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Machiavellian Traces in Classical Elite Theorists 古典精英理论家的马基雅维利主义痕迹
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1148564
Muhammed Akif Yalçin
Bu çalışmanın amacı Siyaset sosyolojisi disiplini içerisinde ele alınan elit teorileri ve seçkinci yaklaşımların klasik temsilcileri olan Pareto, Mosca ve Michels’in yaklaşımlarına İtalyan düşünür Machiavelli’nin etkisini incelemektir. Siyasal açıdan yönetim biçimlerini şekillendiren, çoğunluk-azınlık ilişkileri, güçlü ve etkili olanın yönetimde sahip olduğu pay, iktidarın toplumsal kabulünü sağlayan nedenler ve bu nedenlerin meşrulaştırılması elit teorilerinin kapsamına girmektedir. Elit teorisyenlerinin üzerinde durduğu bazı kavramlar Machiavelli’nin öğretilerinde ileri sürdüğü temel kavramlarla ilişkilidir. Bu kavramlar ve kullanıldığı bağlamlar güçlü olmaya, kurnaz olmaya ve sahip olunan statünün korunmasına vb. ilişkindir. Makyavelist tutum ve yöntemlerin elit teorilerinin oluşumundaki etkilerinin incelenmesinin, klasik elit yaklaşımlarının farklı bir perspektiften irdelenmesine imkân vereceği düşünülmektedir. Sosyolojik bir kavram olarak irdelenen “eşitsizlik” ve buna bağlı olarak temellenen “tabakalaşma” kavramının siyasal alandaki izdüşümünün elit teorilerinin yardımıyla incelenmesi hem sosyoloji hem de siyasal bilimler açısından önemlidir. Zira seçkin-elit yaklaşımların arka planındaki Makyavelist felsefe siyasal tabakalaşmanın sistematiğini ana hatlarını aydınlatmaktadır. Bu çalışmada birincil ve ikincil kaynakların incelendiği ve düşünürlerin görüşlerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulduğu bir yöntem benimsenmiştir. Dolayısıyla öncelikle Machiavelli’nin eserlerinde ileri sürdüğü görüşlerinden hareket edilerek teorik arka plana dair bilgi verilmiştir. Ardından yukarıda isimleri geçen düşünürlerin elit teorilerine yaptıkları katkıları karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır.
本研究旨在探讨意大利思想家马基雅维利对政治社会学学科中精英理论和精英主义方法的经典代表帕累托、莫斯卡和米歇尔斯的方法的影响。多数人与少数人的关系、有权有势者在治理中的份额、社会接受权力的原因以及这些原因的合法化都属于精英理论的范畴。精英理论家强调的一些概念与马基雅维利在其学说中提出的基本概念有关。这些概念及其使用背景与强大、狡猾和维护自身地位等有关。人们认为,研究马基雅维利的态度和方法对精英理论形成的影响,可以从不同的角度审视经典的精英方法。借助精英理论研究社会学中的 "不平等 "和 "分层 "概念在政治领域的投射,对于社会学和政治学都很重要。这是因为精英--精英方法背后的马基雅维里哲学揭示了政治分层的系统轮廓。本研究采用的方法是分析第一手资料和第二手资料,并比较介绍思想家的观点。因此,首先从马基雅维利在其著作中提出的观点入手,介绍理论背景。然后,比较讨论上述思想家对精英理论的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
“Don’t Forget Me My Brothers in Turkey”: Yeniden Doğmak Series and Politics of Affect “别忘了我,我在土耳其的兄弟们”:叶尼登Doğmak系列和政治的影响
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1152589
Seckin Sevim, Bilgen AYDIN SEVİM
Bulgaria brought its assimilation policies against the Turkish minority up to an extreme level in the winter of 1984-1985. Weightlifter Naim Süleymanoğlu's asylum in Turkey in 1986 further strained the relations between Bulgaria and Turkey. The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) began broadcasting the TV series Yeniden Doğmak in 1987, which is about Bulgaria's assimilation policies. Bringing to the fore the story of a broken family who immigrated to Turkey by leaving their daughters behind, the series stimulated the nationalist feelings among the Turkish people, which caused a diplomatic crisis between the two countries. As a result of the negotiations with Bulgaria, the series was cancelled in exchange for the release of Aysel Özgür, who is an inspiration to the story. The emotional atmosphere created through the TV series Yeniden Doğmak enabled the assimilation policies of Bulgaria against the Turkish minority to be discussed on both national and international scale. This project realized by using the power of television and drama is actually a political activity that manipulates the emotions of the masses. The Prime Minister of the time, Turgut Özal tried to maintain his power with the politics of affect throughout his political career just like his contemporaries Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher. The aim of this study is to examine Özal's policy of affect regarding the Turkish minority in Bulgaria in the axis of the TV series Yeniden Doğmak. In the study carried out from a qualitative perspective, the narrative analysis of the series was realized. In this framework; the arguments of Brian Massumi, who emphasized the affective media power and the fact that affect plays a much more important role than ideology, are the starting point of view.
