Abstract It is arguably clear that regardless of one's philosophical orientation, sometimes change cannot be avoided. On the same vein, the change of curriculum in educational sector has become irresistible almost everywhere. The aim of the paper has been to critique Tanzania Educational Philosophy using Ornstein's view (Ornstein, Pajak and Ornstein (2011:1-9); the choice of this work is based on credibility in curriculum studies. The findings indicate that curriculum change can never be avoided. The paper also focused on how traditional curriculum has not only changed, but also co-exists with contemporary curriculum. It has also been made evident that the curriculum in Tanzania has a lot of ‘patches’, and this may have given room for the recent massive Form Four failures. It is also true that recurrent threats to strike and even the last year strike by teachers are indicators that the curriculum needs thorough review. The paper further recommends the work of curriculum review should be not the sole responsibility of Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE) but all stakeholders. The process of curriculum review should receive almost an equal emphasis as the constitutional review.
{"title":"Evaluation of Tanzania Curriculum: An Analysis Using Ornstein's View on Educational Philosophy","authors":"Mussa S. Muneja","doi":"10.2478/SCS-2014-0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/SCS-2014-0173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is arguably clear that regardless of one's philosophical orientation, sometimes change cannot be avoided. On the same vein, the change of curriculum in educational sector has become irresistible almost everywhere. The aim of the paper has been to critique Tanzania Educational Philosophy using Ornstein's view (Ornstein, Pajak and Ornstein (2011:1-9); the choice of this work is based on credibility in curriculum studies. The findings indicate that curriculum change can never be avoided. The paper also focused on how traditional curriculum has not only changed, but also co-exists with contemporary curriculum. It has also been made evident that the curriculum in Tanzania has a lot of ‘patches’, and this may have given room for the recent massive Form Four failures. It is also true that recurrent threats to strike and even the last year strike by teachers are indicators that the curriculum needs thorough review. The paper further recommends the work of curriculum review should be not the sole responsibility of Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE) but all stakeholders. The process of curriculum review should receive almost an equal emphasis as the constitutional review.","PeriodicalId":402426,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Changing Societies","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116945169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Author's focuses on understanding in which way people relate with globalization and what kind of imaginative process they engage in to do so in their everyday life. Article deals with the emerging cosmopolitan consciousness and practices that derive from young people's experiences of a globalized world. The paper is based on two different researches of young people, the rationale for such a choice being to understand the impact of emerging transformations on young people - who are often the barometers of societal change from both generational and life cycle perspectives.
{"title":"A Cosmopolitan Perspective of Globalization: Cultural and Aesthetic Consumption Among Young People","authors":"Vincenzo Cicchelli, Sylvie Octobre","doi":"10.2478/scs-2014-0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scs-2014-0151","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Author's focuses on understanding in which way people relate with globalization and what kind of imaginative process they engage in to do so in their everyday life. Article deals with the emerging cosmopolitan consciousness and practices that derive from young people's experiences of a globalized world. The paper is based on two different researches of young people, the rationale for such a choice being to understand the impact of emerging transformations on young people - who are often the barometers of societal change from both generational and life cycle perspectives.","PeriodicalId":402426,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Changing Societies","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126325963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract One hurdle to the systematic study of corruption is the plethora of definitions, none of which seems to meet the test of applicability across times and political systems. This, in turn, leads to difficulty in assessing the reasons underlying corruption and explaining its levels in various contexts. Thus, it may be useful to recur to the classical republican notions, particularly the conflation of the public and personal, the degree to which the republic relied upon a virtuous and selfsacrificing citizenry, and the problem of individual desire and envy. The more modern 18th century British concept twisted the equation and drew a boundary between the public and the private such that individuals needed to squelch their private desires in favor of public virtue. Later termed positive and negative liberty, this fundamental divide became the threshold of corruption. How can individual rights be protected from government intrusion? Conversely, how can governmental rights be protected from individual intrusion? How can free, independent humans govern themselves? Such fundamental questions remain central to contemporary American culture. This paper suggests that a return to Classical Republican Tradition, particularly the writing of Thucydides and the concept of “fatal envy” can shed new light on the dialectical nature of public and private liberty and of the issue of corruption.
