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The Role of the Nurse: A Comparison of the Canadian and Ghanaian Health Care Systems as Experienced by Undergraduate Nursing Students 护士的角色:加拿大和加纳的卫生保健系统的比较,经验的本科护理学生
Pub Date : 2018-08-09 DOI: 10.28984/DRHJ.V2I0.138
Krista Shalton, S. Godin, Katrina Genereux, E. Donato
Undergraduate nursing students were placed for three weeks in three small communities in Ghana as part of an international cross-cultural nursing elective.  The main objectives of the placement were to learn about the country’s culture and health care system, and to participate in community nursing placements in both community clinic and school settings.  As nursing students participating in this cross-cultural experience, we had the opportunity to work in Ghana’s health care system, where we were able to learn about the nursing role. It became evident that the nursing values, scope of practice, roles and responsibilities had some similarities, but also demonstrated several differences compared to nursing in Canada. A literature review was performed to contrast the cultural differences compared to nursing practice in Canada. Literature was also applied to our personal experiences to facilitate our understanding of the importance of providing culturally sensitive care. Overall, this valuable cross-cultural experience influenced our personal growth, allowing us to thoughtfully integrate our experience through further reflection and review of literature after the course was completed.
作为国际跨文化护理选修课的一部分,护理本科生被安排在加纳的三个小社区进行为期三周的学习。安置的主要目标是了解该国的文化和卫生保健系统,并参与社区诊所和学校设置的社区护理安置。作为参与这种跨文化体验的护理专业学生,我们有机会在加纳的医疗保健系统工作,在那里我们能够了解护理的角色。很明显,与加拿大的护理相比,护理价值观、实践范围、角色和责任有一些相似之处,但也有一些差异。一篇文献综述进行对比文化差异与护理实践在加拿大。文学也被应用于我们的个人经历,以促进我们对提供文化敏感护理的重要性的理解。总的来说,这段宝贵的跨文化经历影响了我们的个人成长,让我们在课程结束后通过进一步的反思和文献回顾来深思熟虑地整合我们的经历。
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引用次数: 1
Self-perceived Mental Health of Older Adults in Canada 加拿大老年人自我认知的心理健康
Pub Date : 2018-08-09 DOI: 10.28984/DRHJ.V2I0.159
P. Montgomery, P. Nangia, Sharolyn Mossey, Sarah Rancourt
Background: In the past decade, statistics indicate that over 80% of the six million Canadians aged 65 or older resided in non-institutional settings. To sustain their health in the community, there is national evidence about the interplay among alterations in physical, emotional, cognitive, social, cultural, and geographical factors. Although much is known about mental health challenges of this population, less is known about determinants of self-perceived mental health. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to determine personal and external variables that are associated with self-perceived mental health in two groups of community dwelling Canadians aged 65 to 79 and those aged 80 and older. Methods: The study design was a secondary analysis of Canadian Community Health Survey (2014) public use micro-data file. A sub-set of health, determinants of health, and health system utilization variables were extracted for 19,502 community-dwelling older adults residing in ten provinces and three territories. Results: Self-perceived mental health was significantly associated with several personal and external variables relative to age group. For both age groups, a positive perception of mental health was predicated on self-perceived physical health, emotional functioning, general life satisfaction, sense of belonging and income. Conclusion: Findings support the potential for innovative interdisciplinary models to optimize older adults' mental health for living independently.