保加利亚对土耳其少数民族的同化政策在1984-1985年冬季达到了极端的程度。1986年,举重运动员纳伊姆Süleymanoğlu在土耳其的庇护进一步加剧了保加利亚和土耳其之间的紧张关系。土耳其广播电视公司(TRT)于1987年开始播放关于保加利亚同化政策的电视剧《Yeniden Doğmak》。这部电视剧讲述了一个破碎的家庭离开女儿移民到土耳其的故事,激发了土耳其人民的民族主义情绪,引发了两国之间的外交危机。在与保加利亚的谈判中,该系列被取消,以换取故事灵感来源Aysel Özgür的释放。通过电视剧《Yeniden Doğmak》所营造的情感氛围,使保加利亚对土耳其少数民族的同化政策在国内和国际范围内得到讨论。这个利用电视和戏剧的力量实现的项目实际上是一种操纵群众情绪的政治活动。当时的首相,图尔古特Özal在他的政治生涯中试图通过政治影响来维持他的权力,就像他同时代的罗纳德·里根和玛格丽特·撒切尔一样。本研究的目的是研究Özal在电视连续剧《叶尼登Doğmak》的轴线上对保加利亚土耳其少数民族的影响政策。在定性视角的研究中,实现了对该系列的叙事分析。在这个框架下;Brian Massumi强调情感媒介权力的观点以及情感比意识形态发挥更重要作用的事实是出发点。
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引用次数: 0
Semiotic Analysis of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 忍者神龟的符号学分析
Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1146850
Aysel Ay
Everything is a sign. We can consider the words we use, the texts we write, the movies or TV series we watch, photos or any content used in social media as a 'sign'. These signs are constantly telling us something as a representation. When considered from this point of view, it is inevitable that cartoons prepared for children will also be an sign. Based on this, it has been thought that the cartoon called 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles', which has been broadcast all over the world for more than thirty years, both on television and in cinemas without losing its currency, may also be signs. For this reason, the aim of the study is to analyze the narrative of the cartoons and animations called 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' through the representations in this narrative, the characters and their names in the cartoons and animations, the weapons used by the characters, the food they eat, their clothes, the colors and places they use. In addition, what the subject discussed in Mutant Ninja Turtles in general represents was analyzed through the relevant characters. In the study, it has been seen that each sign examined semiotically is produced with a certain cultural meaning. The cultural heritage from the Renaissance to the present reflects the culture of a particular society. Therefore, the culture spread by mass media can influence different cultures from itself.
