Background: The search for novel natural products from medicinal plants against multidrug fungal strains is very essential to overcome the resistance complication. Many researchers have focused on the antidermatophyte activity of crude extracts from naturally occurring plants. Objective: This study investigates cream formulations of methanolic crude extracts of E.hirta, J. curcas and A. montanus for their pharmaceutical characteristics and antifungal potentials, especially against some drug resistant dermatophytes isolated from work equipment of local hair dressers. Methods: Dermatophytes samples were inoculated into sterile Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) broth and incubated. Positive growths were examined macroscopically and microscopically and confirmed with the aid of a fungi atlas. The phytochemical constituents of the plants extracts were also determined. Antifungal susceptibility testing was also carried out using agar diffusion assay. Using the best extract combination ratios obtained from the checkerboard assay, creams were formulated with the methanolic crude extracts and the pharmaceutical properties of the creams were determined. Results: MIC of the individual extracts showed that Trichophyton schoenleinii and Microsporon ferugenium were resistant to all the extracts except J. curcas . The checkerboard assay showed that the combination of J. curcas and A. montanus had the best anti-fungal activity for T. schoenleinii , while the combination of J. curcas and E.hirta also gave an excellent result. All the formulated creams exhibited good pharmaceutical characteristics. Conclusion: The formulated creams showed good anti-fungal and pharmaceutical properties. Overall, the study scientifically validates that methanolic leaf extracts of A. montanus, E. hirta and J. curcas are potent antifungal agents.
{"title":"Formulation and Pharmaceutical Characterization of Antidermatophyte Creams of Methanol Leaf Extracts of Euphobia Hirta, Jatropha Curcas and Acantus Montanus","authors":"Ojiako Cm","doi":"10.23880/jidtm-16000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000157","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The search for novel natural products from medicinal plants against multidrug fungal strains is very essential to overcome the resistance complication. Many researchers have focused on the antidermatophyte activity of crude extracts from naturally occurring plants. Objective: This study investigates cream formulations of methanolic crude extracts of E.hirta, J. curcas and A. montanus for their pharmaceutical characteristics and antifungal potentials, especially against some drug resistant dermatophytes isolated from work equipment of local hair dressers. Methods: Dermatophytes samples were inoculated into sterile Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) broth and incubated. Positive growths were examined macroscopically and microscopically and confirmed with the aid of a fungi atlas. The phytochemical constituents of the plants extracts were also determined. Antifungal susceptibility testing was also carried out using agar diffusion assay. Using the best extract combination ratios obtained from the checkerboard assay, creams were formulated with the methanolic crude extracts and the pharmaceutical properties of the creams were determined. Results: MIC of the individual extracts showed that Trichophyton schoenleinii and Microsporon ferugenium were resistant to all the extracts except J. curcas . The checkerboard assay showed that the combination of J. curcas and A. montanus had the best anti-fungal activity for T. schoenleinii , while the combination of J. curcas and E.hirta also gave an excellent result. All the formulated creams exhibited good pharmaceutical characteristics. Conclusion: The formulated creams showed good anti-fungal and pharmaceutical properties. Overall, the study scientifically validates that methanolic leaf extracts of A. montanus, E. hirta and J. curcas are potent antifungal agents.","PeriodicalId":402204,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117263600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbapenems are the last line of defense against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria that cause serious infections. Although they are resistant to most B-lactamases, the presence of carbapenem hydrolyzing enzymes known as carbapenemase has put their use as a last-resort antibiotic in jeopardy. These enzymes are produced most frequently by Enterobacteriaceae. True carbapenemase in Ambler molecular classes A, B, and D are frequently expressed by genes found in mobile genetic elements such plasmids, integrons, and transposons, which frequently contain many resistance determinants, further limiting treatment options. The worldwide development of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria has resulted in a large number of nosocomial and community-acquired illnesses, which has become a major public health issue. In vitro evidence of the advantages of combination schemes against polymyxins is still available while polymyxins are still available.
{"title":"The Epidemiology and Molecular Aspect of Carbapenemase Producing Enterobactericiae (CPE). A Review","authors":"S. Z","doi":"10.23880/jidtm-16000161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000161","url":null,"abstract":"Carbapenems are the last line of defense against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria that cause serious infections. Although they are resistant to most B-lactamases, the presence of carbapenem hydrolyzing enzymes known as carbapenemase has put their use as a last-resort antibiotic in jeopardy. These enzymes are produced most frequently by Enterobacteriaceae. True carbapenemase in Ambler molecular classes A, B, and D are frequently expressed by genes found in mobile genetic elements such plasmids, integrons, and transposons, which frequently contain many resistance determinants, further limiting treatment options. The worldwide development of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria has resulted in a large number of nosocomial and community-acquired illnesses, which has become a major public health issue. In vitro evidence of the advantages of combination schemes against polymyxins is still available while polymyxins are still available.","PeriodicalId":402204,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124628176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myopericarditis related to mRNA SARS CoV2 vaccines in adolescents is a rare side effect and currently reported after the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech dose. Here we describe two cases without severity signs or complications after inpatient follow-up and ambulatory treatment. Although treatment is still controversial a good prognosis and non-sequela after injury is expected. A correct approach and suspect diagnosis of myocarditis in children must be excluded after compatible symptoms and recent COVID-19 vaccination and discarding other potential infections.
