Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10611932.2019.1606605
Kai Yu
With its increasingly affluent and urban population, China has continued to upgrade its education capabilities in both quality and availability, helping it quickly emerge as a global education powerhouse. In the last decade, China has seen numerous universities hitting new heights in the global rankings, while its secondary education has topped the international comparative Programme for International Student Assessment study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Tremendous changes have also taken place in the private education industry during this time, in terms of not only the quantity and scope, but also its quality. Private schools have begun to play a key role, with a greater effect on the national education system. Private education has seen an increased elaboration of its service capacity on many fronts, including bilingual and English language offerings, access to international opportunities, vocational training, and after-school tutoring and online education. Private education is succeeding by not only satisfying a rising demand that is unmet by the public providers, but also providing a new and innovative educational service unavailable in the public sector. In higher education, China is the world’s largest market in terms of student numbers, followed by India and the United States. Total student numbers in higher education in China reached 37 million in 2016, with an enrollment rate of about 41%. While this figure is high compared with most developing countries, it still falls behind many developed nations. By 2018, China had more than 740 private colleges and universities, serving about 23% of the entire student population in higher education. The establishment of private institutions was encouraged after 1992, as the government gradually established a framework to govern public and private higher education. The Private Education Promotion Law (民办教育促进法, Minban Jiaoyu Cujin Fa) of 2002 established the conditions for operation. The private education sector has become one of China’s major service industries that investors, both foreign and domestic, see as particularly promising. According to research and analysis by L.E.K. Consulting, China’s private education sector is still underpenetrated compared with other global private education markets. If it had the same relative size as the U.S. market, China’s private education sector would be double its current size. The positioning and development of private education are not without challenge. How the term private education is rendered in China illustrates that it is a delicate matter. For school-based private education, the schools are usually referred to as Minban (民办), literally
{"title":"Private Education","authors":"Kai Yu","doi":"10.1080/10611932.2019.1606605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2019.1606605","url":null,"abstract":"With its increasingly affluent and urban population, China has continued to upgrade its education capabilities in both quality and availability, helping it quickly emerge as a global education powerhouse. In the last decade, China has seen numerous universities hitting new heights in the global rankings, while its secondary education has topped the international comparative Programme for International Student Assessment study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Tremendous changes have also taken place in the private education industry during this time, in terms of not only the quantity and scope, but also its quality. Private schools have begun to play a key role, with a greater effect on the national education system. Private education has seen an increased elaboration of its service capacity on many fronts, including bilingual and English language offerings, access to international opportunities, vocational training, and after-school tutoring and online education. Private education is succeeding by not only satisfying a rising demand that is unmet by the public providers, but also providing a new and innovative educational service unavailable in the public sector. In higher education, China is the world’s largest market in terms of student numbers, followed by India and the United States. Total student numbers in higher education in China reached 37 million in 2016, with an enrollment rate of about 41%. While this figure is high compared with most developing countries, it still falls behind many developed nations. By 2018, China had more than 740 private colleges and universities, serving about 23% of the entire student population in higher education. The establishment of private institutions was encouraged after 1992, as the government gradually established a framework to govern public and private higher education. The Private Education Promotion Law (民办教育促进法, Minban Jiaoyu Cujin Fa) of 2002 established the conditions for operation. The private education sector has become one of China’s major service industries that investors, both foreign and domestic, see as particularly promising. According to research and analysis by L.E.K. Consulting, China’s private education sector is still underpenetrated compared with other global private education markets. If it had the same relative size as the U.S. market, China’s private education sector would be double its current size. The positioning and development of private education are not without challenge. How the term private education is rendered in China illustrates that it is a delicate matter. For school-based private education, the schools are usually referred to as Minban (民办), literally","PeriodicalId":39911,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Education and Society","volume":"111 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89548226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10611932.2019.1607702
Shen Suping, J. Nan
Abstract Given that private schools are institutionally divided into the binary structure of for profit and nonprofit, the existing tax laws and policies aimed at private education feature obvious flaws. Reforms to the taxation system for private education should bring it in line with the state’s binary structure for the division of private schools, highlighting the charitable nature of private education, and instituting a more refined and scientific taxation system for private education.