一切都是征兆。我们可以把我们使用的词语、我们写的文本、我们看的电影或电视剧、照片或社交媒体上使用的任何内容视为“标志”。这些符号作为一种表征不断地告诉我们一些东西。从这个角度来看,为儿童准备的卡通片也不可避免地会成为一种标志。基于此,有人认为《忍者神龟》这部在世界各地播放了三十多年的动画片也可能是一种迹象,无论是在电视上还是在电影院,它都没有失去它的影响力。出于这个原因,本研究的目的是分析《忍者神龟》漫画和动画的叙事,通过这种叙事的表现,漫画和动画中的角色和他们的名字,角色使用的武器,他们吃的食物,他们的衣服,他们使用的颜色和地方。此外,通过相关角色分析了《忍者神龟》中所讨论的主题的总体代表。研究发现,符号学研究的每一个符号都具有一定的文化意义。从文艺复兴到现在的文化遗产反映了一个特定社会的文化。因此,通过大众传媒传播的文化可以从自身影响不同的文化。
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引用次数: 0
The Process of Managing the Navigation of Danube 管理多瑙河航行的过程
Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1136146
Mehmet Vurgun
Begining from the Paleolithic Period cultures, the Danube has hosted a society and a state. The Danube river, which is the source of life for the states living in the Danube basin, has become more strategic with the growth and spread of the states and has become the key to existence in these lands. The Danube, which was used only for drinking water and agricultural irrigation in the Middle Ages, has become the main tool of trade in time. It has been replaced by modern boats, starting with the transportation made by backing up from the shore with horse-drawn carriages over the Danube. The process of sharing dominance in the waterway has been the main target in the management of the Danube. It is possible to evaluate the process of managing the navigation in the Danube in four periods. The first period is the period of bilateral agreements between 1792 and before; the second term, the commission period, which started with the Paris Peace Conference of 1856 and continued between the 1920s and the First World War, which was planned for a short time but whose mandate was extended several times; the third period, efforts to internationalize the Danube from 1920 to the Second World War; the fourth period is the internationalization process of the Danube. However, there is no legal document in which the Danube states, which have agreed for the management of navigation for centuries, have made an agreement on the prevention, control and disposal of ship-borne pollution.
从旧石器时代的文化开始,多瑙河就承载了一个社会和一个国家。多瑙河是生活在多瑙河流域的国家的生命之源,随着国家的成长和扩张,多瑙河变得更加具有战略意义,成为这些土地上生存的关键。多瑙河在中世纪仅用于饮用水和农业灌溉,在时间上已成为贸易的主要工具。它已经被现代的船只所取代,从多瑙河上用马车从岸边后备的运输开始。在多瑙河流域共享统治权的过程一直是多瑙河管理的主要目标。可以将管理多瑙河航行的过程分为四个阶段。第一个时期是从1792年到之前的双边协议时期;第二个任期,委员会时期,从1856年巴黎和会开始,从20世纪20年代一直持续到第一次世界大战,计划的时间很短,但其任期多次延长;第三个时期,从1920年到第二次世界大战,多瑙河国际化的努力;第四个时期是多瑙河的国际化进程。然而,几个世纪以来,多瑙河各国就航运管理达成了一致意见,但在法律文件中却没有就船舶污染的预防、控制和处置达成协议。
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引用次数: 0
Personality and Politics: Nehcü’s-Sülûk fî Siyaseti’l-Mülûk as an Example of Leader Centrality in Islamic Political Thought 个性与政治:Nehcü ' s- s<s:1> l<e:1> k fî Siyaseti ' l- m<s:1> l<e:1> k是伊斯兰政治思想中领袖中心性的一个例子
Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1135245
Selin Şahi̇n, Enes Şahin
One of the levels of analysis used in Political Science studies is the individual. Analyzes at the individual level are carried out based on the personality of the political decision-makers, and in this direction, the individual characteristics of the decision-makers are the main factor taken into account in interpreting the quality of politics. This is also valid in the political books that constitute the main source of Islamic political thought. There is a leader-centered political narrative in the policy books written for state administrators. In these works, the issues of which personal characteristics a leader should have and which behaviors should be avoided are especially discussed. A vision is built around these personal characteristics, from the ideal leader to the ideal politics. In this context, the ruler who is the chief executive of politics is not only an actor to whom advice is given but also the main element in politics. Therefore, examining the emphasis on the personal characteristics of the ruler in Islamic political thought becomes important in interpreting the leader-centered political narrative. In this context, in this study, it is aimed to examine the leader-centered political conception in Islamic political thought within the framework of Ebü’n-Necîb Şeyzerî’s Nehcü’s-Sülûk fî Siyaseti’l-Mülûk. The method of discourse analysis was used in the study and it was concluded that the personality of the leader, who is accepted as the founding element of the state and politics in Islamic political thought, directs politics and that the way to reach the ideal politics is to build the ideal leader.
