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Real-time Empirical Mode Decomposition for EEG signal enhancement 基于实时经验模态分解的脑电信号增强方法
Pub Date : 2013-09-09 DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.43399
Alina Santillán-Guzmán, M. Fischer, U. Heute, G. Schmidt
Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings are used for brain research. However, in most cases, the recordings not only contain brain waves, but also artifacts of physiological or technical origins. A recent approach used for signal enhancement is Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), an adaptive data-driven technique which decomposes non-stationary data into so-called Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). Once the IMFs are obtained, they can be used for denoising and detrending purposes. This paper presents a real-time implementation of an EMD-based signal enhancement scheme. The proposed implementation is used for removing noise, for suppressing muscle artifacts, and for detrending EEG signals in an automatic manner and in real-time. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated by application to a simulated and a real EEG data set from an epilepsy patient. Moreover, by visual inspection and in a quantitative manner, it is shown that after the EMD in real-time, the EEG signals are enhanced.
脑电图(EEG)记录用于大脑研究。然而,在大多数情况下,录音不仅包含脑电波,还包含生理或技术来源的人工制品。最近用于信号增强的方法是经验模态分解(EMD),这是一种自适应数据驱动技术,将非平稳数据分解为所谓的内禀模态函数(imf)。一旦获得了imf,它们就可以用于去噪和去趋势。本文提出了一种基于emd的信号增强方案的实时实现。所提出的实现用于去除噪声,抑制肌肉伪影,以及以自动和实时的方式对EEG信号进行去趋势。通过对一个癫痫患者的模拟脑电图数据集和真实脑电图数据集的分析,验证了该算法的有效性。此外,通过目测和定量分析表明,实时EMD后的脑电信号得到了增强。
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引用次数: 10
Non-Unitary Joint Block Diagonalization of matrices using a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm 用Levenberg-Marquardt算法求解矩阵的非酉联合块对角化
Pub Date : 2013-09-09 DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.43369
O. Cherrak, H. Ghennioui, El Hossein Abarkan, N. Thirion-Moreau
This communication addresses the problem of the Non-Unitary Joint Block Diagonalization (NU - JBD) of a given set of complexmatrices. This problemoccurs in various fields of applications, among which is the blind separation of convolutive mixtures of sources. We present a new method for the NU - JBD based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA). Our algorithm uses a numerical diagram of optimization which requires the calculation of the complex Hessian matrices. The main advantages of the proposed method stem from the LMA properties: it is powerful, stable and more robust. Computer simulations are provided in order to illustrate the good behavior of the proposed method in different contexts. Two cases are studied: in the first scenario, a set of exactly block-diagonal matrices are considered, then these matrices are progressively perturbed by an additive gaussian noise. Finally, this new NU - JBD algorithm is compared to others put forward in the literature: one based on an optimal step-size relative gradient-descent algorithm [1] and one based on a nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm [2]. This comparison emphasizes the good behavior of the proposed method.
本文讨论了给定复矩阵集的非酉联合块对角化问题。这个问题在各个应用领域都存在,其中之一就是对卷积混合源的盲目分离。提出了一种基于Levenberg-Marquardt算法(LMA)的NU - JBD新方法。我们的算法使用优化的数值图,这需要计算复杂的Hessian矩阵。该方法的主要优点来自于LMA的特性:它功能强大、稳定且鲁棒性更强。为了说明该方法在不同环境下的良好性能,给出了计算机仿真。研究了两种情况:在第一种情况下,考虑一组完全对角块矩阵,然后这些矩阵被加性高斯噪声逐步扰动。最后,将NU - JBD算法与文献中提出的基于最优步长相对梯度下降算法[1]和基于非线性共轭梯度算法[2]的算法进行比较。这种比较强调了所提出的方法的良好性能。
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引用次数: 7
Channel equalization for synchronization of Ikeda maps 池田地图同步的通道均衡
Pub Date : 2013-09-09 DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.43581
Renato Candido, M. Eisencraft, Magno T. M. Silva
Many communication systems based on the synchronism of chaotic systems have been proposed as an alternative spread spectrum modulation that improves the level of privacy in data transmission. However, due to the lack of robustness of chaos synchronization, even minor channel imperfections are enough to hinder communication. In this paper, we propose an adaptive equalization scheme to recover a binary sequence modulated by a chaotic signal, which in turn is generated by Ikeda maps. The proposed scheme employs the normalized least-mean-squares (NLMS) algorithm with a modification to enable chaotic synchronization even when the communication channel is not ideal. Simulation results show that the modified NLMS can successfully equalize the channel in different scenarios.
