Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2023.2284881
Manpreet Kaur, Akshaya Balaji, J. Titiyal, Sridevi Nair
{"title":"An update of recommendations for follow-up care following unsuccessful cataract surgery","authors":"Manpreet Kaur, Akshaya Balaji, J. Titiyal, Sridevi Nair","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2023.2284881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2023.2284881","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139267822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-12DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2023.2281442
Nasser Karimi, Parya Abdolalizadeh, Hossein Ghahvehchian, Mansooreh Jamshidian Tehrani, Christopher J Compton, Jeremy D Clark, Nicole L West, Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli
ABSTRACTIntroduction There are two main techniques of lower blepharoplasty: transcutaneous and transconjunctival approaches. Most patients seeking lower eyelid rejuvenation have concomitant involutional changes in the lower eyelid and midface, which would better be addressed concurrently with the lower blepharoplasty procedure to yield better aesthetic and functional outcomes.Areas covered This study aims to review common aging-related changes in the lower eyelid as well as important preoperative considerations, surgical techniques, and various modifications of lower blepharoplasty. A literature search was performed in the PubMed database of English-language journals without restriction on the publication date using selected keywords. The relevant articles were selected by reviewing the titles and abstracts.Expert opinion The lower eyelid and midface should be perceived as a continuum. Currently the fat preservation approach is the mainstream in lower blepharoplasty to prevent postoperative skeletonization of the eye. Fat transposition, via either pedicled fat flaps or free fat grafts, is used to efface tear trough deformity and the eyelid-cheek junction as a primary aim inaesthetic lower eyelid surgeries. Lower blepharoplasty can also be combined with adjuvant procedures to address festoon and droopy midface in selected individuals.KEYWORDS: Lower blepharoplastylower eyelidtear troughtransconjunctival blepharoplastytransconjunctival blepharoplastyorbital fat Article highlights The composite morphology of lower eyelid and mid-face aging is commonly designated as the double convexity deformity.The concept of lower blepharoplasty has shifted from a pure subtractive surgery to fat reposition, conservative skin excision and blending of the eyelid-cheek junction.Releasing the orbicularis retaining ligament is a crucial step in lower blepharoplasty, specifically for patients with an untoward infraorbital hollow.Although pedicled fat flap transposition can effectively efface the infraorbital hollow, this technique has some downsides.Recently it has been demonstrated that the aims of fat redistribution in lower blepharoplasty can be safely achievable by the minced fat graft technique.Most, if not all, cases of lower blepharoplasty would better be complemented with prophylactic canthal anchoring techniques to prevent lower eyelid malposition.Suborbicularis oculi fat elevation is an alternative to lower eyelid fat repositioning, particularly for subjects with negative vectors or hypoplastic malar prominences.Declaration of interestsJD Clark is a professional speaker for Horizon therapeutics. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.Reviewer disclosuresPeer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.Additio
{"title":"Lower blepharoplasty; advanced techniques and adjunctive procedures","authors":"Nasser Karimi, Parya Abdolalizadeh, Hossein Ghahvehchian, Mansooreh Jamshidian Tehrani, Christopher J Compton, Jeremy D Clark, Nicole L West, Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2023.2281442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2023.2281442","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIntroduction There are two main techniques of lower blepharoplasty: transcutaneous and transconjunctival approaches. Most patients seeking lower eyelid rejuvenation have concomitant involutional changes in the lower eyelid and midface, which would better be addressed concurrently with the lower blepharoplasty procedure to yield better aesthetic and functional outcomes.Areas covered This study aims to review common aging-related changes in the lower eyelid as well as important preoperative considerations, surgical techniques, and various modifications of lower blepharoplasty. A literature search was performed in the PubMed database of English-language journals without restriction on the publication date using selected keywords. The relevant articles were selected by reviewing the titles and abstracts.Expert opinion The lower eyelid and midface should be perceived as a continuum. Currently the fat preservation approach is the mainstream in lower blepharoplasty to prevent postoperative skeletonization