政治学研究中使用的分析层次之一是个体。个人层面的分析是基于政治决策者的个性进行的,在这个方向上,决策者的个人特征是解释政治质量的主要考虑因素。这在构成伊斯兰政治思想主要来源的政治书籍中也是有效的。在为国家行政人员撰写的政策书籍中,有一种以领导人为中心的政治叙事。在这些作品中,特别讨论了领导者应该具有哪些个人特征以及应该避免哪些行为。从理想的领导者到理想的政治,愿景都是围绕这些个人特征建立起来的。在这种背景下,作为政治首席执行者的统治者不仅是一个向其提供建议的行动者,而且是政治中的主要因素。因此,审视伊斯兰政治思想中对统治者个人特征的强调,对于解释以领袖为中心的政治叙事变得非常重要。在此背景下,本研究的目的是在Ebü ' n- nec b Şeyzerî ' s Nehcü ' s- sls k fî Siyaseti ' l- m l k的框架内考察伊斯兰政治思想中以领袖为中心的政治概念。本文运用话语分析的方法,认为伊斯兰政治思想中被认为是国家和政治的奠基要素的领袖人格是政治的指导因素,实现理想政治的途径是塑造理想的领袖。
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引用次数: 0
Muslim Community of North Cameroon, Education and Social Divide: Historical Perspective, 19th-20th Centuries 北喀麦隆的穆斯林社区,教育与社会分化:历史视角,19 -20世纪
Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1060519
Abdoul Aziz Ahmadou
This modest contribution aims to study some of the challenges facing Muslims living in North Cameroon. We started from the simple observation that in the current configuration of administrative services and the management of public affairs, there is a low representativeness of Muslim citizens of North Cameroon. Through the history and the sociological and participatory observation for several years, we understand that the colonial impact and ultra-conservatist ideas within the community itself associated with socio-political factors have accentuated the gap in socio-political integration between the Muslim North and the Christian South of Cameroon. It emerges that mainly the advent of the Western (European) school had an impact both on the socio-religious level and on the level of the configuration of the leadership within the Muslim community of North Cameroon. The novelty and originality of this study explains its historiographical contribution to Islamic history in North Cameroon and African studies in Turkey on the one hand, its socio-political contribution which will allow Muslim leaders and the State to better dialogue for the development of the situation of Muslims in a minority context vis-à-vis the Christianity present in Cameroon on the other hand.
这项微薄的捐款旨在研究生活在北喀麦隆的穆斯林面临的一些挑战。我们从一个简单的观察开始,即在目前的行政服务和公共事务管理配置中,北喀麦隆穆斯林公民的代表性很低。通过多年的历史、社会学和参与性观察,我们了解到,殖民影响和社区内部与社会政治因素相关的极端保守主义思想,加剧了喀麦隆北部穆斯林和南部基督教之间的社会政治融合差距。西方(欧洲)学校的出现主要对北喀麦隆穆斯林社区的社会宗教层面和领导配置层面产生了影响。这项研究的新颖性和原创性一方面解释了它对北喀麦隆伊斯兰历史和土耳其非洲研究的史学贡献,另一方面解释了它的社会政治贡献,它将使穆斯林领导人和国家能够更好地对话,以发展穆斯林在少数民族背景下的处境,例如-à-vis喀麦隆的基督教。
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引用次数: 0
Seyyid Ahmed er-Rifâî’nin Âsitâne ve Türbesinin Tarihçesi
Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1034965
A. Uzunlar
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引用次数: 0
Büyük Savaş Öncesi Isınan Sular: Birinci Dünya Savaşı Öncesi Donanma Yarışının Büyük Güç Rekabetine Etkileri
Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1021798
Melih Yildiz
{"title":"Büyük Savaş Öncesi Isınan Sular: Birinci Dünya Savaşı Öncesi Donanma Yarışının Büyük Güç Rekabetine Etkileri","authors":"Melih Yildiz","doi":"10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1021798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1021798","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":401248,"journal":{"name":"Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi (AID)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133462266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Taşköprülüzâde’nin Nefsü’l-Emr Görüşü İle Popper’ın Üçüncü Dünya Görüşünün Karşılaştırılması
Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1050075
Hüseyin Âdem Tülüce
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引用次数: 0
An Inquiry On The Changing Face Of Organizational Culture In The Days Of The Pandemic 大流行时期组织文化面貌的变化探究
Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.17550/akademikincelemeler.1059383
H. Tutar, Nuran ÖZTÜRK BAŞPINAR, Selçuk Nam