{"title":"Perfection of the Taxation System for Private Education on the Basis of a Binary Structure","authors":"Shen Suping, J. Nan","doi":"10.1080/10611932.2019.1607702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2019.1607702","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Given that private schools are institutionally divided into the binary structure of for profit and nonprofit, the existing tax laws and policies aimed at private education feature obvious flaws. Reforms to the taxation system for private education should bring it in line with the state’s binary structure for the division of private schools, highlighting the charitable nature of private education, and instituting a more refined and scientific taxation system for private education.","PeriodicalId":39911,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Education and Society","volume":"29 1","pages":"49 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74463115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10611932.2019.1608756
Wang Yitao, Wan Hua
Abstract Research on the group characteristics and channels for selection of party secretaries at private institutions of higher education has important significance in strengthening leadership by party organizations and perfecting internal governance structures at private institutions of higher education. A survey of 293 private institutions of higher education shows that, on the whole, party secretaries tend to be more advanced in age, with a fairly reasonable ratio of men and women, while their academic qualifications need improvement. The career trajectories of party secretaries display diversification, and their power is gradually expanding. The principal channels for selection of party secretaries include appointment by the educational affairs department of the party committee, or election by the school. In the future, a qualifications-based access system should be established for party secretaries at private institutions of higher education, and the selection system for party secretaries should be perfected, with accurate positioning of their roles, and correct handling of relationships with school operators and presidents, allowing secretaries to better exercise their roles as leaders, participants, supervisors and coordinators, so as to usher in safe, stable and standardized school development.
{"title":"Party Secretaries at Private Institutions of Higher Education: Group Characteristics, Channels for Selection, and Policy Recommendations","authors":"Wang Yitao, Wan Hua","doi":"10.1080/10611932.2019.1608756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2019.1608756","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research on the group characteristics and channels for selection of party secretaries at private institutions of higher education has important significance in strengthening leadership by party organizations and perfecting internal governance structures at private institutions of higher education. A survey of 293 private institutions of higher education shows that, on the whole, party secretaries tend to be more advanced in age, with a fairly reasonable ratio of men and women, while their academic qualifications need improvement. The career trajectories of party secretaries display diversification, and their power is gradually expanding. The principal channels for selection of party secretaries include appointment by the educational affairs department of the party committee, or election by the school. In the future, a qualifications-based access system should be established for party secretaries at private institutions of higher education, and the selection system for party secretaries should be perfected, with accurate positioning of their roles, and correct handling of relationships with school operators and presidents, allowing secretaries to better exercise their roles as leaders, participants, supervisors and coordinators, so as to usher in safe, stable and standardized school development.","PeriodicalId":39911,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Education and Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"76 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88471870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10611932.2019.1607701
Yan Feng-qiao
Abstract Private education in our country is a novelty that has grown up outside the public education system, and the formulation and implementation of policies on private education often involves several government departments, in an act of cooperative decision making between multiple government departments. As a result, the effectiveness of the formulation and implementation of policies on private education is, in a certain sense, dependent on the degree of coordination between various government departments, while also being subject to the impact of whether timely adjustments have been made to existing regulations. This characteristic of policies on private education is suited to analysis from the perspective of organizational behavior and decision-making models. The slow progress on the three private education policies related to reasonable returns, independent colleges, and categorized management is a typical example of organizational behavior and decision-making models.