背景:在过去的十年中,统计数据表明,在六百万65岁以上的加拿大人中,超过80%的人居住在非机构环境中。为了在社区中维持他们的健康,有关于身体、情感、认知、社会、文化和地理因素变化之间相互作用的全国性证据。虽然对这一人群的心理健康挑战了解很多,但对自我认知的心理健康的决定因素知之甚少。目的:本研究的主要目的是确定两组65至79岁和80岁及以上的加拿大社区居民中与自我感知心理健康相关的个人和外部变量。方法:研究设计为对加拿大社区卫生调查(2014)公共使用微数据文件进行二次分析。提取了居住在10个省和3个地区的19,502名社区居住老年人的健康、健康决定因素和卫生系统利用变量子集。结果:心理健康自我知觉与个体和外部变量显著相关。对于这两个年龄组,对心理健康的积极看法是基于自我感知的身体健康、情感功能、总体生活满意度、归属感和收入。结论:研究结果支持创新跨学科模式优化老年人独立生活心理健康的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The Health Needs and Experiences of Trans Residents in Small and Rural Areas 小农村地区跨性别居民的健康需求与经验
Pub Date : 2018-08-09 DOI: 10.28984/DRHJ.V2I0.132
T. Shute
This brief paper summarizes the findings from a community-based research project examining the health needs and experiences of trans-identified people in small and rural communities as presented at the 9th annual Laurentian University Faculty of Health conference. This study involved residents who identify as transgender living in North Simcoe/Muskoka, an area comprised of small, rural, suburban and remote communities. It employed a mixed method design, with quantitative findings derived from a comprehensive online survey and qualitative findings from a series of community focus groups. A sample of findings related to health care experiences grounded in the voices of participants was presented. These findings included several common themes that characterize the health service encounter of residents who are transgender. The health care experience of trading off competent trans-specific health care provision for respect and willingness on behalf of the health care practitioner was common, and provides evidence for the lack of trans-specific health care available in these areas. Experiences of service denial or rejection as a result of their trans identities or gender expression were also common. Residents who are transgendered in areas where there is a lack of service infrastructure are also forced to become their own health care experts, a necessary and distressing reality of accessing health care as a transgender individual in small and rural areas.  
这篇简短的论文总结了一个基于社区的研究项目的结果,该项目研究了小社区和农村社区跨性别者的健康需求和经历,该项目在第九届劳伦森大学卫生学院年度会议上发表。这项研究涉及居住在北西姆科/马斯科卡的跨性别居民,这是一个由小型农村、郊区和偏远社区组成的地区。它采用混合方法设计,定量结果来自全面的在线调查,定性结果来自一系列社区焦点小组。提出了以参与者的声音为基础的与保健经验有关的调查结果样本。这些发现包括几个共同的主题,这些主题是变性居民在卫生服务中遇到的特征。在卫生保健方面,以有能力的跨专业卫生保健服务换取对卫生保健从业人员的尊重和意愿的做法很常见,这为这些地区缺乏跨专业卫生保健提供了证据。由于变性身份或性别表达而被拒绝或拒绝服务的经历也很常见。在缺乏服务基础设施的地区,变性居民也被迫成为自己的保健专家,这是小地区和农村地区变性人获得保健服务的必要和令人痛苦的现实。
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引用次数: 1
A Faith Community Nursing Initiative 信仰社区护理倡议
Pub Date : 2018-08-08 DOI: 10.28984/DRHJ.V2I0.218
E. Donato, Lindsay A. Green, Ivy Serwah, R. Sousa
Faith community nursing is introduced to students in third year of the BScN curriculum as one of the roles that nurses may have in community health. The plan to develop a faith community nursing placement was initiated when a local parish contacted the nursing professor to have student nurses assist with blood pressure screening and the organization of a health fair. This request created a unique opportunity to have three students placed with a nursing professor to address the health needs of the parish members. Partnerships with educational institutions have been found to enhance faith community health care, and provide learners such as nursing students with an opportunity to practice in a faith-based learning environment (Maitlen, Bockstahler, & Belcher, 2012; Otterness, Gehrke, & Sener, 2007). The main objectives of this initiative were to review the literature on faith community nursing, identify a model to guide the assessment and work that would occur within the setting, and to complete a needs assessment of the faith community.  The assessment of the faith community was guided by the socio-ecological model (Campbell et al., 2007) which further informed the planning and delivery of the most appropriate health promotion activities within this setting.  
