Diabetes mellitus has become a serious concern as it is a major public health issue. Due to the complications like diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiovascular complication, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic heapatopathy it has high despondence and lethality. Depending on the health conditions of diabetic patients the present study shows the effects of probiotic complements. This review summarizes that by restraining intestinal microbiota along with decreasing the inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress probiotics can increase insulin sensitivity and reduces autoimmune reactions. Recent evidences show that probiotics affects the host through restraining intestinal permeability and mucosal immune response, employing eating behaviors by appetite-regulating hormones and controlling endocannabinoid (eCB) system that is correlated with inflammation and diabetes. It is hypothesized experimentally and clinically that restraining the microbiota by probiotics could be impressive in anticipation and execution of diabetes. Literature ascertained that the complementation of probiotics can avert and boost the T1DM, T2DM and gestational DM. In culmination probiotics have a lot of favorable effects in health and disease reducing superficial annoyance, regulating the immune system and improving the body antioxidant defense.
{"title":"Role of Probiotics in Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Yadav Ar","doi":"10.23880/jidtm-16000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000154","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus has become a serious concern as it is a major public health issue. Due to the complications like diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiovascular complication, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic heapatopathy it has high despondence and lethality. Depending on the health conditions of diabetic patients the present study shows the effects of probiotic complements. This review summarizes that by restraining intestinal microbiota along with decreasing the inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress probiotics can increase insulin sensitivity and reduces autoimmune reactions. Recent evidences show that probiotics affects the host through restraining intestinal permeability and mucosal immune response, employing eating behaviors by appetite-regulating hormones and controlling endocannabinoid (eCB) system that is correlated with inflammation and diabetes. It is hypothesized experimentally and clinically that restraining the microbiota by probiotics could be impressive in anticipation and execution of diabetes. Literature ascertained that the complementation of probiotics can avert and boost the T1DM, T2DM and gestational DM. In culmination probiotics have a lot of favorable effects in health and disease reducing superficial annoyance, regulating the immune system and improving the body antioxidant defense.","PeriodicalId":402204,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121494392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the antioxidants and anti-inflammatory potential of the Biofield Energy Treated/ Blessed Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se to the animals on Cecal Slurry, LPS, and E. coli - induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) model in Sprague Dawley rats. The parameters like in brain (MMP- 9, FDP, Substance P, iNOS) and in heart (FDP, substance P, iNOS) were analysed using ELISA assay. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin E, cyanocobalamin, and cholecalciferol), cannabidiol (CBD) isolate, Panax ginseng extract, and β-carotene. The constituents of the test formulation were divided into two parts; one section was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion of the test formulation and three group of animals received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The level of MMP-9 in brain was significantly ( p ≤0.001) reduced by 48.63%, 36.81%, 40.84%, and 60.03% in the G6 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals from day -15); G7 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15); G8 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se plus the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15), and G9 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se animals plus the untreated test formulation) groups, respectively as compared to the untreated test formulation (G4) group. The level of FDP in brain was significantly reduced by 43.10% ( p ≤0.001), 33.40%, 35.46%, and 62.11% ( p ≤0.001) in the G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G4 group. The level of substance P was significantly decreased in brain by 18.42% ( p ≤0.001), 53.79% ( p ≤0.001), 16.65%, 14.64%, and 28.43% ( p ≤0.001) in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G4 group. The iNOS level in brain was significantly decreased by 35.92% ( p ≤0.001), 32.80%, 47.20% ( p ≤0.001), and 66.43% ( p ≤0.001) in the G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G4 group. Besides, FDP in heart tissue was significantly decreased by 15.66%, 17.41% ( p ≤0.05), 11.85%, and 13.02% in the G5, G6, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G4 group. The levels of heart substance P and iNOS were altered. Overall, the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se along with preventive maintenance groups showed an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. Therefore, the results showed the significant slowdown the inflammation- related disease progression and its complications/symptoms in the preventive groups ( viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9) that might be beneficial various types of systemic inf