Örgüt kültürü, örgüt çalışanlarının düşünce, tutum ve davranışlarını analiz ederek örgütteki insan davranışlarını anlamaya çalışır. Örgüt kültürü araştırmalarının temel amacı, örgütsel işleyiş ve davranışı daha iyi anlamaktır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, bir devlet üniversitesinde görev yapan öǧretim üyelerinin pandemi sürecinde örgüt kültüründe yaşanan deǧişimlere ilişkin deneyimlerini incelemektir. Araştırma, yöntemi açısından nitel bir araştırma olup, araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, üniversitelerin farklı birimlerinde görev yapan 16 akademisyen ve idari personelden oluşan bir çalışma grubu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak gözlem ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler, gözlem aktarımı ve nitel içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Analiz bulgularına göre, katılımcıların pandemi sürecinde örgütsel etnografyadaki deǧişime ilişkin görüşleri, bu sürecin örgütsel tutum ve davranışlarda önemli bir deǧişim ortaya çıkardıǧına işaret etmektedir. Analiz bulguları, pandemi gibi travmatik bir deǧişimin örgütsel alanda çeşitli belirsizliklere ve dirençlere neden olduǧunu ortaya koymaktadır. Salgının neden olduǧu iş tatminsizliǧi ve motivasyon kaybını ortadan kaldırmak için bu sürecin koşullarına uygun esnek bir örgüt kültürü inşa etmede örgütsel desteǧin şart olduǧu anlaşılmaktadır.Alternate :Organizational culture tries to understand human behavior by analyzing thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors. The main purpose of research on organizational culture is to understand organizational functioning and organizational behavior better. The main purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of faculty members working at a state university regarding the changes in organizational culture during the pandemic process. It is qualitative research in terms of research method, and the case study design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the research. The research was carried out with a study group of 16 academics and administrative staff working in different units of universities. Observation and semi-structured interview techniques were used as data collection tools in the research. The collected data were analyzed with the transfer of observations and qualitative content analysis. According to the analysis findings, the participants' opinions on the change in organizational ethnography during the pandemic process indicate a significant change in this process's organizational attitudes and behaviors. Analysis findings reveal that a traumatic change such as a pandemic causes various uncertainties and resistances in the organizational field. It is understood that organizational support is essential for constructing a flexible organizational culture suitable for the conditions of this process to eliminate job dissatisfaction and loss of motivation caused by the pandemic.
组织文化旨在通过分析组织员工的思想、态度和行为来了解组织中的人类行为。组织文化研究的主要目的是更好地了解组织的运作和行为。本研究的主要目的是考察在一所州立大学工作的教职员工对大流行病过程中组织文化变化的体验。本研究在方法上属于定性研究,采用了定性研究设计之一的案例研究设计。研究小组由 16 名在大学不同单位工作的院士和行政人员组成。研究采用了观察和半结构化访谈技术作为数据收集工具。通过观察记录和定性内容分析对收集到的数据进行了分析。根据分析结果,参与者对大流行病过程中组织人种学变化的看法表明,这一过程给组织的态度和行为带来了重大变化。分析结果表明,像大流行病这样的创伤性变化会在组织领域引起各种不确定性和抵触情绪。为了消除大流行病造成的工作不满和动力丧失,组织支持对建立适合这一过程条件的灵活的组织文化至关重要。研究组织文化的主要目的是更好地理解组织运作和组织行为。本研究的主要目的是考察在一所州立大学工作的教师对大流行病过程中组织文化变化的体验。在研究方法上,本研究属于定性研究,采用了定性研究设计之一的案例研究设计。研究对象是在大学不同单位工作的 16 名学者和行政人员。研究采用了观察法和半结构化访谈法作为数据收集工具。通过观察和定性内容分析,对收集到的数据进行了分析。根据分析结果,参与者对大流行病过程中组织人种学变化的看法表明,这一过程中的组织态度和行为发生了重大变化。分析结果显示,像大流行病这样的创伤性变化会在组织领域引起各种不确定性和抵触情绪。据了解,组织支持对于构建适合这一过程条件的灵活的组织文化,消除大流行病造成的工作不满和动力丧失至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
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Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi (AID)
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