信仰社区护理在BScN课程的第三年被介绍给学生,作为护士在社区卫生中可能扮演的角色之一。当一个当地教区联系护理学教授,让学生护士协助进行血压检查和组织健康博览会时,开始了发展信仰社区护理安排的计划。这一要求创造了一个独特的机会,让三名学生与护理学教授一起解决教区成员的健康需求。与教育机构的合作可以增强信仰社区的卫生保健,并为护理学生等学习者提供在基于信仰的学习环境中实践的机会(Maitlen, Bockstahler, & Belcher, 2012;Otterness, Gehrke, & Sener, 2007)。这项倡议的主要目标是回顾关于信仰社区护理的文献,确定一个模型来指导评估和工作,并完成对信仰社区的需求评估。对信仰社区的评估以社会生态模型为指导(Campbell等人,2007年),该模型进一步为在这种情况下规划和实施最适当的健康促进活动提供了信息。
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引用次数: 0
Executive Function and Attention in Children Born Prematurely 早产儿的执行功能和注意力
Pub Date : 2018-08-08 DOI: 10.28984/DRHJ.V2I0.237
Celeste Beaudoin, Roxanne Bélanger
Aim - The aim of this study is to measure the abilities of premature school-aged children in tasks of attention, working memory and executive functioning in order to determine if premature newborns are more at risk to develop delays compared to children born at term. Method - The sampling will be based on a previous study where five school-age premature children from Northern Ontario will be assessed using standardized tests. Each parent will be given a standardized questionnaire designed to measure the executive functioning of his or her child. The results will be then compared to those of a control group born at term without any neonatal complications. Participants will be matched according to gender, age, language status and socio-economic status. Preliminary analysis has shown that premature infants have reduced performance in tasks such as attention and executive functioning (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility). The influence of gestational age, birth weight and socio-economic status will be explained. Importance of the Study - Premature children are more vulnerable to developmental and behavioural delays (Taheri, Goudarzi, Shariat, Nariman, & Martin, 2017). Several studies have shown that delays in executive functions are associated with lower academic achievement (Hüning et al., 2017). This study will help us determine the nature of the impact on non-language skills in premature infants. Preliminary results will allow us to better understand the impact of prematurity on the development of attention and executive functioning (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility), as it relates to language.
目的-本研究的目的是测量学龄前儿童在注意力、工作记忆和执行功能方面的能力,以确定早产新生儿是否比足月出生的儿童更容易出现发育迟缓的风险。方法-抽样将基于先前的一项研究,该研究将使用标准化测试对安大略省北部的5名学龄早产儿进行评估。每位家长都将得到一份标准化的问卷,用来衡量他或她的孩子的执行功能。然后将结果与没有任何新生儿并发症的足月出生的对照组进行比较。参与者将根据性别、年龄、语言状况和社会经济状况进行匹配。初步分析表明,早产儿在注意力和执行功能(抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性)等任务上的表现有所下降。将解释胎龄、出生体重和社会经济地位的影响。研究的重要性——早产儿更容易出现发育和行为迟缓(Taheri, Goudarzi, Shariat, Nariman, & Martin, 2017)。几项研究表明,执行功能的延迟与较低的学业成绩有关(h宁等人,2017)。这项研究将帮助我们确定对早产儿非语言技能影响的本质。初步结果将使我们更好地理解早产对注意力和执行功能(抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性)发展的影响,因为它与语言有关。
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引用次数: 1
L’impact de l’exposition bilingue sur l’acquisition du vocabulaire dans un contexte francophone minoritaire 双语接触对法语少数民族背景下词汇习得的影响
Pub Date : 2018-08-08 DOI: 10.28984/drhj.v2i0.222
Katie Lynn Gervais, Chantal Mayer-Crittenden