许多基于混沌系统同步性的通信系统已被提出作为一种可替代的扩频调制,以提高数据传输中的隐私水平。然而,由于混沌同步缺乏鲁棒性,即使是很小的信道缺陷也足以阻碍通信。在本文中,我们提出了一种自适应均衡方案来恢复由混沌信号调制的二值序列,而混沌信号又由池田映射产生。该方案采用归一化最小均二乘(NLMS)算法进行改进,即使在通信信道不理想的情况下也能实现混沌同步。仿真结果表明,改进的NLMS可以在不同场景下成功地实现信道均衡。
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引用次数: 8
Coordinated scheduling for wireless backhaul networks with soft frequency reuse 软频率复用无线回程网络的协调调度
Pub Date : 2013-09-09 DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.43543
H. Dahrouj, Wei Yu, Taiwen Tang, J. Chow, Radu Selea
Coordinated resource allocation is a topic of significant interest for emerging wireless networks. This paper proposes and examines the benefits of coordinated scheduling in soft frequency reuse (SFR) based systems. Consider the downlink of a 3-sector-per-cell SFR-based wireless backhaul network consisting of N access nodes (ANs), each serving K remote terminals (RTs) multiplexed across the K time/frequency zones, with frequency reuse one between the sectors. Assuming a fixed transmit power, the paper considers the resource allocation problem of optimally scheduling each of the NK RTs to one of the NK power-zones, on a one-to-one basis, and in a coordinated manner, as opposed to conventional systems which schedule the RTs one at a time in an uncoordinated way. The paper solves the problem using the auction method, which offers a close-to-global-optimal solution. The paper further proposes heuristic methods with lower computational complexity. Simulation results show that coordinated scheduling offers significant performance improvement as compared to non-coordinated systems.
协调资源分配是新兴无线网络的一个重要课题。本文提出并研究了基于软频率复用(SFR)的系统中协调调度的好处。考虑一个由N个接入节点(ANs)组成的3扇区/小区无线回传网络的下行链路,每个接入节点(ANs)服务K个远程终端(RTs),这些远程终端在K个时间/频率区域中复用,扇区之间的频率复用一个。假设一个固定的发射功率,本文考虑了在一对一的基础上以协调的方式将每个NK rt最优调度到NK功率区域之一的资源分配问题,而不是传统系统以不协调的方式一次调度一个rt。本文采用拍卖方法求解该问题,该方法提供了一个接近全局最优解。本文进一步提出了计算复杂度较低的启发式方法。仿真结果表明,与非协调调度相比,协调调度能显著提高系统的性能。
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引用次数: 13
A simple and efficient approach for coarse segmentation of Moroccan coastal upwelling 摩洛哥海岸上升流粗分割的一种简单有效的方法
Pub Date : 2013-09-09 DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.43637
A. Tamim, K. Minaoui, K. Daoudi, Hussein M. Yahia, A. Atillah, M. F. Smiej, D. Aboutajdine
In this work, we aim to develop a simple and fast algorithm using conventional methods in images segmentation for the automatic detection and extraction of upwelling areas, in the coastal region of Morocco, from the sea surface temperature (SST) satellite images. Our approach is based on the evaluation and comparison between two unsupervised classification methods, Otsu and Fuzzy C-means, and explores the applicability of these methods to our classification problem. The latter consists in coarse detection of the main thermal front that separates coastal cold upwelling waters from the remaining ocean waters. The algorithm has been applied and validated by an oceanographer over a database of 66 SST images corresponding to southern Moroccan coastal upwelling of the years 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2009. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm revealed is promising and reliable on different upwelling scenarios and for a wide variety of oceanographic conditions.
