Many researchers concur in observing that globalization has abolished neither distance, nor the usefulness of geographical proximity. Spatial constraints continue to shape exchanges, as well as the density and quality of interactions between societies. Even in a globalized world, pervaded with networks that disrupt traditional territorialities, it can be useful and even inevitable to build relationships with one’s neighbors. In this context, the notion of (macro)regional (or multi-state) integration deserves to be exploited. In particular, geographical research has so far eluded this concept, despite this discipline’s recognized expertise on the notions of region, distance, territory and territorial development, which are at the heart of the understanding of regional integration, both theoretically and empirically. This contribution aims to clarify the words, objects and methods of (macro)regional integration from the point of view of geographical semantics, as well as the evolution of theoretical approaches to the notion of region.
{"title":"« Perspectives »Global Regionalization Processes and (Macro)-Regional Integration. In Favor of Generalization in Geography","authors":"Nora Mareï, Y. Richard","doi":"10.4000/belgeo.43433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.43433","url":null,"abstract":"Many researchers concur in observing that globalization has abolished neither distance, nor the usefulness of geographical proximity. Spatial constraints continue to shape exchanges, as well as the density and quality of interactions between societies. Even in a globalized world, pervaded with networks that disrupt traditional territorialities, it can be useful and even inevitable to build relationships with one’s neighbors. In this context, the notion of (macro)regional (or multi-state) integration deserves to be exploited. In particular, geographical research has so far eluded this concept, despite this discipline’s recognized expertise on the notions of region, distance, territory and territorial development, which are at the heart of the understanding of regional integration, both theoretically and empirically. This contribution aims to clarify the words, objects and methods of (macro)regional integration from the point of view of geographical semantics, as well as the evolution of theoretical approaches to the notion of region.","PeriodicalId":39933,"journal":{"name":"BELGEO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42611936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comment differencier un Etat « europeen » d’un Etat « non-Europeen ? Cette question est au cœur du projet politique de l’UE qui a deja statue sur ce point pour evaluer la candidature de nouveaux membres potentiels (cas du Maroc en 1987). Cependant, rien ne permet de definir objectivement ce qu’est un Etat europeen dans les textes officiels. Et la geographie, comme l’histoire, ou encore l’economie, ne proposent pas de definition consensuelle pour determiner le contenu de cet objet flou que l’UE aurait vocation a incarner : l’« Europe ». Cet article propose de renverser la perspective : plutot que de chercher dans des analyses ad hoc une definition de cette macro-region, il part du discours produit par les instances de l’UE pour proposer des regionalisations d’« Europe » possibles. En recourant a une combinaison de methodes inductives et deductives venues de l’analyse des donnees, cet article sera l’occasion de proposer une regionalisation critique et floue de ce projet politique et de revenir au sens profond de l’acte de regionalisation.
{"title":"Saisir l’« Europe » à la lueur du discours officiel de l’UE : l’analyse de données au service d’une régionalisation critique de l’Europe","authors":"E. Toureille","doi":"10.4000/belgeo.43877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.43877","url":null,"abstract":"Comment differencier un Etat « europeen » d’un Etat « non-Europeen ? Cette question est au cœur du projet politique de l’UE qui a deja statue sur ce point pour evaluer la candidature de nouveaux membres potentiels (cas du Maroc en 1987). Cependant, rien ne permet de definir objectivement ce qu’est un Etat europeen dans les textes officiels. Et la geographie, comme l’histoire, ou encore l’economie, ne proposent pas de definition consensuelle pour determiner le contenu de cet objet flou que l’UE aurait vocation a incarner : l’« Europe ». Cet article propose de renverser la perspective : plutot que de chercher dans des analyses ad hoc une definition de cette macro-region, il part du discours produit par les instances de l’UE pour proposer des regionalisations d’« Europe » possibles. En recourant a une combinaison de methodes inductives et deductives venues de l’analyse des donnees, cet article sera l’occasion de proposer une regionalisation critique et floue de ce projet politique et de revenir au sens profond de l’acte de regionalisation.","PeriodicalId":39933,"journal":{"name":"BELGEO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47916905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La lecture de l’espace aerien europeen souligne tout le parti qui peut etre tire d’une approche juridique et historique de la construction des espaces regionaux et de leurs geographies. Le propos de l’article est ainsi de voir comment l’integration europeenne tend a redistribuer de maniere dynamique le systeme institutionnel en charge de la gestion de l’espace aerien europeen et de comprendre comment « l’ascendance croissante de l’EU » (Blavoukos, 2011) vient bousculer et reinterpreter divers heritages. Les principales organisations internationales du secteur (OACI, CEAC, Eurocontrol, AESA) operent a des echelles et selon des cadres differencies et evolutifs. Elles s’inscrivent dans les sequences d’une histoire longue dont elles portent les marques. Mais par ailleurs, elles font preuve d’une forte capacite d’adaptation systemique dont la seule cartographie aurait bien du mal a rendre compte. Mais l’enjeu demeure bien geographique avec pour but l’organisation de l’espace aerien commun et du partage de sa souverainete.