L’objet de cette étude était d’examiner la relation entre le montant d’exposition à deux langues et l’acquisition du vocabulaire dans ces langues chez des enfants bilingues en situation linguistique minoritaire francophone. Les données utilisées proviennent d’une étude longitudinale par Auteur (en préparation). Soixante enfants à développement typique âgés de cinq et six ans ont participé à l’étude. Ces participants ont été divisés en deux groupes : enfants franco-dominants (FD) et enfants anglo-dominants (AD). Tous les participants ont été soumis à des tests mesurant le vocabulaire réceptif et expressif, et ce, en français et en anglais. Les scores obtenus ont été comparés à des normes monolingues régionales obtenues auprès d’enfants ayant le même statut linguistique(Auteur, 2014), le cas échéant, ou aux normes monolingues publiées. D’une part, les résultats ont montré que lesenfants FD réussissent moins bien que les enfants franco-ontariens monolingues sur les tests de vocabulaire réceptif en français. Pour le test de vocabulaire expressif en français, les enfants FD ont réussi moins bien que la norme publiée. D’autre part, il n’y avait pas de différence significative entre les enfants AD et les monolingues anglophones sur les tests de vocabulaire réceptif et expressif en anglais.Alors, il semble que lorsque la langue dominante de l’enfant est une langue minoritaire, l’acquisition du vocabulaire dans cette langue est moindre. Au contraire, lorsque la langue dominante de l’enfant est une langue majoritaire, il semble que le vocabulaire dans cette langue soit plus grand parce qu’il y est plus exposé. 
本研究的目的是探讨法语少数民族双语儿童接触两种语言的量与这些语言词汇习得之间的关系。使用的数据来自作者的纵向研究(正在准备中)。60名5岁和6岁的典型发育儿童参与了这项研究。这些参与者被分为两组:以法语为主的儿童(FD)和以英语为主的儿童(AD)。所有参与者都接受了法语和英语的接受和表达词汇测试。获得的分数与在相同语言地位的儿童中获得的地区单语标准(作者,2014)进行比较,如果适用,或与已公布的单语标准进行比较。一方面,结果表明,FD儿童在法语接受性词汇测试中的表现不如单语法语-安大略儿童。在法语表达性词汇测试中,FD儿童的成绩低于公布的标准。另一方面,AD儿童和单语英语儿童在接受和表达词汇测试方面没有显著差异。因此,当儿童的主要语言是少数民族语言时,该语言的词汇习得就会减少。相反,当孩子的主要语言是主要语言时,该语言的词汇量似乎更大,因为他们更容易接触到该语言。
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引用次数: 0
The Relationship Between Motor Skills, Psychosocial Adjustment and Peer Victimization in School-Aged Children 学龄儿童运动技能、心理社会适应与同伴伤害的关系
Pub Date : 2018-08-07 DOI: 10.28984/DRHJ.V2I0.240
Moriah Thorpe, L. Tremblay, B. Chebbi, C. Larivière
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between childrens’ motor competence, psychosocial adjustment, peer victimization, physical activity participation and obesity.  Using the Elaborated Environmental Stress Hypothesis as the framework, we hypothesized that multiple stressors influence children with poor motor competence and that the pathway from motor competence to psychosocial maladjustment is more complex than initially thought.  A sample of child-parent dyads (n = 51; children ages 7 to 10 years), were recruited from two educational institutions in Sudbury, Ontario. Child participants completed self-report measures on peer victimization, depression symptoms, loneliness and anxiety symptoms across five dimensions (social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety, panic disorder and generalized anxiety). Child participants also completed the Test of Gross Motor Development-3.  Parent participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and a questionnaire on their child’s levels of participation in physical activity. For boys, Pearson product-moment correlations revealed that lower motor competence was significantly related to depressive symptoms, social phobia, separation anxiety symptoms, loneliness and peer victimization. For girls, lower motor competence was significantly related to separation anxiety symptoms and loneliness. No correlations were found between motor competence, weight status and physical activity participation.  Findings are consistent with previous literature. These findings suggest that (1) boys are more psychosocially affected and victimized than girls when measured against motor competence and, (2) children are experiencing these issues as early as age 7, which is a time when children are starting to build social relationships. More research is required strengthen these findings.