of the eye. Fat transposition, via either pedicled fat flaps or free fat grafts, is used to efface tear trough deformity and the eyelid-cheek junction as a primary aim inaesthetic lower eyelid surgeries. Lower blepharoplasty can also be combined with adjuvant procedures to address festoon and droopy midface in selected individuals.KEYWORDS: Lower blepharoplastylower eyelidtear troughtransconjunctival blepharoplastytransconjunctival blepharoplastyorbital fat Article highlights The composite morphology of lower eyelid and mid-face aging is commonly designated as the double convexity deformity.The concept of lower blepharoplasty has shifted from a pure subtractive surgery to fat reposition, conservative skin excision and blending of the eyelid-cheek junction.Releasing the orbicularis retaining ligament is a crucial step in lower blepharoplasty, specifically for patients with an untoward infraorbital hollow.Although pedicled fat flap transposition can effectively efface the infraorbital hollow, this technique has some downsides.Recently it has been demonstrated that the aims of fat redistribution in lower blepharoplasty can be safely achievable by the minced fat graft technique.Most, if not all, cases of lower blepharoplasty would better be complemented with prophylactic canthal anchoring techniques to prevent lower eyelid malposition.Suborbicularis oculi fat elevation is an alternative to lower eyelid fat repositioning, particularly for subjects with negative vectors or hypoplastic malar prominences.Declaration of interestsJD Clark is a professional speaker for Horizon therapeutics. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.Reviewer disclosuresPeer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.Additio","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"31 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2023.2281446
Koju Kamoi
ABSTRACTIntroduction Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a lifelong persistent retrovirus associated with numerous systemic and ocular diseases, presenting significant clinical challenges.Areas covered A detailed overview of HTLV-1 associated ocular diseases is provided, along with the highlighting of recent findings challenging traditional views on transmission routes and the role of proviral load in HTLV-1 disease onset. The focus is on pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, current therapeutic strategies, recent advancements, and potential future directions in treatment.Expert opinion Recent discoveries emphasize the crucial role of horizontal transmission in HTLV-1 associated diseases, highlighting the need for heightened global awareness and effective screening practices. It’s revealed that HTLV-1 uveitis onset can be accelerated patients with Graves’ disease, despite a low proviral load and short latency period. Understanding such interplay and the pathogenesis of HTLV-1-associated ocular diseases is important in developing effective treatment strategies. Given the complexities of HTLV-1 ocular diseases, interdisciplinary collaboration is of the essence.KEYWORDS: Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1HTLV-1Horizontal transmissionHTLV-1 uveitisGraves’ diseaseKeratoconjunctivitis SiccaScleritisOptic neuritisAdult T-cell leukemia/lymphomaATLL-related ocular manifestationsOpportunistic infectionsHematopoietic stem cell transplantationDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also. Article highlightsThe Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus-1 (HTLV-1) is associated with a wide range of ocular conditions, including HTLV-1 uveitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, interstitial keratitis, optic neuritis, overlap syndrome, and Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)-related ocular conditions. Each condition presents unique clinical challenges that necessitate an in-depth understanding and tailored treatment strategies for effective management.Therapeutic strategies for ocular inflammatory diseases related to HTLV-1, including HTLV-1 uveitis, currently focus on suppressing inflammation and controlling symptoms, largely through the use of steroids. This reliance on steroids punctuates the crucial need for new, targeted, and less invasive treatments. While potential solutions such as targeted drugs and biologics offer promising advances, it’s necessary to conduct further research to confirm their effectiveness, assess safety, and validate their use.The growing recognition of horizontal transmission as a significant route for HTLV-1-associated disease could d