{"title":"Les institutions internationales, révélatrices des dynamiques régionales. Pour une lecture géographique de l’espace aérien européen et de son intégration","authors":"Antoine Beyer","doi":"10.4000/belgeo.43572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.43572","url":null,"abstract":"La lecture de l’espace aerien europeen souligne tout le parti qui peut etre tire d’une approche juridique et historique de la construction des espaces regionaux et de leurs geographies. Le propos de l’article est ainsi de voir comment l’integration europeenne tend a redistribuer de maniere dynamique le systeme institutionnel en charge de la gestion de l’espace aerien europeen et de comprendre comment « l’ascendance croissante de l’EU » (Blavoukos, 2011) vient bousculer et reinterpreter divers heritages. Les principales organisations internationales du secteur (OACI, CEAC, Eurocontrol, AESA) operent a des echelles et selon des cadres differencies et evolutifs. Elles s’inscrivent dans les sequences d’une histoire longue dont elles portent les marques. Mais par ailleurs, elles font preuve d’une forte capacite d’adaptation systemique dont la seule cartographie aurait bien du mal a rendre compte. Mais l’enjeu demeure bien geographique avec pour but l’organisation de l’espace aerien commun et du partage de sa souverainete.","PeriodicalId":39933,"journal":{"name":"BELGEO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47705473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on the organization of global space and globalization is largely structured by studies on networks, long-distance trading, transnational practices and global cities. But academic approaches to globalized space pay relatively little attention to large global regions, understood as aggregates of neighboring countries linked by strong interactions. Politicists study regional agreements; economists discuss the commercial limitations and benefits of such agreements – in terms of creation,...
{"title":"Editorial: Regional integration in the world","authors":"Nora Mareï, Y. Richard","doi":"10.4000/belgeo.43431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.43431","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the organization of global space and globalization is largely structured by studies on networks, long-distance trading, transnational practices and global cities. But academic approaches to globalized space pay relatively little attention to large global regions, understood as aggregates of neighboring countries linked by strong interactions. Politicists study regional agreements; economists discuss the commercial limitations and benefits of such agreements – in terms of creation,...","PeriodicalId":39933,"journal":{"name":"BELGEO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42239431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ce dossier de la revue Belgeo vise a ouvrir de premieres pistes sur la maniere dont la discussion sur l’Anthropocene, inauguree en sciences sociales par des historiens et des philosophes de l’environnement (Bonneuil, Fressoz, 2013 ; Beau, Larrere, 2018), et qui gagne le champ de la geographie (Castree, 2014) a travers par exemple le recent Dictionnaire critique de l’Anthropocene (Groupe Cynorhodon, 2020), peut renouveler la geographie du developpement (Chaleard, Sanjuan, 2017) et ou la geogra...
{"title":"Editorial : L’Anthropocène sous les tropiques : tropicalité et développement à l’heure des changements globaux","authors":"G. Magrin, B. Thibaud","doi":"10.4000/belgeo.42708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.42708","url":null,"abstract":"Ce dossier de la revue Belgeo vise a ouvrir de premieres pistes sur la maniere dont la discussion sur l’Anthropocene, inauguree en sciences sociales par des historiens et des philosophes de l’environnement (Bonneuil, Fressoz, 2013 ; Beau, Larrere, 2018), et qui gagne le champ de la geographie (Castree, 2014) a travers par exemple le recent Dictionnaire critique de l’Anthropocene (Groupe Cynorhodon, 2020), peut renouveler la geographie du developpement (Chaleard, Sanjuan, 2017) et ou la geogra...","PeriodicalId":39933,"journal":{"name":"BELGEO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49012663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La crise environnementale globale confere aux grands projets de restauration ecologique un regain d’interet de la part des Etats. C’est le cas au Sahel, ou deux megaprojets sont imagines pour lutter contre la desertification et le changement climatique : l’edification de la Grande muraille verte (GMV) vise a revegetaliser les sols degrades des zones semi-arides grâce a des plantations a grande echelle, tandis que le sauvetage du lac Tchad consiste a amenager un transfert d’eau depuis le bassin du Congo vers le lac Tchad percu comme etant en voie d’assechement. Cet article porte un regard geographique et critique sur ces deux projets, ici apprehendes a l’aune du concept d’Anthropocene et de la notion de boucle de retroaction : dans quelle mesure les societes peuvent-elles retourner contre elles-memes la force tellurique du systeme-Terre a travers de grands projets visant justement a attenuer les effets negatifs de leur empreinte ?
