extends and proposes a new way to taxonomize information visualization techniques by using the Data State Model (E.H. Chi and J.T. Reidl, 1998). In fact, as the taxonomic analysis in the paper will show, many of the techniques share similar operating steps that can easily be reused. The paper shows that the Data State Model not only helps researchers understand the space of design, but also helps implementers understand how information visualization techniques can be applied more broadly.
{"title":"A taxonomy of visualization techniques using the data state reference model","authors":"Ed H. Chi","doi":"10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885092","url":null,"abstract":"In previous work, researchers have attempted to construct taxonomies of information visualization techniques by examining the data domains that are compatible with these techniques. This is useful because implementers can quickly identify various techniques that can be applied to their domain of interest. However, these taxonomies do not help the implementers understand how to apply and implement these techniques. The author extends and proposes a new way to taxonomize information visualization techniques by using the Data State Model (E.H. Chi and J.T. Reidl, 1998). In fact, as the taxonomic analysis in the paper will show, many of the techniques share similar operating steps that can easily be reused. The paper shows that the Data State Model not only helps researchers understand the space of design, but also helps implementers understand how information visualization techniques can be applied more broadly.","PeriodicalId":399031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2000. INFOVIS 2000. Proceedings","volume":"43 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124413087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-09DOI: 10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885103
P. Pu, D. Lalanne
COMIND is a tool for conceptual design of industrial products. It helps designers define and evaluate the initial design space by using search algorithms to generate sets of feasible solutions. Two algorithm visualization techniques, Kaleidoscope and Lattice, and one visualization of n-dimensional data, MAP, are used to externalize the machine's problem solving strategies and the tradeoffs as a result of using these strategies. After a short training period, users are able to discover tactics to explore design space effectively, evaluate new design solutions, and learn important relationships among design criteria, search speed and solution quality. We thus propose that visualization can serve as a tool for interactive intelligence, ie., human-machine collaboration for solving complex problems.
{"title":"Interactive problem solving via algorithm visualization","authors":"P. Pu, D. Lalanne","doi":"10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885103","url":null,"abstract":"COMIND is a tool for conceptual design of industrial products. It helps designers define and evaluate the initial design space by using search algorithms to generate sets of feasible solutions. Two algorithm visualization techniques, Kaleidoscope and Lattice, and one visualization of n-dimensional data, MAP, are used to externalize the machine's problem solving strategies and the tradeoffs as a result of using these strategies. After a short training period, users are able to discover tactics to explore design space effectively, evaluate new design solutions, and learn important relationships among design criteria, search speed and solution quality. We thus propose that visualization can serve as a tool for interactive intelligence, ie., human-machine collaboration for solving complex problems.","PeriodicalId":399031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2000. INFOVIS 2000. Proceedings","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132538818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-09DOI: 10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885096
Julie Yang-Peláez, W. Flowers
With an increase in the number of different visualization techniques, it becomes necessary to develop a measure for evaluating the effectiveness of visualizations. Metrics to evaluate visual displays were developed based on measures of information content developed by Shannon and used in communication theory. These measures of information content can be used to quantify the relative effectiveness of displays.
{"title":"Information content measures of visual displays","authors":"Julie Yang-Peláez, W. Flowers","doi":"10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885096","url":null,"abstract":"With an increase in the number of different visualization techniques, it becomes necessary to develop a measure for evaluating the effectiveness of visualizations. Metrics to evaluate visual displays were developed based on measures of information content developed by Shannon and used in communication theory. These measures of information content can be used to quantify the relative effectiveness of displays.","PeriodicalId":399031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2000. INFOVIS 2000. Proceedings","volume":"17 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133621448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-09DOI: 10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885105
M. Büscher, D. Shapiro, Michael Christensen, P. Mogensen, P. Ørbæk
Drawing on ethnographic studies of (landscape) architects at work, this paper presents a human-centered approach to information visualization. A 3D collaborative electronic workspace allows people to configure, save and browse arrangements of heterogeneous work materials. Spatial arrangements and links are created and maintained as an integral part of ongoing work with 'live' documents and objects. The result is an extension of the physical information space of the architects' studio that utilizes the potential of electronic data storage, visualization and network technologies to support work with information in context.