{"title":"Current challenges facing the clinical treatment for HTLV-1 ocular manifestations","authors":"Koju Kamoi","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2023.2281446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2023.2281446","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIntroduction Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a lifelong persistent retrovirus associated with numerous systemic and ocular diseases, presenting significant clinical challenges.Areas covered A detailed overview of HTLV-1 associated ocular diseases is provided, along with the highlighting of recent findings challenging traditional views on transmission routes and the role of proviral load in HTLV-1 disease onset. The focus is on pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, current therapeutic strategies, recent advancements, and potential future directions in treatment.Expert opinion Recent discoveries emphasize the crucial role of horizontal transmission in HTLV-1 associated diseases, highlighting the need for heightened global awareness and effective screening practices. It’s revealed that HTLV-1 uveitis onset can be accelerated patients with Graves’ disease, despite a low proviral load and short latency period. Understanding such interplay and the pathogenesis of HTLV-1-associated ocular diseases is important in developing effective treatment strategies. Given the complexities of HTLV-1 ocular diseases, interdisciplinary collaboration is of the essence.KEYWORDS: Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1HTLV-1Horizontal transmissionHTLV-1 uveitisGraves’ diseaseKeratoconjunctivitis SiccaScleritisOptic neuritisAdult T-cell leukemia/lymphomaATLL-related ocular manifestationsOpportunistic infectionsHematopoietic stem cell transplantationDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also. Article highlightsThe Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus-1 (HTLV-1) is associated with a wide range of ocular conditions, including HTLV-1 uveitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, interstitial keratitis, optic neuritis, overlap syndrome, and Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)-related ocular conditions. Each condition presents unique clinical challenges that necessitate an in-depth understanding and tailored treatment strategies for effective management.Therapeutic strategies for ocular inflammatory diseases related to HTLV-1, including HTLV-1 uveitis, currently focus on suppressing inflammation and controlling symptoms, largely through the use of steroids. This reliance on steroids punctuates the crucial need for new, targeted, and less invasive treatments. While potential solutions such as targeted drugs and biologics offer promising advances, it’s necessary to conduct further research to confirm their effectiveness, assess safety, and validate their use.The growing recognition of horizontal transmission as a significant route for HTLV-1-associated disease could d","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":" 33","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2023.2281441
Richard Holt
{"title":"The impact of genetic testing for microphthalmia, anophthalmia and coloboma: experiences from a translational approach","authors":"Richard Holt","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2023.2281441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2023.2281441","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"110 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135342138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2023.2281448
Srinivas Marmamula, V. K. Yelagondula, Rajashekar Varada, R. Khanna
ABSTRACT Introduction Vision loss is a public health challenge adversely affecting over a billion people worldwide. Low and middle income countries (LMICs) have a disproportionately higher prevalence of vision loss compared to high-income countries. Over 80% of vision loss can be addressed with either spectacles or cataract surgery. Both of these interventions are low cost and cost effective. Despite this, several barriers prevent individuals from accessing eye care. Areas covered This paper covers various elements of access (approachability, acceptability, affordability, availability and appropriateness) and presents barriers that prevent access to eye care services in LMICs. Disease-specific barriers and various models and strategies that address the accessibility challenges are presented with a special reference to the use of technology to improve access. Expert opinion Strategies such as providing free eye care, lowering direct and indirect costs, improve access to cataract surgery. While access-related challenges related to cataract surgery are well studied, there is inadequate information on access to refraction services for refractive errors and other conditions. Future research can focus on addressing this information gap. This can then help develop strategies to address the burden of uncorrected refractive errors and other causes of vision loss and contribute towards achieving universal eye health coverage. Search strategy used A literature search was carried out to identify the relevant articles reporting barriers to seeking eye care in the Medline, CINHAL and PsycINFO databases between 20 and 27 May 2023. From this search, the relevant articles were shortlisted for data extraction.