{"title":"Neuroprotective (iNOS), fibrinolytic (FDP) Markers Analysis of Biofield Treated Proprietary Test Formulation on Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Model in Sprague Dawley Rats","authors":"S. J","doi":"10.23880/jidtm-16000152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000152","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the antioxidants and anti-inflammatory potential of the Biofield Energy Treated/ Blessed Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se to the animals on Cecal Slurry, LPS, and E. coli - induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) model in Sprague Dawley rats. The parameters like in brain (MMP- 9, FDP, Substance P, iNOS) and in heart (FDP, substance P, iNOS) were analysed using ELISA assay. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin E, cyanocobalamin, and cholecalciferol), cannabidiol (CBD) isolate, Panax ginseng extract, and β-carotene. The constituents of the test formulation were divided into two parts; one section was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion of the test formulation and three group of animals received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The level of MMP-9 in brain was significantly ( p ≤0.001) reduced by 48.63%, 36.81%, 40.84%, and 60.03% in the G6 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals from day -15); G7 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15); G8 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se plus the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15), and G9 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se animals plus the untreated test formulation) groups, respectively as compared to the untreated test formulation (G4) group. The level of FDP in brain was significantly reduced by 43.10% ( p ≤0.001), 33.40%, 35.46%, and 62.11% ( p ≤0.001) in the G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G4 group. The level of substance P was significantly decreased in brain by 18.42% ( p ≤0.001), 53.79% ( p ≤0.001), 16.65%, 14.64%, and 28.43% ( p ≤0.001) in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G4 group. The iNOS level in brain was significantly decreased by 35.92% ( p ≤0.001), 32.80%, 47.20% ( p ≤0.001), and 66.43% ( p ≤0.001) in the G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G4 group. Besides, FDP in heart tissue was significantly decreased by 15.66%, 17.41% ( p ≤0.05), 11.85%, and 13.02% in the G5, G6, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G4 group. The levels of heart substance P and iNOS were altered. Overall, the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se along with preventive maintenance groups showed an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. Therefore, the results showed the significant slowdown the inflammation- related disease progression and its complications/symptoms in the preventive groups ( viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9) that might be beneficial various types of systemic inf","PeriodicalId":402204,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine","volume":"49 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132193942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial inflammatory diseases have continued to be a major threat to public health. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of Bio-Clean II on serum levels of some selected cytokines in rats exposed to purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 36 male Wistar rats weighing 150g±50g (mean±SD) were purchased and randomly assigned to six (6) groups of 6 rats each. Group 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 were induced with a single dose of 5mg/Kg of purified LPS® (E.coli 0127:B8, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA), administered through intraperitoneal route using 1ml sterile needle and syringe, except for group 4 which served as the zero control (given water and feed only throughout the experiment). Group 1 served as the inflammation control. Group 2 which served as the positive control received 50 mg diclofenac/kg [bid] and 500 mg ciprofloxacin/kg [bid] (positive control) in place of the Bio-Clean. Group 3 which served as the negative control received sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS). While rats in group 5 and group 6 were treated orally with the herbal remedy “Bio-Clean II” for 7 days and 14 days, respectively. After which, the rats were sacrificed and a cardiac blood specimen was taken from each rat by terminal bleeding from the heart. The serum levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ), and Tissue Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) were determined using ELISA technique. The outcome of this investigation shows that treatment with the Bio-Clean II resulted in a significant decrease (p=0.000*) in the serum level of IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α, but a significant (p=0.000*) increase in the serum level of IL-10 (in a duration-dependent manner) in rats exposed to LPS when compared to the inflammation control group. The outcome of this study suggests that Bio-Clean could find some use in the future for the alleviation of bacterial inflammatory diseases through modulations of host inflammatory responses to pathogens.