{"title":"Creativity, complexity, and precision: information visualization for (landscape) architecture","authors":"M. Büscher, D. Shapiro, Michael Christensen, P. Mogensen, P. Ørbæk","doi":"10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885105","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on ethnographic studies of (landscape) architects at work, this paper presents a human-centered approach to information visualization. A 3D collaborative electronic workspace allows people to configure, save and browse arrangements of heterogeneous work materials. Spatial arrangements and links are created and maintained as an integral part of ongoing work with 'live' documents and objects. The result is an extension of the physical information space of the architects' studio that utilizes the potential of electronic data storage, visualization and network technologies to support work with information in context.","PeriodicalId":399031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2000. INFOVIS 2000. Proceedings","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116800617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-09DOI: 10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885091
J. Stasko, Eugene Zhang
Radial, space-filling visualizations can be useful for depicting information hierarchies, but they suffer from one major problem. As the hierarchy grows in size, many items become small, peripheral slices that are difficult to distinguish. We have developed three visualization/interaction techniques that provide flexible browsing of the display. The techniques allow viewers to examine the small items in detail while providing context within the entire information hierarchy. Additionally, smooth transitions between views help users maintain orientation within the complete information space.
{"title":"Focus+context display and navigation techniques for enhancing radial, space-filling hierarchy visualizations","authors":"J. Stasko, Eugene Zhang","doi":"10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885091","url":null,"abstract":"Radial, space-filling visualizations can be useful for depicting information hierarchies, but they suffer from one major problem. As the hierarchy grows in size, many items become small, peripheral slices that are difficult to distinguish. We have developed three visualization/interaction techniques that provide flexible browsing of the display. The techniques allow viewers to examine the small items in detail while providing context within the entire information hierarchy. Additionally, smooth transitions between views help users maintain orientation within the complete information space.","PeriodicalId":399031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2000. INFOVIS 2000. Proceedings","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121751169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-09DOI: 10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885097
P. C. Wong, W. Cowley, Harlan Foote, E. Jurrus, James J. Thomas
A sequential pattern in data mining is a finite series of elements such as A/spl rarr/B/spl rarr/C/spl rarr/D where A, B, C, and D are elements of the same domain. The mining of sequential patterns is designed to find patterns of discrete events that frequently happen in the same arrangement along a timeline. Like association and clustering, the mining of sequential patterns is among the most popular knowledge discovery techniques that apply statistical measures to extract useful information from large datasets. As out computers become more powerful, we are able to mine bigger datasets and obtain hundreds of thousands of sequential patterns in full detail. With this vast amount of data, we argue that neither data mining nor visualization by itself can manage the information and reflect the knowledge effectively. Subsequently, we apply visualization to augment data mining in a study of sequential patterns in large text corpora. The result shows that we can learn more and more quickly in an integrated visual data-mining environment.
{"title":"Visualizing sequential patterns for text mining","authors":"P. C. Wong, W. Cowley, Harlan Foote, E. Jurrus, James J. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885097","url":null,"abstract":"A sequential pattern in data mining is a finite series of elements such as A/spl rarr/B/spl rarr/C/spl rarr/D where A, B, C, and D are elements of the same domain. The mining of sequential patterns is designed to find patterns of discrete events that frequently happen in the same arrangement along a timeline. Like association and clustering, the mining of sequential patterns is among the most popular knowledge discovery techniques that apply statistical measures to extract useful information from large datasets. As out computers become more powerful, we are able to mine bigger datasets and obtain hundreds of thousands of sequential patterns in full detail. With this vast amount of data, we argue that neither data mining nor visualization by itself can manage the information and reflect the knowledge effectively. Subsequently, we apply visualization to augment data mining in a study of sequential patterns in large text corpora. The result shows that we can learn more and more quickly in an integrated visual data-mining environment.","PeriodicalId":399031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2000. INFOVIS 2000. Proceedings","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133427432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885094
S. Bjork, J. redstroM
The increasing diversity of computers, especially among small mobile devices such as mobile phones and PDAs, raise new questions about information visualization techniques developed for the desktop computer. Using a series of examples ranging from applications for ordinary desktop displays to web-browsers and other applications for PDAs, we describe how a focus+context technique, Flip Zooming, is changed due to the situation it is used in. Based on these examples, we discuss how the use of "focus" and "context" in focus+context techniques change in order to fit new areas of use for information visualization.
{"title":"Redefining the focus and context of focus+context visualization","authors":"S. Bjork, J. redstroM","doi":"10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885094","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing diversity of computers, especially among small mobile devices such as mobile phones and PDAs, raise new questions about information visualization techniques developed for the desktop computer. Using a series of examples ranging from applications for ordinary desktop displays to web-browsers and other applications for PDAs, we describe how a focus+context technique, Flip Zooming, is changed due to the situation it is used in. Based on these examples, we discuss how the use of \"focus\" and \"context\" in focus+context techniques change in order to fit new areas of use for information visualization.","PeriodicalId":399031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2000. INFOVIS 2000. Proceedings","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114109402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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