{"title":"Improving access to eye care in low and middle-income countries – challenges, opportunities, and the way forward","authors":"Srinivas Marmamula, V. K. Yelagondula, Rajashekar Varada, R. Khanna","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2023.2281448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2023.2281448","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction Vision loss is a public health challenge adversely affecting over a billion people worldwide. Low and middle income countries (LMICs) have a disproportionately higher prevalence of vision loss compared to high-income countries. Over 80% of vision loss can be addressed with either spectacles or cataract surgery. Both of these interventions are low cost and cost effective. Despite this, several barriers prevent individuals from accessing eye care. Areas covered This paper covers various elements of access (approachability, acceptability, affordability, availability and appropriateness) and presents barriers that prevent access to eye care services in LMICs. Disease-specific barriers and various models and strategies that address the accessibility challenges are presented with a special reference to the use of technology to improve access. Expert opinion Strategies such as providing free eye care, lowering direct and indirect costs, improve access to cataract surgery. While access-related challenges related to cataract surgery are well studied, there is inadequate information on access to refraction services for refractive errors and other conditions. Future research can focus on addressing this information gap. This can then help develop strategies to address the burden of uncorrected refractive errors and other causes of vision loss and contribute towards achieving universal eye health coverage. Search strategy used A literature search was carried out to identify the relevant articles reporting barriers to seeking eye care in the Medline, CINHAL and PsycINFO databases between 20 and 27 May 2023. From this search, the relevant articles were shortlisted for data extraction.","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"6 1","pages":"365 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139290630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2023.2281447
Alexis S. Kassotis, Meera Ramakrishnan, T. Tezel
ABSTRACT Introduction Full-thickness macular hole is a visually significant condition with a very high surgical anatomical closure rate. Areas covered A literature review was performed focusing on surgical techniques for macular holes. What is known about the underlying anatomy and pathophysiology of macular hole formation is applied to surgical techniques that address the mechanisms for hole closure. Expert opinion While anatomic and functional success can be achieved at high rates, much is yet to be learned about the molecular and microstructural changes resulting from surgical manipulation. These insights will help guide novel techniques for complex cases which still suffer from suboptimal surgical outcomes.
{"title":"Surgical management of macular holes: techniques, outcomes, and treatment of special cases","authors":"Alexis S. Kassotis, Meera Ramakrishnan, T. Tezel","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2023.2281447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2023.2281447","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction Full-thickness macular hole is a visually significant condition with a very high surgical anatomical closure rate. Areas covered A literature review was performed focusing on surgical techniques for macular holes. What is known about the underlying anatomy and pathophysiology of macular hole formation is applied to surgical techniques that address the mechanisms for hole closure. Expert opinion While anatomic and functional success can be achieved at high rates, much is yet to be learned about the molecular and microstructural changes resulting from surgical manipulation. These insights will help guide novel techniques for complex cases which still suffer from suboptimal surgical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"12 1","pages":"391 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139290200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2023.2275586
P. Karpecki, John D. Sheppard
ABSTRACT Introduction Perfluorohexyloctane (PFHO) ophthalmic solution (brand name, MIEBO) was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). Unlike most DED treatments, PFHO addresses evaporative DED, which represents the vast majority of DED cases. PFHO may function as a surrogate for the tear film’s lipid layer, inhibiting evaporation. Areas covered This article summarizes data – found via PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov (May 30-1 September 2023) – surrounding PHFO and provides some considerations for its use. Preclinically, PFHO’s unique molecular properties facilitate formation of a layer at the tear film’s air-liquid interface and inhibit saline evaporation by 81%. These properties translate to improved clinical outcomes in DED: in phase 3 studies, 40% to 50% of PFHO-group patients had a ≥ 3-step total corneal fluorescein staining improvement at day 57, and approximately 60% of patients had ≥ 30% reduction in visual analog scale dryness scores, improvements that persisted to 52 weeks. Additionally, PFHO demonstrated a robust safety profile. Expert opinion PFHO is the first prescription eye drop that directly addresses hyperevaporation in DED. PFHO is poised to help fill the large unmet need of patients with evaporative DED, potentially improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