{"title":"La boucle de l’Anthropocène au Sahel : nature et sociétés face aux grands projets environnementaux (Grande Muraille Verte, Sauvegarde du lac Tchad)","authors":"G. Magrin, R. Mugelé","doi":"10.4000/belgeo.42872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.42872","url":null,"abstract":"La crise environnementale globale confere aux grands projets de restauration ecologique un regain d’interet de la part des Etats. C’est le cas au Sahel, ou deux megaprojets sont imagines pour lutter contre la desertification et le changement climatique : l’edification de la Grande muraille verte (GMV) vise a revegetaliser les sols degrades des zones semi-arides grâce a des plantations a grande echelle, tandis que le sauvetage du lac Tchad consiste a amenager un transfert d’eau depuis le bassin du Congo vers le lac Tchad percu comme etant en voie d’assechement. Cet article porte un regard geographique et critique sur ces deux projets, ici apprehendes a l’aune du concept d’Anthropocene et de la notion de boucle de retroaction : dans quelle mesure les societes peuvent-elles retourner contre elles-memes la force tellurique du systeme-Terre a travers de grands projets visant justement a attenuer les effets negatifs de leur empreinte ?","PeriodicalId":39933,"journal":{"name":"BELGEO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46606010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Les terribles famines, a l’origine des troubles politiques et agraires des xxe et xxie siecles, ont mis en question l’existence meme de l’independance de l’Etat ethiopien. Pendant 2000 ans, il a exploite les populations des peripheries et pille leurs ressources. Or, la croissance soutenue de la population dans les hautes et les basses terres conquises sous Menilek, empeche desormais la poursuite de la politique de Raubwirtschaft. Au cœur des tropiques froids de la Corne de l’Afrique, la « Suisse africaine » des Europeens du xixe siecle survivra-t-elle au « choc de l’Anthropocene » ?
{"title":"Des tropiques froids face au choc de l’Anthropocène : les hautes terres éthiopiennes","authors":"A. Gascon","doi":"10.4000/belgeo.43022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.43022","url":null,"abstract":"Les terribles famines, a l’origine des troubles politiques et agraires des xxe et xxie siecles, ont mis en question l’existence meme de l’independance de l’Etat ethiopien. Pendant 2000 ans, il a exploite les populations des peripheries et pille leurs ressources. Or, la croissance soutenue de la population dans les hautes et les basses terres conquises sous Menilek, empeche desormais la poursuite de la politique de Raubwirtschaft. Au cœur des tropiques froids de la Corne de l’Afrique, la « Suisse africaine » des Europeens du xixe siecle survivra-t-elle au « choc de l’Anthropocene » ?","PeriodicalId":39933,"journal":{"name":"BELGEO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41770501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joan Vicente i Rufí, Yann Richard, Jaume Feliu, Matteo Berzi
Observing boundaries as an empirical manifestation of the spatial and temporal limits of societies (Jacob, Von Asche, 2014) is an exciting research perspective in social science. From the second half of the 19th Century to the beginning of the 20th Century, geographers have been working continuously on borders, in relation to various themes: political division of space, territoriality and exercise of power. All this research has been one of the most obvious manifestations of the link between ...
观察边界作为社会空间和时间限制的经验表现(Jacob, Von Asche, 2014)是社会科学中一个令人兴奋的研究视角。从19世纪下半叶到20世纪初，地理学家一直在研究边界，涉及各种主题:空间的政治划分、领土和权力的行使。所有这些研究都是……之间联系的最明显的表现之一。
{"title":"Editorial: Peripheral borders, soft and hard re-bordering in Europe","authors":"Joan Vicente i Rufí, Yann Richard, Jaume Feliu, Matteo Berzi","doi":"10.4000/belgeo.37391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.37391","url":null,"abstract":"Observing boundaries as an empirical manifestation of the spatial and temporal limits of societies (Jacob, Von Asche, 2014) is an exciting research perspective in social science. From the second half of the 19th Century to the beginning of the 20th Century, geographers have been working continuously on borders, in relation to various themes: political division of space, territoriality and exercise of power. All this research has been one of the most obvious manifestations of the link between ...","PeriodicalId":39933,"journal":{"name":"BELGEO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43158767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper seeks to answer to what extent the city of Vukovar is divided and in which way this division is geographically imagined and embedded in everyday life. Since each case of divided cities is driven by different factors and consists of different manifestations, case study design is the most appropriate one for researching micro-divisions in this post-conflict area. The case study of Vukovar is interesting because war legacy influenced new local policies and politics; open border issues affect bilateral relations on State level; and micro-regional frictions show deep identity-based divisions. Regardless of the lack of physical obstacles in the urban structure of the city, the research presents multilevel divisions that are visible in a form of imagined boundaries. Although Vukovar is an ethnically divided city we presume that division(s) lacks any strong geographical (or territorial) aspect. That is why the method of mental mapping on a random based sample of local population is used to compare imagined divisions in everyday life with administrative, ethnical and political ones.