{"title":"Why Have Policies on Private Education Been Slow to Make Progress? Observations from the Perspective of Organizational Behavior and Decision Making","authors":"Yan Feng-qiao","doi":"10.1080/10611932.2019.1607701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2019.1607701","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Private education in our country is a novelty that has grown up outside the public education system, and the formulation and implementation of policies on private education often involves several government departments, in an act of cooperative decision making between multiple government departments. As a result, the effectiveness of the formulation and implementation of policies on private education is, in a certain sense, dependent on the degree of coordination between various government departments, while also being subject to the impact of whether timely adjustments have been made to existing regulations. This characteristic of policies on private education is suited to analysis from the perspective of organizational behavior and decision-making models. The slow progress on the three private education policies related to reasonable returns, independent colleges, and categorized management is a typical example of organizational behavior and decision-making models.","PeriodicalId":39911,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Education and Society","volume":"114 1","pages":"35 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80232765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10611932.2019.1608750
Wang Wei-kun, Zhang Dexiang
Abstract The key task in the establishment of a university charter is ensuring that the text of the charter is in conformity with the law, in compliance with regulations, and rational. This paper proposes a system of observed indicators for textual expression in private university charters in China, including 6 dimensions for Level 1 indicators and 20 key elements for charter content. Through textual analysis of the charters of 105 private undergraduate universities in China, the authors found that, in terms of their textual expression, private university charters universally exhibit issues such as incompleteness of the key elements of content, failure to highlight individual characteristics, an imbalanced internal power structure, unstandardized operations, imperfect mechanisms for democracy and oversight, and so on. The state’s implementation of categorized management of nonprofit and for-profit private schools should be regarded as a golden opportunity to further strengthen the effective supply of external institutions for private universities, perfect the internal governance structures of private universities, improve the mechanisms by which academic organizations at private universities exercise their roles, and achieve effective linkage between private university charters and concrete internal regulations.
{"title":"Study on the Current State of Textual Expression in Private University Charters in China: Based on Textual Analysis of the Charters of 105 Private Undergraduate Universities","authors":"Wang Wei-kun, Zhang Dexiang","doi":"10.1080/10611932.2019.1608750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2019.1608750","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The key task in the establishment of a university charter is ensuring that the text of the charter is in conformity with the law, in compliance with regulations, and rational. This paper proposes a system of observed indicators for textual expression in private university charters in China, including 6 dimensions for Level 1 indicators and 20 key elements for charter content. Through textual analysis of the charters of 105 private undergraduate universities in China, the authors found that, in terms of their textual expression, private university charters universally exhibit issues such as incompleteness of the key elements of content, failure to highlight individual characteristics, an imbalanced internal power structure, unstandardized operations, imperfect mechanisms for democracy and oversight, and so on. The state’s implementation of categorized management of nonprofit and for-profit private schools should be regarded as a golden opportunity to further strengthen the effective supply of external institutions for private universities, perfect the internal governance structures of private universities, improve the mechanisms by which academic organizations at private universities exercise their roles, and achieve effective linkage between private university charters and concrete internal regulations.","PeriodicalId":39911,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Education and Society","volume":"47 1","pages":"61 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85188893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10611932.2019.1606615
Xu Xu-qing
Abstract The “Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of Private Education (Revised Version) (Draft for Review)” issued by the Ministry of Justice triggered strong reverberations, drawing a high degree of attention in society. With respect to the revision process, main content, and logical thrust, its impact and effects have been positive and constructive. However, due to gamesmanship between interested parties in the course of public policy formulation, the inevitable reshaping of national policies on private education, efforts to firmly implement the policy of categorized management, the failure to appropriately handle lingering historical problems, the need for more concrete measures supporting the reform orientation, and other reasons, the relevant provisions have struggled to win universal approval within private education circles. To build a sturdy legal system for private education, we must unswervingly implement categorized management, firmly block the policy loopholes for nondistinction between for profit and nonprofit as well as inconsistency between names and reality, implement various measures to support the development of private schools, encourage localities to be boldly innovative with regard to private education policies, and strengthen the correct interpretation of laws and regulations for private education.