{"title":"Myopericarditis Associated to mRNA Vaccine in Adolescents: Report of Two Cases","authors":"C. Mc","doi":"10.23880/jidtm-16000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000160","url":null,"abstract":"Myopericarditis related to mRNA SARS CoV2 vaccines in adolescents is a rare side effect and currently reported after the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech dose. Here we describe two cases without severity signs or complications after inpatient follow-up and ambulatory treatment. Although treatment is still controversial a good prognosis and non-sequela after injury is expected. A correct approach and suspect diagnosis of myocarditis in children must be excluded after compatible symptoms and recent COVID-19 vaccination and discarding other potential infections.","PeriodicalId":402204,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122996451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Serratia marcescens has been described as a significant nosocomial organism. Several S. marcescens outbreaks in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) were described as causing fatal meningitis, sepsis or pneumonitis in premature or low birth weight neonates with a mortality rate of 44%. The primary objective of this study is to describe the outcome (mortality and length of hospital stay) of S. marcescen s infection in NICU at a tertiary care hospital over ten years (2009 -2018). Secondary objectives are to describe the incidence of S. marcescens infection/colonization in NICU, study the risk factors associated with S. marcescens infection/colonization, and the microbiology of this organism. Method: A retrospective, unmatched case-control study was conducted between January 2009 to December 2018. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0. A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent predictors of Serratia marcescens and mortality among Serratia marcescens infected patients. The Odds Ratio (OR) was reported with its 95% CI. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 93 cases had a positive culture of S. marcescens in neonates hospitalized in the NICU during the study period and 201 controls were included. 50.5% (n=47) of cases were male and 49.5% (n=46) were females. The clinical features of infection by S. marcescens range from asymptomatic colonization (16.1%) to potentially fatal sepsis (38.7%) and meningitis (1.1%). 13 cases (17.3 %) had colonization before infection. Mortality rate among infected neonates was 17%. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (OR= 1.969, 95% CI= 1.020-3.801, P= 0.044), premature birth ((OR= 2.670, 95% CI= 1.156-6.167, P= 0.021). C-section (OR= 3.238, 95% CI= 1.591-6.591, P= 0.001), type of feeding and surgery (OR= 3.719, 95% CI= 1.546-8.946, P= 0.003) were independent predictors for acquiring S. marcescens . Female gender was an independent factor for mortality from Serratia infection (OR= 6.741, 95% CI= 1.307-34.767, P= 0.023). Conclusion: S. marcescens is an important pathogen that has a propensity to cause difficult-to-control outbreaks in NICUs. Healthcare workers' awareness of this organism and enhancement of infection prevention and control measures is a vital requirement to prevent HAIs among susceptible neonates.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Serratia Marcescens in the Neonatal ICU of A Tertiary Hospital in Oman over a 10 Years Period","authors":"Muna AL Mahrooqi","doi":"10.23880/jidtm-16000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000163","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Serratia marcescens has been described as a significant nosocomial organism. Several S. marcescens outbreaks in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) were described as causing fatal meningitis, sepsis or pneumonitis in premature or low birth weight neonates with a mortality rate of 44%. The primary objective of this study is to describe the outcome (mortality and length of hospital stay) of S. marcescen s infection in NICU at a tertiary care hospital over ten years (2009 -2018). Secondary objectives are to describe the incidence of S. marcescens infection/colonization in NICU, study the risk factors associated with S. marcescens infection/colonization, and the microbiology of this organism. Method: A retrospective, unmatched case-control study was conducted between January 2009 to December 2018. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0. A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent predictors of Serratia marcescens and mortality among Serratia marcescens infected patients. The Odds Ratio (OR) was reported with its 95% CI. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 93 cases had a positive culture of S. marcescens in neonates hospitalized in the NICU during the study period and 201 controls were included. 50.5% (n=47) of cases were male and 49.5% (n=46) were females. The clinical features of infection by S. marcescens range from asymptomatic colonization (16.1%) to potentially fatal sepsis (38.7%) and meningitis (1.1%). 13 cases (17.3 %) had colonization before infection. Mortality rate among infected neonates was 17%. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (OR= 1.969, 95% CI= 1.020-3.801, P= 0.044), premature birth ((OR= 2.670, 95% CI= 1.156-6.167, P= 0.021). C-section (OR= 3.238, 95% CI= 1.591-6.591, P= 0.001), type of feeding and surgery (OR= 3.719, 95% CI= 1.546-8.946, P= 0.003) were independent predictors for acquiring S. marcescens . Female gender was an independent factor for mortality from Serratia infection (OR= 6.741, 95% CI= 1.307-34.767, P= 0.023). Conclusion: S. marcescens is an important pathogen that has a propensity to cause difficult-to-control outbreaks in NICUs. Healthcare workers' awareness of this organism and enhancement of infection prevention and control measures is a vital requirement to prevent HAIs among susceptible neonates.","PeriodicalId":402204,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127365004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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