{"title":"Immunomodulatory Effects of Bio-Clean II on Some Inflammatory Cytokines in Rats Exposed to Purified Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide","authors":"Enitan Ss","doi":"10.23880/jidtm-16000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000162","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial inflammatory diseases have continued to be a major threat to public health. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of Bio-Clean II on serum levels of some selected cytokines in rats exposed to purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 36 male Wistar rats weighing 150g±50g (mean±SD) were purchased and randomly assigned to six (6) groups of 6 rats each. Group 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 were induced with a single dose of 5mg/Kg of purified LPS® (E.coli 0127:B8, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA), administered through intraperitoneal route using 1ml sterile needle and syringe, except for group 4 which served as the zero control (given water and feed only throughout the experiment). Group 1 served as the inflammation control. Group 2 which served as the positive control received 50 mg diclofenac/kg [bid] and 500 mg ciprofloxacin/kg [bid] (positive control) in place of the Bio-Clean. Group 3 which served as the negative control received sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS). While rats in group 5 and group 6 were treated orally with the herbal remedy “Bio-Clean II” for 7 days and 14 days, respectively. After which, the rats were sacrificed and a cardiac blood specimen was taken from each rat by terminal bleeding from the heart. The serum levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ), and Tissue Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) were determined using ELISA technique. The outcome of this investigation shows that treatment with the Bio-Clean II resulted in a significant decrease (p=0.000*) in the serum level of IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α, but a significant (p=0.000*) increase in the serum level of IL-10 (in a duration-dependent manner) in rats exposed to LPS when compared to the inflammation control group. The outcome of this study suggests that Bio-Clean could find some use in the future for the alleviation of bacterial inflammatory diseases through modulations of host inflammatory responses to pathogens.","PeriodicalId":402204,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine","volume":"401 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122784831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Regional information on the characteristics of patients with mild and moderate intensity SARS-CoV-2 “COVID-19” coronavirus disease is needed to better understand the pandemic Objective: The objective of this study was to report the epidemiological clinical characteristics of outpatients with mild to moderate intensity COVID-19 that was carried out by Telemedicine in a first contact clinic, specializing in infectious diseases, in the South from Mexico City from March 10, 2020 to January 31, 2021. Material and Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, observational, single-center study of a series of patients with clinical data of upper and lower respiratory tract infection and a positive CRP for SARS-CoV-2, who requested telemedicine consultation from a first contact clinic with a specialty in infectious diseases, attended from March 10, 2020 to January 31, 2021, The information was analyzed in a statistical package using SPSS 23.0. Results: 66patients who met the established criteria for diagnosis were attended to. In January 2021, the highest number of patients was treated; they requested medical attention, 6.5 days (range from 1 to 12 days) after having started with the disease. The median age was 48 years (range 10 to 80 ) years), 53% were female, 26% had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 23% with arterial hypertension, 7% previous pulmonary disease, 4% suffered from hypothyroidism, 24% positive smoking, 21% positive alcoholism, 39% had obesity , 17% were allergic. The clinical characteristics, the most prevalent was cough in 76%, followed by headache in 73% and myalgia in 71%. Conclusions: Patients with comorbidities, whether they are men or women in the fifth decade of life, are important for the evolution, especially when they are carriers of immunosenescence in the cases of those older than 60 years, or the immune system is immunocompromised as it is the case of patients with DM2 and even more so when they have more than one comorbidity that persists, they have a pro- inflammatory state and attenuation of the innate immune response.