{"title":"Strengthening Top-Down Design, Fortifying Categorized Management, and Promoting Healthy Development—A Few Reflections on Discussions of the “Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of Private Education (Revised) (Draft for Review)”","authors":"Xu Xu-qing","doi":"10.1080/10611932.2019.1606615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2019.1606615","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The “Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of Private Education (Revised Version) (Draft for Review)” issued by the Ministry of Justice triggered strong reverberations, drawing a high degree of attention in society. With respect to the revision process, main content, and logical thrust, its impact and effects have been positive and constructive. However, due to gamesmanship between interested parties in the course of public policy formulation, the inevitable reshaping of national policies on private education, efforts to firmly implement the policy of categorized management, the failure to appropriately handle lingering historical problems, the need for more concrete measures supporting the reform orientation, and other reasons, the relevant provisions have struggled to win universal approval within private education circles. To build a sturdy legal system for private education, we must unswervingly implement categorized management, firmly block the policy loopholes for nondistinction between for profit and nonprofit as well as inconsistency between names and reality, implement various measures to support the development of private schools, encourage localities to be boldly innovative with regard to private education policies, and strengthen the correct interpretation of laws and regulations for private education.","PeriodicalId":39911,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Education and Society","volume":"25 1","pages":"11 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82753933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10611932.2019.1609301
Mao Chenlei, H. Jianfeng
Abstract The applied personnel training model, which is centered on applications, oriented toward the market, and premised on abilities, has appeared at private institutions of higher education in a variety of formats, including the embedded format, custom order format, industry-education integration, and so on. However, the presence of blind emulation in goal orientation, theoretization of curriculum systems, homogenization of the composition of qualified teachers, formalization of personnel evaluations, and other issues has prevented the applied personnel training model from achieving effective linkage between private higher education and industry: only through cooperation between entities on all sides and constant innovation will it be possible to fully exercise the important functions of the applied personnel training model at private institutions of higher education.
{"title":"Study of Practices and Innovation of the Applied Personnel Training Model at Private Institutions of Higher Education","authors":"Mao Chenlei, H. Jianfeng","doi":"10.1080/10611932.2019.1609301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2019.1609301","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The applied personnel training model, which is centered on applications, oriented toward the market, and premised on abilities, has appeared at private institutions of higher education in a variety of formats, including the embedded format, custom order format, industry-education integration, and so on. However, the presence of blind emulation in goal orientation, theoretization of curriculum systems, homogenization of the composition of qualified teachers, formalization of personnel evaluations, and other issues has prevented the applied personnel training model from achieving effective linkage between private higher education and industry: only through cooperation between entities on all sides and constant innovation will it be possible to fully exercise the important functions of the applied personnel training model at private institutions of higher education.","PeriodicalId":39911,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Education and Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"90 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87847485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10611932.2019.1606616
Yu Yafeng
Abstract The central tenet of the revisions to the Law on the Promotion of Private Education is the implementation of categorized management of private schools, establishing a legal basis for categorized management. Private education is characterized by publicness, and upholding and guiding private schools in exercising their public nature is the target value of legislation on private education. Publicness determines the criteria under standards for the categorization of private schools, and differences in publicness provide an analytical foundation for private school categorization standards. Publicness defines the focal points of private school standards, including the subjects of the law for private education, as well as the rights and obligations of these subjects.
{"title":"Publicness: An Analytical Foundation for Categorization Standards under the Legislation for Private Schools","authors":"Yu Yafeng","doi":"10.1080/10611932.2019.1606616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2019.1606616","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The central tenet of the revisions to the Law on the Promotion of Private Education is the implementation of categorized management of private schools, establishing a legal basis for categorized management. Private education is characterized by publicness, and upholding and guiding private schools in exercising their public nature is the target value of legislation on private education. Publicness determines the criteria under standards for the categorization of private schools, and differences in publicness provide an analytical foundation for private school categorization standards. Publicness defines the focal points of private school standards, including the subjects of the law for private education, as well as the rights and obligations of these subjects.","PeriodicalId":39911,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Education and Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"22 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90506725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10611932.2019.1609303
Pan Qi, Que Mingkun
Abstract In this key period for the transformation and development of private undergraduate institutions, problems in the establishment of majors have been more pronounced. The survey shows that the current process for the establishment of majors at private undergraduate institutions still exhibits issues such as homogenization, a bias toward low-cost majors, disconnection from society’s needs, undiversified quantitative expansion, and so on. Conceptual deficiencies, a high degree of arbitrariness in decisions for the establishment of majors, a lack of procedures for execution, and suppression of needs on the front lines of teaching are among the fundamental causes for the problems which have emerged in the establishment of majors. The authors seek to provide relevant countermeasures from the perspective of restructuring the internal systems for the establishment of majors at private institutions of higher education.