在这项工作中,我们的目标是利用传统的图像分割方法开发一种简单快速的算法,用于从海面温度(SST)卫星图像中自动检测和提取摩洛哥沿海地区的上升流区域。我们的方法是基于对两种无监督分类方法Otsu和模糊C-means的评价和比较,并探讨这些方法对我们的分类问题的适用性。后者包括对分离沿海冷上升流与其余海水的主热锋的粗略探测。该算法已由一位海洋学家在一个数据库上进行了应用和验证,该数据库包含2004、2005、2007和2009年摩洛哥南部沿海上升流的66幅海温图像。结果表明,所提出的算法在不同的上升流情景和各种海洋条件下是有希望和可靠的。
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引用次数: 20
Exact tracking analysis of the NLMS algorithm for correlated Gaussian inputs 相关高斯输入NLMS算法的精确跟踪分析
Pub Date : 2013-09-09 DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.43671
T. Al-Naffouri, M. Moinuddin
This work presents an exact tracking analysis of the Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) algorithm for circular complex correlated Gaussian inputs. Unlike the existing works, the analysis presented neither uses separation principle nor small step-size assumption. The approach is based on the derivation of a closed form expression for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of random variables of the form (∥u∥D12)(∥u∥D22)-1 where u is a white Gaussian vector and D1 and D2 are diagonal matrices and using that to derive the first and second moments of such variables. These moments are then used to evaluate the tracking behavior of the NLMS algorithm in closed form. Thus, both the steady-state mean-square-error (MSE) and mean-square-deviation (MSD )tracking behaviors of the NLMS algorithm are evaluated. The analysis is also used to derive the optimum step-size that minimizes the excess MSE (EMSE). Simulations presented for the steady-state tracking behavior support the theoretical findings for a wide range of step-size and input correlation.
这项工作提出了对圆形复相关高斯输入的归一化最小均方(NLMS)算法的精确跟踪分析。与已有的分析不同,本文的分析既没有采用分离原理,也没有采用小步长假设。该方法基于形式为(∥u∥D12)(∥u∥D22)-1的随机变量的累积分布函数(CDF)的封闭形式表达式的推导,其中u是一个白色高斯向量,D1和D2是对角矩阵,并使用该表达式推导出这些变量的第一和第二矩。然后使用这些矩以封闭形式评估NLMS算法的跟踪行为。因此,对NLMS算法的稳态均方误差(MSE)和均方偏差(MSD)跟踪行为进行了评估。该分析还用于推导最大限度地减少过量MSE (EMSE)的最佳步长。对稳态跟踪行为的仿真支持了大范围步长和输入相关性的理论发现。
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引用次数: 0
Generating virtual microphone signals in noisy environments 在嘈杂环境中产生虚拟麦克风信号
Pub Date : 2013-09-09 DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.43505
K. Kowalczyk, A. Craciun, Emanuël Habets
Spatial sound acquisition methods typically capture the sound scene with reference to the position of the recording device. Using a recently proposed virtual microphone (VM) technique, the position and characteristics of the recording device (such as the directivity response and orientation) can be modified. This technique relies on synthesizing a VM signal at an arbitrary position, which sounds perceptually similar to the signal that would be recorded with a physical microphone placed at the same location. In this paper, we present a method to generate a VM signal in the presence of noise. Noise reduction is accomplished using a parametric multichannel Wiener filter, where a trade-off parameter is applied in order to achieve a constant residual noise level in the generated VM signal, irrespective of the VM position. The simulated experiments show the applicability of the method for signal extraction in the presence of additive noise.
空间声音获取方法典型地根据记录设备的位置捕获声音场景。利用最近提出的虚拟麦克风(VM)技术,可以修改录音设备的位置和特性(如指向性响应和方向)。这种技术依赖于在任意位置合成虚拟机信号,这种信号听起来与放置在同一位置的物理麦克风录制的信号相似。在本文中,我们提出了一种在存在噪声的情况下产生虚拟机信号的方法。降噪是使用参数多通道维纳滤波器完成的,其中应用权衡参数,以便在生成的VM信号中实现恒定的残余噪声水平,而不考虑VM的位置。仿真实验表明,该方法适用于存在加性噪声的信号提取。
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引用次数: 4
Fast joint DOA and pitch estimation using a broadband MVDR beamformer 宽带MVDR波束形成器的快速联合DOA和pitch估计
Pub Date : 2013-09-09 DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.43553
Sam Karimian-Azari, J. Jensen, M. G. Christensen
The harmonic model, i.e., a sum of sinusoids having frequencies that are integer multiples of the pitch, has been widely used for modeling of voiced speech. In microphone arrays, the direction-of-arrival (DOA) adds an additional parameter that can help in obtaining a robust procedure for tracking non-stationary speech signals in noisy conditions. In this paper, a joint DOA and pitch estimation (JDPE) method is proposed. The method is based on the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer in the frequency-domain and is much faster than previous joint methods, as it only requires the computation of the optimal filters once per segment. To exploit that both pitch and DOA evolve piece-wise smoothly over time, we also extend a dynamic programming approach to joint smoothing of both parameters. Simulations show the proposed method is much more robust than parallel and cascaded methods combining existing DOA and pitch estimators.