{"title":"Corruption and the Fatal Power of Envy: Revisiting The Classical Republican Tradition","authors":"Rebecca R. Fiske","doi":"10.2478/SCS-2014-0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/SCS-2014-0167","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One hurdle to the systematic study of corruption is the plethora of definitions, none of which seems to meet the test of applicability across times and political systems. This, in turn, leads to difficulty in assessing the reasons underlying corruption and explaining its levels in various contexts. Thus, it may be useful to recur to the classical republican notions, particularly the conflation of the public and personal, the degree to which the republic relied upon a virtuous and selfsacrificing citizenry, and the problem of individual desire and envy. The more modern 18th century British concept twisted the equation and drew a boundary between the public and the private such that individuals needed to squelch their private desires in favor of public virtue. Later termed positive and negative liberty, this fundamental divide became the threshold of corruption. How can individual rights be protected from government intrusion? Conversely, how can governmental rights be protected from individual intrusion? How can free, independent humans govern themselves? Such fundamental questions remain central to contemporary American culture. This paper suggests that a return to Classical Republican Tradition, particularly the writing of Thucydides and the concept of “fatal envy” can shed new light on the dialectical nature of public and private liberty and of the issue of corruption.","PeriodicalId":402426,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Changing Societies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127386130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract *This paper is based on different previous presentations, in particular Understanding and compassion. Towards an integration between spiritual and sociological knowledge S.P.A. Annual Conference, Anaheim (CA, USA), 18th August 2001, unpublished; “Contemplative knowledge and sociological understanding”, panel Contemplative understanding: a challenge to the sociological perspective, Sociological Practice Association (S.P.A.) Annual conference “Using Sociology for Good Purposes”, San Francisco (CA, U.S.A.) August 17th 2004; unpublished. Both have been reviewed and integrated for the recent Workshop Wakeful inquiry: experiencing contemplative sociology in science and practice, held a the ISA RC46 Conference “Clinical Sociology: Improving Lives and Communities through Analysis and Intervention” Madrid, 16-19 March 2013. Note: the pronoun indicating the first person singular is always written in minuscule character
{"title":"A Contemplative Approach to Clinical Sociology","authors":"V. Giorgino","doi":"10.2478/scs-2014-0155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scs-2014-0155","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract *This paper is based on different previous presentations, in particular Understanding and compassion. Towards an integration between spiritual and sociological knowledge S.P.A. Annual Conference, Anaheim (CA, USA), 18th August 2001, unpublished; “Contemplative knowledge and sociological understanding”, panel Contemplative understanding: a challenge to the sociological perspective, Sociological Practice Association (S.P.A.) Annual conference “Using Sociology for Good Purposes”, San Francisco (CA, U.S.A.) August 17th 2004; unpublished. Both have been reviewed and integrated for the recent Workshop Wakeful inquiry: experiencing contemplative sociology in science and practice, held a the ISA RC46 Conference “Clinical Sociology: Improving Lives and Communities through Analysis and Intervention” Madrid, 16-19 March 2013. Note: the pronoun indicating the first person singular is always written in minuscule character","PeriodicalId":402426,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Changing Societies","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128965009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Government capacity is an important topic in the study of public administration (Burgess 1975; Honadle 1981). The terms capacity, capability or ability have become a concern of government agencies because of the need to develop policies and programs (Gargan 1981). More recently failures of public programs and the increasing demands of the public have also brought attention to this important topic (Ingraham 2003; Andrews and Boyne 2010). Despite the common use of capacity, the term is not well defined in the current public administration literature. In this paper the focus is upon the implementation capacity in local government. They are largely responsible for service delivery, whereas higher levels of government are more removed and have coordination and policy development responsibilities. In this study, the researcher undertakes a comprehensive approach to investigate what is currently known about government capacity by integrating the empirical research that has been published in the past fifty years. It reviews 43 articles that rigorously discuss capacity or capacity building at the local level and 62 articles on citizen co-production. The analysis suggests that government capacity only perceived within organizations is limited. The majority of attention has been paid to management capacity particularly policy formulation capacity, leaving implementation capacity less touched. Sub-analyses reveal different dimensions of government capacity which are dominantly studied in western literature. The evidence points to an association between government capacity and citizen co-production. This paper enriches the literature by developing a new relationship of government capacity and citizen co-production at the local level.