{"title":"Clinical-Epidemiological Characteristics in Outpatients with Mild to Moderate Covid-19, in the South of Mexico City","authors":"M. Sandoval","doi":"10.23880/jidtm-16000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000156","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Regional information on the characteristics of patients with mild and moderate intensity SARS-CoV-2 “COVID-19” coronavirus disease is needed to better understand the pandemic Objective: The objective of this study was to report the epidemiological clinical characteristics of outpatients with mild to moderate intensity COVID-19 that was carried out by Telemedicine in a first contact clinic, specializing in infectious diseases, in the South from Mexico City from March 10, 2020 to January 31, 2021. Material and Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, observational, single-center study of a series of patients with clinical data of upper and lower respiratory tract infection and a positive CRP for SARS-CoV-2, who requested telemedicine consultation from a first contact clinic with a specialty in infectious diseases, attended from March 10, 2020 to January 31, 2021, The information was analyzed in a statistical package using SPSS 23.0. Results: 66patients who met the established criteria for diagnosis were attended to. In January 2021, the highest number of patients was treated; they requested medical attention, 6.5 days (range from 1 to 12 days) after having started with the disease. The median age was 48 years (range 10 to 80 ) years), 53% were female, 26% had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 23% with arterial hypertension, 7% previous pulmonary disease, 4% suffered from hypothyroidism, 24% positive smoking, 21% positive alcoholism, 39% had obesity , 17% were allergic. The clinical characteristics, the most prevalent was cough in 76%, followed by headache in 73% and myalgia in 71%. Conclusions: Patients with comorbidities, whether they are men or women in the fifth decade of life, are important for the evolution, especially when they are carriers of immunosenescence in the cases of those older than 60 years, or the immune system is immunocompromised as it is the case of patients with DM2 and even more so when they have more than one comorbidity that persists, they have a pro- inflammatory state and attenuation of the innate immune response.","PeriodicalId":402204,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125521674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The use of intradomicile residual insecticide on a large scale is a proven and efficacious intervention against malaria mosquito vectors. The objective of the study was determined the bio-efficacy and resistance of fenitrothion insecticide against the mosquito An. (Nyssorhynchus.) albimanus Wiedemann . Methods: This study included seven communities located in different endemic regions where fenitrothion is used to control An. (Nys.) albimanus populations. The test of bio-efficacy and susceptibility were conducted following the WHO standard bioassay methodology. Results: The average percent mortality of An. (Nys.) albimanus exposed to fenitrothion in the seven communities tested were 96% and 92% for the first two months. This bio-efficacy was maintained until the fifth month with 81% mortality in communities with high IRS coverage. Anopheles (Nys.) albimanus was susceptible to the organophosphate insecticides fenitrothion and malathion, as well as to carbamate propoxur but resistant to pirimiphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that fenitrothion maintains an elevated insecticide residuality and toxic effect on different types of surfaces until the fifth month post-application. Furthermore, An. (Nys.) albimanus remains highly susceptible to this insecticide, providing a high degree of protection against mosquito bites inside households, and interrupting malaria transmission in places with high IRS coverage and where the mosquito is still susceptible to fenitrothion application.
{"title":"Fenitrothion Bio-Efficacy on Different Intradomicile Surface Types Against Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) Albimanus in the Main Malaria Endemic Regions of Panama","authors":"Cáceres Cl","doi":"10.23880/jidtm-16000153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000153","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of intradomicile residual insecticide on a large scale is a proven and efficacious intervention against malaria mosquito vectors. The objective of the study was determined the bio-efficacy and resistance of fenitrothion insecticide against the mosquito An. (Nyssorhynchus.) albimanus Wiedemann . Methods: This study included seven communities located in different endemic regions where fenitrothion is used to control An. (Nys.) albimanus populations. The test of bio-efficacy and susceptibility were conducted following the WHO standard bioassay methodology. Results: The average percent mortality of An. (Nys.) albimanus exposed to fenitrothion in the seven communities tested were 96% and 92% for the first two months. This bio-efficacy was maintained until the fifth month with 81% mortality in communities with high IRS coverage. Anopheles (Nys.) albimanus was susceptible to the organophosphate insecticides fenitrothion and malathion, as well as to carbamate propoxur but resistant to pirimiphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that fenitrothion maintains an elevated insecticide residuality and toxic effect on different types of surfaces until the fifth month post-application. Furthermore, An. (Nys.) albimanus remains highly susceptible to this insecticide, providing a high degree of protection against mosquito bites inside households, and interrupting malaria transmission in places with high IRS coverage and where the mosquito is still susceptible to fenitrothion application.","PeriodicalId":402204,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129316779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Little work has been done on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) in pregnant women particularly among African women. Further knowledge is needed to address this gap. During this COVID-19 epidemic, we found and report five (5) confirmed cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and evolution of COVID-19 among pregnant women that were admitted and treated in hospitals in Ouagadougou. Methodology: This is a case study carried out on COVID-19 care sites in the city of Ouagadougou. All pregnant women admitted between March 9th and June 30th with a positive reverse transcriptase polymerase reaction (RT-PCR) test for SARS- Cov-2 were included in our study population. Results: Five cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy were identified and the mean age of the patients was 27.2 years ± 4.9. The mean gestational age was 20 weeks amenorrhea (WA). Clinically, three (3) patients developed fever, two (2) patients had myalgia, dysphonia, one (1) patient cough, anorexia, asthenia, anosmia and ageusia. Three patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine in combination with azithromycin. The materno-fetal prognosis was good with three virological cures. In one case, there was a persistence of virology and in another case the patient refused the follow-up. Conclusion: The maternofoetal prognosis of women with COVID-19 is good apart from the occurrence of respiratory signs. While there is no reliable evidence to support the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 infection from mother to baby, the infection and inflammation that occurred in response to the viral infection could affect the development of the fetus hence an interest in monitoring the growth of babies.