摘要本研究旨在探讨儿童运动能力、心理社会适应、同伴伤害、体育活动参与与肥胖的关系。以“精细环境压力假说”为框架,我们假设多种压力源影响运动能力差的儿童,并且从运动能力到社会心理适应不良的途径比最初想象的要复杂得多。亲子二代的样本(n = 51;7到10岁的孩子),从安大略省萨德伯里的两所教育机构招募。儿童参与者完成了同伴受害、抑郁症状、孤独和焦虑症状五个维度(社交恐惧症、强迫症、分离焦虑、惊恐障碍和广泛性焦虑)的自我报告测量。儿童参与者还完成了大肌肉运动发展测试-3。父母参与者完成了一份社会人口调查问卷和一份关于他们孩子参与体育活动水平的调查问卷。对于男孩,Pearson积矩相关性显示,较低的运动能力与抑郁症状、社交恐惧症、分离焦虑症状、孤独感和同伴受害显著相关。对于女孩来说,较低的运动能力与分离焦虑症状和孤独感显著相关。运动能力、体重状况与体育活动参与之间没有相关性。研究结果与以往文献一致。这些发现表明:(1)在运动能力方面,男孩比女孩更容易受到心理社会的影响和伤害;(2)儿童早在7岁就开始经历这些问题,而7岁正是儿童开始建立社会关系的时候。需要更多的研究来加强这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
Expérience de francophones en Ontario chez leur médecin de famille : concordance et discordance linguistique 讲法语的人在安大略省看家庭医生的经历:语言上的一致性和不一致性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28984/DRHJ.V3I0.310
Chloé F. Jutras, Alain P. Gauthier, Peter E. Timony, D. Côté, G. Kpazaï
Résumé : Il est possible d’améliorer la santé et les soins de santé de manière efficace par l’entremise de l’amélioration de l’expérience du patient. L’objectif principal de cette étude était de saisir et comprendre l’expérience de patient(e)s francophones chez leur médecin de famille en examinant les effets de la concordance et la discordance linguistique sur cette expérience. La méthode de collecte de données fut inspirée des deux premières étapes de l’approche « Experienced-Based Design » (EBD). Six groupes de discussions ont été organisés dans des communautés fortement francophones du nord de l’Ontario où vingt-neuf participant(e)s ont partagé l’expérience d’une visite chez leur médecin de famille. L’expérience de patient(e)s francophone est caractérisée par de nombreuses émotions, dont plusieurs sont éprouvés en raison de la concordance et la discordance linguistique avec le médecin de famille. La discordance linguistique au service de santé de première ligne suscite une expérience moins favorable en matière de confort, d’accessibilité, de sécurité et de sentiments d’aptitude personnelle. L’offre active de services en français en tenant compte de la préférence linguistique des patients au-delà les apparences du bilinguisme, tout en offrant un environnement de santé de première ligne bilingue (ex. affiches, formulaires) favoriserait une expérience de santé positive pour des Franco-Ontariens.
摘要:通过改善患者体验,可以有效地改善健康和护理。本研究的主要目的是通过检验语言一致性和不一致性对法语患者家庭医生的影响,捕捉和理解法语患者的经验。数据收集方法的灵感来自基于经验的设计(EBD)方法的前两个阶段。在安大略省北部讲法语的社区组织了6个焦点小组,29名参与者分享了去看家庭医生的经验。讲法语的病人经历的特点是多种情绪,其中许多情绪是由于与家庭医生的语言一致或不一致而产生的。前线卫生服务的语言差异导致在舒适度、可及性、安全性和个人适宜性方面的不利体验。积极提供法语服务,考虑到患者的语言偏好,而不仅仅是双语的表象,同时提供一线双语保健环境(如海报、表格),将促进法国-安大略人的积极保健体验。
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引用次数: 1
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Diversity of Research in Health Journal
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