{"title":"Problems in the Establishment of Majors at Private Undergraduate Institutions, Contributing Factors, and Countermeasures: Based on a Survey of 129 Private Undergraduate Institutions","authors":"Pan Qi, Que Mingkun","doi":"10.1080/10611932.2019.1609303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2019.1609303","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this key period for the transformation and development of private undergraduate institutions, problems in the establishment of majors have been more pronounced. The survey shows that the current process for the establishment of majors at private undergraduate institutions still exhibits issues such as homogenization, a bias toward low-cost majors, disconnection from society’s needs, undiversified quantitative expansion, and so on. Conceptual deficiencies, a high degree of arbitrariness in decisions for the establishment of majors, a lack of procedures for execution, and suppression of needs on the front lines of teaching are among the fundamental causes for the problems which have emerged in the establishment of majors. The authors seek to provide relevant countermeasures from the perspective of restructuring the internal systems for the establishment of majors at private institutions of higher education.","PeriodicalId":39911,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Education and Society","volume":"52 1","pages":"112 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83433611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10611932.2019.1606611
W. Feng
Editorial note: On November 7, 2016, the “Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on Revisions to the ‘Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of Private Education’” was passed at the 24th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th People’s Congress. The decision included revisions to a total of 16 articles, involving strengthened efforts for party-building at private schools, implementation of categorized management, deletion of the line “reasonable returns,” government support measures, attribution of residual assets, and other areas. At its core, it served to clarify the distinctions between nonprofit private schools and for-profit private schools. Over the long term, the New Law will infuse private schools at various levels and in various categories with greater dynamism, promoting positive and rapid development in the cause of the integration of private education. In line with the spirit of the New Law, “Certain Recommendations of the State Council on Encouraging Social Forces to Sponsor Education and Promote the Healthy Development of Private Education” (abbreviated as “Certain Recommendations”), “Regulations for the Implementation of Categorized Registration of Private Schools,” and “Regulations for the Implementation of Supervision and Management of For-Profit Private Schools” were successively issued. The “Certain Recommendations” are oriented toward strengthening party leadership in private education, with the objective of promoting the healthy development of private education on the foundation of categorized management, taking differentiated support and standard management as the starting points for implementing innovative systems and mechanisms, perfecting support systems, accelerating the establishment of a modern schools system, improving the quality of education and teaching, improving management and service standards, and other reform measures.
{"title":"Key Factors Influencing the Results of the Implementation of the “New Policies” on Private Education","authors":"W. Feng","doi":"10.1080/10611932.2019.1606611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2019.1606611","url":null,"abstract":"Editorial note: On November 7, 2016, the “Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on Revisions to the ‘Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of Private Education’” was passed at the 24th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th People’s Congress. The decision included revisions to a total of 16 articles, involving strengthened efforts for party-building at private schools, implementation of categorized management, deletion of the line “reasonable returns,” government support measures, attribution of residual assets, and other areas. At its core, it served to clarify the distinctions between nonprofit private schools and for-profit private schools. Over the long term, the New Law will infuse private schools at various levels and in various categories with greater dynamism, promoting positive and rapid development in the cause of the integration of private education. In line with the spirit of the New Law, “Certain Recommendations of the State Council on Encouraging Social Forces to Sponsor Education and Promote the Healthy Development of Private Education” (abbreviated as “Certain Recommendations”), “Regulations for the Implementation of Categorized Registration of Private Schools,” and “Regulations for the Implementation of Supervision and Management of For-Profit Private Schools” were successively issued. The “Certain Recommendations” are oriented toward strengthening party leadership in private education, with the objective of promoting the healthy development of private education on the foundation of categorized management, taking differentiated support and standard management as the starting points for implementing innovative systems and mechanisms, perfecting support systems, accelerating the establishment of a modern schools system, improving the quality of education and teaching, improving management and service standards, and other reform measures.","PeriodicalId":39911,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Education and Society","volume":"28 1","pages":"10 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82181337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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