{"title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) During Pregnancy among African Women: Characteristics of Pregnant Woman at the Start of Pandemic in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","authors":"Sondo K Apolin","doi":"10.23880/jidtm-16000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000158","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Little work has been done on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) in pregnant women particularly among African women. Further knowledge is needed to address this gap. During this COVID-19 epidemic, we found and report five (5) confirmed cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and evolution of COVID-19 among pregnant women that were admitted and treated in hospitals in Ouagadougou. Methodology: This is a case study carried out on COVID-19 care sites in the city of Ouagadougou. All pregnant women admitted between March 9th and June 30th with a positive reverse transcriptase polymerase reaction (RT-PCR) test for SARS- Cov-2 were included in our study population. Results: Five cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy were identified and the mean age of the patients was 27.2 years ± 4.9. The mean gestational age was 20 weeks amenorrhea (WA). Clinically, three (3) patients developed fever, two (2) patients had myalgia, dysphonia, one (1) patient cough, anorexia, asthenia, anosmia and ageusia. Three patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine in combination with azithromycin. The materno-fetal prognosis was good with three virological cures. In one case, there was a persistence of virology and in another case the patient refused the follow-up. Conclusion: The maternofoetal prognosis of women with COVID-19 is good apart from the occurrence of respiratory signs. While there is no reliable evidence to support the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 infection from mother to baby, the infection and inflammation that occurred in response to the viral infection could affect the development of the fetus hence an interest in monitoring the growth of babies.","PeriodicalId":402204,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131097121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the emergence of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with the consequent development of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in the 1980s, the identification of the infection has been a milestone for science and is considered a public health problem. Currently, about 38 million people live with HIV/AIDS in the world, of which 920,000 of these people are in Brazil, in the micro-region of Varginha (Varginha, Três Corações, Três Pontas, Campos Gerais, Boa Esperança, Elói Mendes , Campanha, Guapé, Ilicínea, Carmo da Cachoeira, Campo do Meio, Coqueiral, Monsenhor Paulo, Santana da Vargem, São Thomé das Letras and São Bento Abade), with an estimated population of 478 thousand inhabitants, between 2010 and 2020, 510 people were diagnosed with HIV and 533 people living with AIDS. In this way, the present article aimed to carry out a survey of epidemiological data on HIV/AIDS in the last 10 years, on platforms made available by the Government, and to relate it to the variables of sex and age, where it was possible to observe a masculinization of cases, with higher prevalence in the age group of 30 to 39 years in the general population. The importance of understanding the infection at its beginning is essential for diagnosis, since it allows alternative therapeutic decisions to be made, avoiding exacerbated viral replication, mitigating the AIDS pathology picture and its subsequent systemic damage to the body, which promotes greater expenses for the patient's public agencies. Therefore, the epidemiological study of HIV/AIDS is of great importance, as it can assist in the development of effective programs to control the infection by governments, in addition to contributing to the control and awareness of vulnerable populations, bringing benefits to public health in the region.