{"title":"Perfluorohexyloctane ophthalmic solution: a review of a prescription treatment for dry eye disease that directly targets tear evaporation","authors":"P. Karpecki, John D. Sheppard","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2023.2275586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2023.2275586","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction Perfluorohexyloctane (PFHO) ophthalmic solution (brand name, MIEBO) was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). Unlike most DED treatments, PFHO addresses evaporative DED, which represents the vast majority of DED cases. PFHO may function as a surrogate for the tear film’s lipid layer, inhibiting evaporation. Areas covered This article summarizes data – found via PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov (May 30-1 September 2023) – surrounding PHFO and provides some considerations for its use. Preclinically, PFHO’s unique molecular properties facilitate formation of a layer at the tear film’s air-liquid interface and inhibit saline evaporation by 81%. These properties translate to improved clinical outcomes in DED: in phase 3 studies, 40% to 50% of PFHO-group patients had a ≥ 3-step total corneal fluorescein staining improvement at day 57, and approximately 60% of patients had ≥ 30% reduction in visual analog scale dryness scores, improvements that persisted to 52 weeks. Additionally, PFHO demonstrated a robust safety profile. Expert opinion PFHO is the first prescription eye drop that directly addresses hyperevaporation in DED. PFHO is poised to help fill the large unmet need of patients with evaporative DED, potentially improving patient outcomes and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":"355 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139291105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2023.2277781
Ronald H. Silverman
ABSTRACTIntroduction Ultrasound imaging of the eye was introduced over 50 years ago. While the physical principles of ultrasound imaging have not changed, technology has undergone tremendous and ongoing development.Areas covered The fundamentals of ultrasound physics, biometry (A-scan), structural imaging (B-scan) and blood-flow imaging and measurement (Doppler) will be described. Emphasis will be placed on technological development and potential future advances.Expert opinion While A- and B-scan ultrasound of the eye has traditionally been performed with focused single-element transducers, the introduction of annular and linear arrays has enhanced clinical utility. Future advances, especially in multielement arrays, and point-of-care systems promise amazing new capabilities for diagnostic imaging of the eye and orbit.KEYWORDS: UltrasoundeyeDopplertransducerDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also. Article highlightsMedical diagnostic ultrasound developed in the aftermath of the second world war as a spinoff of Sonar technology used for underwater range finding.While ophthalmic ultrasound has largely been based on mechanically scanned, focused single-element transducer technology, virtually all other clinical specialties use linear array-based systems.Array-based systems allow control of focal depth. Linear arrays offer high scan rates and can provide Doppler to visualize and measure blood-flow.The advantages and decreasing cost of linear array systems is leading towards greater utilization for ophthalmic imaging.While the principles of ultrasound imaging are unchanged, the technology, especially in array-based systems, continues to advance.Declaration of interestR H Silverman has a financial interest in Arcscan, Inc. The author has no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.Reviewer disclosuresPeer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.Figure 1: Left: Plots representing ultrasound waveform of a highly damped (top) and a poorly damped (bottom) transducer of the same wavelength (λ). To the right of each plot is the power spectrum corresponding to each waveform. Bandwidth (usually measured at 50% of maximum spectral power) is inversely related to pulse-length.Display full sizeFigure 2: 1970’s setup for immersion ultrasonography. The probe was pivoted by hand to sweep out a B-scan or held steady for an A-scan while the sh