{"title":"Deconstructing the discourse of divisions: mental boundaries in the divided city of Vukovar","authors":"Marta Zorko, Nikola Novak","doi":"10.4000/belgeo.38904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.38904","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to answer to what extent the city of Vukovar is divided and in which way this division is geographically imagined and embedded in everyday life. Since each case of divided cities is driven by different factors and consists of different manifestations, case study design is the most appropriate one for researching micro-divisions in this post-conflict area. The case study of Vukovar is interesting because war legacy influenced new local policies and politics; open border issues affect bilateral relations on State level; and micro-regional frictions show deep identity-based divisions. Regardless of the lack of physical obstacles in the urban structure of the city, the research presents multilevel divisions that are visible in a form of imagined boundaries. Although Vukovar is an ethnically divided city we presume that division(s) lacks any strong geographical (or territorial) aspect. That is why the method of mental mapping on a random based sample of local population is used to compare imagined divisions in everyday life with administrative, ethnical and political ones.","PeriodicalId":39933,"journal":{"name":"BELGEO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47295220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electoral geography of Ukraine is predominantly based on compositional effect studies, which consider nationality, language, and foreign policy orientations as main cleavage lines in Ukrainian society. Alternatively, scholars admit statistical significance of the regional factor and often interpret it as a historically constituted political culture. Both approaches are based on census and state statistics data (most often at oblast (regional) level) and construct artificial regions for research purposes. We assume that such approaches neglect underlying territorial configurations of electoral behavior in Ukraine. The paper is based on data at polling stations level for 2002-2014 parliamentary elections. The thorough cartographic analysis was conducted to clarify in what cases phantom borders are manifested in electoral maps and to reveal other territorial configurations of electoral behavior in Ukraine. We found that historical borders influence is limited to voting for nationalists, communists, and parties which are perceived as pro-Russian, their manifestations are dependent on each elections context and parties’ electoral strategies, and they are complicated by the overlapping effects of the other factors of electoral behavior (including administrative borders). The paper reveals that constituency campaigning in single-member districts (SMD) can influence parties’ results at the national level PR vote and that scaling of “our man” voting is essential for parties’ electoral success and is used in electoral strategies. We also accentuate the role of administrative borders, local-national and regional-national alliances in electoral geography of Ukraine.
{"title":"Borders, Constituency Politics, and “Our Man” Voting in Electoral Geography of Ukraine","authors":"M. Dobysh, B. Yatsenko","doi":"10.4000/belgeo.38851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.38851","url":null,"abstract":"The electoral geography of Ukraine is predominantly based on compositional effect studies, which consider nationality, language, and foreign policy orientations as main cleavage lines in Ukrainian society. Alternatively, scholars admit statistical significance of the regional factor and often interpret it as a historically constituted political culture. Both approaches are based on census and state statistics data (most often at oblast (regional) level) and construct artificial regions for research purposes. We assume that such approaches neglect underlying territorial configurations of electoral behavior in Ukraine. The paper is based on data at polling stations level for 2002-2014 parliamentary elections. The thorough cartographic analysis was conducted to clarify in what cases phantom borders are manifested in electoral maps and to reveal other territorial configurations of electoral behavior in Ukraine. We found that historical borders influence is limited to voting for nationalists, communists, and parties which are perceived as pro-Russian, their manifestations are dependent on each elections context and parties’ electoral strategies, and they are complicated by the overlapping effects of the other factors of electoral behavior (including administrative borders). The paper reveals that constituency campaigning in single-member districts (SMD) can influence parties’ results at the national level PR vote and that scaling of “our man” voting is essential for parties’ electoral success and is used in electoral strategies. We also accentuate the role of administrative borders, local-national and regional-national alliances in electoral geography of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":39933,"journal":{"name":"BELGEO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46286157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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