自20世纪80年代人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)出现并随之发展为获得性免疫缺陷综合症(AIDS)以来，对这种感染的识别一直是科学的一个里程碑，并被认为是一个公共卫生问题。目前，世界上约有3800万人感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病，其中92万人在巴西，在Varginha微型地区(Varginha, Três Corações, Três Pontas, Campos Gerais, Boa esperana, Elói Mendes, Campanha, guap， Ilicínea, Carmo da Cachoeira, Campo do Meio, Coqueiral, Monsenhor Paulo, Santana da Vargem, s o thom das Letras和s o Bento Abade)， 2010年至2020年期间估计有47.8万居民。510人被诊断患有艾滋病毒，533人患有艾滋病。这样，本文的目的是在政府提供的平台上对过去10年关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病的流行病学数据进行调查，并将其与性别和年龄的变量联系起来，在这些变量中有可能观察到病例的男性化，在一般人口中，30至39岁年龄组的患病率较高。在一开始就了解感染的重要性对诊断至关重要，因为它可以做出替代治疗决定，避免加剧病毒复制，减轻艾滋病病理情况及其随后对身体的系统性损害，从而增加患者公共机构的费用。因此，艾滋病毒/艾滋病的流行病学研究是非常重要的，因为它可以帮助政府制定有效的方案来控制感染，除了有助于控制和认识弱势群体，为该地区的公共卫生带来好处。
{"title":"Epidemiological Overview HIV-AIDS in the Microregion of Varginha (MG)","authors":"Larissa Fs","doi":"10.23880/jidtm-16000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000164","url":null,"abstract":"Since the emergence of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with the consequent development of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in the 1980s, the identification of the infection has been a milestone for science and is considered a public health problem. Currently, about 38 million people live with HIV/AIDS in the world, of which 920,000 of these people are in Brazil, in the micro-region of Varginha (Varginha, Três Corações, Três Pontas, Campos Gerais, Boa Esperança, Elói Mendes , Campanha, Guapé, Ilicínea, Carmo da Cachoeira, Campo do Meio, Coqueiral, Monsenhor Paulo, Santana da Vargem, São Thomé das Letras and São Bento Abade), with an estimated population of 478 thousand inhabitants, between 2010 and 2020, 510 people were diagnosed with HIV and 533 people living with AIDS. In this way, the present article aimed to carry out a survey of epidemiological data on HIV/AIDS in the last 10 years, on platforms made available by the Government, and to relate it to the variables of sex and age, where it was possible to observe a masculinization of cases, with higher prevalence in the age group of 30 to 39 years in the general population. The importance of understanding the infection at its beginning is essential for diagnosis, since it allows alternative therapeutic decisions to be made, avoiding exacerbated viral replication, mitigating the AIDS pathology picture and its subsequent systemic damage to the body, which promotes greater expenses for the patient's public agencies. Therefore, the epidemiological study of HIV/AIDS is of great importance, as it can assist in the development of effective programs to control the infection by governments, in addition to contributing to the control and awareness of vulnerable populations, bringing benefits to public health in the region.","PeriodicalId":402204,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132741933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The ongoing public health crises of monkeypox and poliomyelitis amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, have been straining both, the international as well as national health systems significantly. Despite having been first discovered in captive monkeys, thus the name, the information at hand points to the African rodents as the natural reservoir. Rats, mice, monkeys, prairie dogs, squirrels, and humans have all contracted infections [2]. Review: John P Thornhill et al. have reported 528 infections diagnosed between April 27 and June 24, 2022, at 43 sites in 16 countries. It has been reported that WHO officials are working on a new name for the virus and disease commonly known as monkeypox to reduce racism and stigma [1,8]. Owing to the fact of a very low CFR in this type, experts are of the view that the prevailing social stigma is that the monkeypox disease is transmitted sexually, especially through male-to-male sex, which dissuades people from reporting, despite developing symptoms [3,5,6]. Due to gay couples being a societal taboo, there are many unreported cases, hindering the testing process which may further lead to an unchecked spread in the country [6]. Researchers use the term, ‘HMPXV’ which stands for the human version of the monkeypox virus, referring to the virus driving the current outbreaks in Europe and North America, distinguishing it from those more commonly found in animals in Africa. According to the WHO, ‘names should be given with the aim to minimise the unnecessary negative impact on trade, travel, tourism, or animal welfare, and avoid causing offence to any cultural, social, national, regional, professional, or ethnic groups,’ as reported in the British Medical Journal (BMJ). Conclusion: Although monkeys are not the primary route of transmission, the disease is known as monkeypox because it was first observed in monkeys, by Danish scientists. Monkeypox is not known to be particularly contagious, and transmission often involves some level of close contact. Therefore, Monkeypox is not always transmitted sexually, though it is a form of intimate contact.