{"title":"Principles of ophthalmic ultrasound","authors":"Ronald H. Silverman","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2023.2277781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2023.2277781","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIntroduction Ultrasound imaging of the eye was introduced over 50 years ago. While the physical principles of ultrasound imaging have not changed, technology has undergone tremendous and ongoing development.Areas covered The fundamentals of ultrasound physics, biometry (A-scan), structural imaging (B-scan) and blood-flow imaging and measurement (Doppler) will be described. Emphasis will be placed on technological development and potential future advances.Expert opinion While A- and B-scan ultrasound of the eye has traditionally been performed with focused single-element transducers, the introduction of annular and linear arrays has enhanced clinical utility. Future advances, especially in multielement arrays, and point-of-care systems promise amazing new capabilities for diagnostic imaging of the eye and orbit.KEYWORDS: UltrasoundeyeDopplertransducerDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also. Article highlightsMedical diagnostic ultrasound developed in the aftermath of the second world war as a spinoff of Sonar technology used for underwater range finding.While ophthalmic ultrasound has largely been based on mechanically scanned, focused single-element transducer technology, virtually all other clinical specialties use linear array-based systems.Array-based systems allow control of focal depth. Linear arrays offer high scan rates and can provide Doppler to visualize and measure blood-flow.The advantages and decreasing cost of linear array systems is leading towards greater utilization for ophthalmic imaging.While the principles of ultrasound imaging are unchanged, the technology, especially in array-based systems, continues to advance.Declaration of interestR H Silverman has a financial interest in Arcscan, Inc. The author has no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.Reviewer disclosuresPeer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.Figure 1: Left: Plots representing ultrasound waveform of a highly damped (top) and a poorly damped (bottom) transducer of the same wavelength (λ). To the right of each plot is the power spectrum corresponding to each waveform. Bandwidth (usually measured at 50% of maximum spectral power) is inversely related to pulse-length.Display full sizeFigure 2: 1970’s setup for immersion ultrasonography. The probe was pivoted by hand to sweep out a B-scan or held steady for an A-scan while the sh","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"3 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2023.2275587
Jae-Chiang Wong, Rebecca F. Neustein, Melih Ustaoglu, Eric Shiuey, Nikki Mehran, Marlene R. Moster, Reza Razeghinejad, L. Jay Katz, Jonathan Myers, Daniel Lee
{"title":"The long-term clinical outcomes of latanoprostene bunod 0.024% in glaucoma Treatment at a tertiary glaucoma center.","authors":"Jae-Chiang Wong, Rebecca F. Neustein, Melih Ustaoglu, Eric Shiuey, Nikki Mehran, Marlene R. Moster, Reza Razeghinejad, L. Jay Katz, Jonathan Myers, Daniel Lee","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2023.2275587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2023.2275587","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2023.2272050
Nesime Setge Tıskaoğlu, Sevim Ayça Seyyar, Gizem Gürbostan Sosyal
ABSTRACTBackground Social media as well as YouTube are widely used to gain information on medical conditions. We aimed to assess and evaluate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos on ocular allergies and determine whether they are a trustworthy source of information.Research design and methods The first 60 videos from the search terms ‘allergic conjunctivitis’, ‘atopic conjunctivitis’, ‘allergic conjunctivitis symptoms’, and ‘allergic conjunctivitis eye drops’ were analyzed using modified DISCERN, Global Quality Score, Journal of the American Medical Association scores and Health on the Net Code criteria. The total number of views, view ratio, likes, comments, and duration were recorded and videos were evaluated as useful, non-useful, and misleading.Results The average mDISCERN score for the videos was 3.25 ± 0.76 (moderate), the average JAMA score was 2.76 ± 0.64 (intermediate), the average GQS score was 3.13 ± 0.8 (intermediate) and the average HONcode score was 7.8 ± 2.6 (intermediate). The most common video source was health professionals (61.9%).Conclusions Videos on allergic conjunctivitis while having reliable publishers are of moderate quality. Quality regulation of content uploaded on allergic conjunctivitis is needed. Health professionals should try to improve video content and provide more information on the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.KEYWORDS: Allergic diseasesYouTubeocular allergyallergic conjunctivitismDISCERNJAMAGQS; HONcodeDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also. Declaration of interestsThe authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royaltiesAuthor contribution statement: All authors contributed to the conception and design of the article and interpreting the relevant literature, all authors were involved in writing the article and/or revised it for intellectual content.Reviewer disclosuresPeer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.Figure 1: Flowchart of selection of videos included in the study.Display full sizeAdditional informationFundingThis paper was not funded.
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