谐波模型,即频率为音高整数倍的正弦波的和,已被广泛用于浊音的建模。在麦克风阵列中,到达方向(DOA)增加了一个额外的参数,可以帮助获得在噪声条件下跟踪非平稳语音信号的鲁棒过程。本文提出了一种联合DOA和pitch估计(JDPE)方法。该方法基于频域最小方差无失真响应(MVDR)波束形成,每段只需要计算一次最优滤波器,比以往的联合方法快得多。为了利用节距和DOA随时间的分段平滑发展,我们还扩展了一种动态规划方法来对这两个参数进行联合平滑。仿真结果表明,该方法的鲁棒性优于现有的DOA和pitch估计方法的并行和级联方法。
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引用次数: 14
Generalized Complex time-distribution using modified analytical continuation 广义复时间分布的修正解析延拓
Pub Date : 2013-09-09 DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.43674
Cindy Bernard, C. Ioana
The Generalized Complex time distributions have been recently introduced as a way for reducing the auto-terms of any bilinear time-frequency representation that appear when dealing with non-linear time-frequency structures. This concept requires the definition of signal at complex times and this abstract operation is achieved by the analytical continuation principle. In the current version, this principle is efficient only for narrow-band signals, restricting also the application of the complex time distribution to more complicate signals. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to overcome the limitations of the analytical continuation in the case of signals with a spread time-frequency variation. This method is based on the compression of the signals spectrum to a bandwidth that ensures the efficiency of the analytical continuation technique. Then, the application of generalized complex time distribution will allow an accurate estimation of the instantaneous frequency law. The spectrum expanding will bring this estimation to the correct time-frequency location.
广义复时间分布是最近引入的一种方法,用于减少处理非线性时频结构时出现的任何双线性时频表示的自项。这个概念需要在复杂时间定义信号,这种抽象运算是通过解析延拓原理来实现的。在当前版本中,该原理仅对窄带信号有效,这也限制了复杂时间分布在更复杂信号中的应用。本文的目的是提出一种方法来克服分析延拓在信号时频扩展情况下的局限性。该方法的基础是将信号频谱压缩到一定的带宽,以保证分析延拓技术的效率。然后,应用广义复时间分布可以准确地估计瞬时频率规律。频谱扩展将使该估计得到正确的时频位置。
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引用次数: 1
A cepstrum prefiltering approach for DOA estimation of speech signal in reverberant environments 混响环境下语音信号DOA估计的倒频谱预滤波方法
Pub Date : 2013-09-09 DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.43435
Ryudo Nagase, K. Oishi, T. Furukawa
A time-quefrency dereverberation method for reducing the minimum-phase component (MPC) of the room impulse response (RIR) is presented. This paper shows that the vocaltract and glottal components and the MPC of the RIR can be eliminated from observed signals convolving the unknown RIR with an unknown voiced speech signal. The liftered sequence is applied to direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimator with the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) procedure. Computer simulations demonstrate the superiority of the our cepstral prefiltering approach.
提出了一种降低房间脉冲响应最小相位分量(MPC)的时频去噪方法。本文表明,通过将未知的RIR与未知的语音信号进行卷积,可以从观察到的信号中消除声道和声门分量以及RIR的MPC。用多信号分类(MUSIC)方法将提升后的序列应用于到达方向估计器。计算机仿真证明了倒谱预滤波方法的优越性。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
21st European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2013)
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