导言:在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，猴痘和脊髓灰质炎的公共卫生危机持续不断，给国际和国家卫生系统带来了巨大压力。尽管最初是在圈养的猴子身上发现的，因此得名，但手头的信息表明非洲啮齿动物是天然的储存库。大鼠、小鼠、猴子、草原土拨鼠、松鼠和人类都感染过这种疾病。回顾:John P Thornhill等人报告了2022年4月27日至6月24日期间在16个国家的43个地点诊断出的528例感染。据报道，世卫组织官员正在为通常称为猴痘的病毒和疾病制定一个新名称，以减少种族主义和污名[1,8]。由于这种类型猴痘的病死率非常低，专家们认为，普遍存在的社会污名是猴痘病是性传播，特别是通过男性与男性之间的性行为传播，这劝阻人们尽管出现症状也不报告[3,5,6]。由于同性恋是一个社会禁忌，有许多未报告的病例，阻碍了检测过程，这可能进一步导致该国不受控制的传播。研究人员使用的术语“HMPXV”代表猴痘病毒的人类版本，指的是导致目前在欧洲和北美爆发的病毒，将其与非洲动物中更常见的病毒区分开来。根据世界卫生组织的说法，“命名的目的应该是尽量减少对贸易、旅行、旅游或动物福利的不必要的负面影响，并避免对任何文化、社会、国家、地区、专业或种族群体造成冒犯，”《英国医学杂志》(BMJ)报道。结论:虽然猴子不是主要的传播途径，但这种疾病被称为猴痘，因为丹麦科学家首先在猴子身上观察到这种疾病。猴痘并不具有特别的传染性，传播通常涉及某种程度的密切接触。因此，猴痘并不总是通过性传播，尽管它是一种亲密接触的形式。
{"title":"Monkeypox - Unravelling the On-going Stigma-A Mini Review","authors":"Tadi Lj","doi":"10.23880/jidtm-16000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000165","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The ongoing public health crises of monkeypox and poliomyelitis amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, have been straining both, the international as well as national health systems significantly. Despite having been first discovered in captive monkeys, thus the name, the information at hand points to the African rodents as the natural reservoir. Rats, mice, monkeys, prairie dogs, squirrels, and humans have all contracted infections [2]. Review: John P Thornhill et al. have reported 528 infections diagnosed between April 27 and June 24, 2022, at 43 sites in 16 countries. It has been reported that WHO officials are working on a new name for the virus and disease commonly known as monkeypox to reduce racism and stigma [1,8]. Owing to the fact of a very low CFR in this type, experts are of the view that the prevailing social stigma is that the monkeypox disease is transmitted sexually, especially through male-to-male sex, which dissuades people from reporting, despite developing symptoms [3,5,6]. Due to gay couples being a societal taboo, there are many unreported cases, hindering the testing process which may further lead to an unchecked spread in the country [6]. Researchers use the term, ‘HMPXV’ which stands for the human version of the monkeypox virus, referring to the virus driving the current outbreaks in Europe and North America, distinguishing it from those more commonly found in animals in Africa. According to the WHO, ‘names should be given with the aim to minimise the unnecessary negative impact on trade, travel, tourism, or animal welfare, and avoid causing offence to any cultural, social, national, regional, professional, or ethnic groups,’ as reported in the British Medical Journal (BMJ). Conclusion: Although monkeys are not the primary route of transmission, the disease is known as monkeypox because it was first observed in monkeys, by Danish scientists. Monkeypox is not known to be particularly contagious, and transmission often involves some level of close contact. Therefore, Monkeypox is not always transmitted sexually, though it is a form of intimate contact.","PeriodicalId":402204,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115270066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Health workers, engaged in the front line of the response to this pandemic, have inevitably been exposed to great risks of infection. Thus, in Burkina Faso, as in most countries, health workers have been infected. Objective: To study the characteristics and perceptions of their care management Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study of health workers with COVID-19 from March to August 2020. All health workers with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 who consented to participate in the study were included. Results: Of the 62 health workers identified, the sex ratio was 0.82. The median age was 40.5 years with interquartile ranges of 36 and 52. Doctors (54.8%) and nurses (25.8%) were the most represented and 60% worked in university hospitals. Fifty- one health workers (82.3%) recalled having been infected, 41 (80.4%) of them in the course of their work. Thirty-three agents (53.2%) were hospitalised. Almost all health workers were symptomatic, frequently stigmatised in 61.3% of cases by their neighbors (60.5%) and their colleagues on duty (47.3%). The evolution was favorable for all health workers and psychosocial care was necessary for 22% of them. Conclusion: As health emergencies are becoming more and more frequent, health workers are vulnerable and it is crucial to put in place, all the necessary conditions to enable them to provide care without risk.
{"title":"Covid-19 and Health Care Workers in Burkina Faso: Characteristics and Perceptions of their Management","authors":"Sondo K Apolin","doi":"10.23880/jidtm-16000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000159","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health workers, engaged in the front line of the response to this pandemic, have inevitably been exposed to great risks of infection. Thus, in Burkina Faso, as in most countries, health workers have been infected. Objective: To study the characteristics and perceptions of their care management Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study of health workers with COVID-19 from March to August 2020. All health workers with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 who consented to participate in the study were included. Results: Of the 62 health workers identified, the sex ratio was 0.82. The median age was 40.5 years with interquartile ranges of 36 and 52. Doctors (54.8%) and nurses (25.8%) were the most represented and 60% worked in university hospitals. Fifty- one health workers (82.3%) recalled having been infected, 41 (80.4%) of them in the course of their work. Thirty-three agents (53.2%) were hospitalised. Almost all health workers were symptomatic, frequently stigmatised in 61.3% of cases by their neighbors (60.5%) and their colleagues on duty (47.3%). The evolution was favorable for all health workers and psychosocial care was necessary for 22% of them. Conclusion: As health emergencies are becoming more and more frequent, health workers are vulnerable and it is crucial to put in place, all the necessary conditions to enable them to provide care without risk.","PeriodicalId":402204,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130737433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurosyphilis occurs when the nervous system is affected by the Treponema Pallidum bacterial species. Medical literature describes two clinical stages: early and late. Early can be asymptomatic or show signs of meningitis and meningoencephalitis. Conversely, late presents as parenchymal, vascular abnormalities, tabes dorsalis or syphilitic gumma. Although neurosyphilis is now uncommon, knowledge of key physical exam findings is crucial to its consideration and subsequent diagnosis and management.
{"title":"Neurosyphilis Presenting as Failure to Thrive","authors":"Hazari A","doi":"10.23880/jidtm-16000150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000150","url":null,"abstract":"Neurosyphilis occurs when the nervous system is affected by the Treponema Pallidum bacterial species. Medical literature describes two clinical stages: early and late. Early can be asymptomatic or show signs of meningitis and meningoencephalitis. Conversely, late presents as parenchymal, vascular abnormalities, tabes dorsalis or syphilitic gumma. Although neurosyphilis is now uncommon, knowledge of key physical exam findings is crucial to its consideration and subsequent diagnosis and management.","PeriodicalId":402204,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130906862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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