政府能力是公共行政研究中的一个重要课题(Burgess 1975;Honadle 1981)。由于需要制定政策和计划，“能力”、“能力”或“能力”等术语已成为政府机构关注的问题(Gargan 1981)。最近，公共项目的失败和公众日益增长的需求也引起了人们对这一重要话题的关注(Ingraham 2003;Andrews and Boyne 2010)。尽管通常使用能力一词，但在目前的公共行政文献中，这一术语并没有得到很好的定义。本文的研究重点是地方政府的执行能力。他们主要负责提供服务，而更高级别的政府则有更多的协调和政策制定责任。在本研究中，研究者通过整合过去50年发表的实证研究，采取了一种全面的方法来调查目前对政府能力的了解。它审查了43篇严格讨论地方一级能力或能力建设的文章，以及62篇关于公民合作生产的文章。分析表明，仅在组织内部感知到的政府能力是有限的。大部分注意力都放在管理能力，特别是政策制定能力上，而对执行能力的关注较少。亚分析揭示了政府能力的不同维度，这是西方文献研究的主要内容。证据表明，政府能力与公民合作生产之间存在关联。本文通过在地方层面建立政府能力与公民合作生产的新关系来丰富文献。
{"title":"Local Government Capacity and Citizen Co-production: A Review of Theory and Evidence","authors":"Xuan Tu","doi":"10.2478/scs-2014-0163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scs-2014-0163","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Government capacity is an important topic in the study of public administration (Burgess 1975; Honadle 1981). The terms capacity, capability or ability have become a concern of government agencies because of the need to develop policies and programs (Gargan 1981). More recently failures of public programs and the increasing demands of the public have also brought attention to this important topic (Ingraham 2003; Andrews and Boyne 2010). Despite the common use of capacity, the term is not well defined in the current public administration literature. In this paper the focus is upon the implementation capacity in local government. They are largely responsible for service delivery, whereas higher levels of government are more removed and have coordination and policy development responsibilities. In this study, the researcher undertakes a comprehensive approach to investigate what is currently known about government capacity by integrating the empirical research that has been published in the past fifty years. It reviews 43 articles that rigorously discuss capacity or capacity building at the local level and 62 articles on citizen co-production. The analysis suggests that government capacity only perceived within organizations is limited. The majority of attention has been paid to management capacity particularly policy formulation capacity, leaving implementation capacity less touched. Sub-analyses reveal different dimensions of government capacity which are dominantly studied in western literature. The evidence points to an association between government capacity and citizen co-production. This paper enriches the literature by developing a new relationship of government capacity and citizen co-production at the local level.","PeriodicalId":402426,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Changing Societies","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116655981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In foreign countries the interest to the problem of effectiveness assessment of a public institution performance arose as early as in the 1950s of the XX century, when Japanese companies approved the first principle of quality surveillance. Subsequently the USA supported this initiative, having established Malcom Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) (1987), which they began to award to the companies and the organizations of the public sector for high achievements in the area of quality and the court was not an exception in this respect. Later the idea of assessment of court quality aroused interest in the European countries, as well. A number of questions – from defining the concept of quality of legal proceedings itself to the development of tools and methods of assessment, the criteria of quality – were discussed (Total Quality Management).
{"title":"The World Practices and the Perspectives of Introduction of the System of Effectiveness Assessment of the Court Performance in Ukraine","authors":"M. Lydia","doi":"10.2478/scs-2014-0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scs-2014-0152","url":null,"abstract":"In foreign countries the interest to the problem of effectiveness assessment of a public institution performance arose as early as in the 1950s of the XX century, when Japanese companies approved the first principle of quality surveillance. Subsequently the USA supported this initiative, having established Malcom Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) (1987), which they began to award to the companies and the organizations of the public sector for high achievements in the area of quality and the court was not an exception in this respect. Later the idea of assessment of court quality aroused interest in the European countries, as well. A number of questions – from defining the concept of quality of legal proceedings itself to the development of tools and methods of assessment, the criteria of quality – were discussed (Total Quality Management).","PeriodicalId":402426,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Changing Societies","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122143510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International’s Index of Corruption and Global Survey Results","authors":"F. L. Rusciano","doi":"10.2478/scs-2014-0166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scs-2014-0166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":402426,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Changing Societies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131105650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to clarify the definition of social competence and its application in police practice, introduction of the police officer social competence structure, the subsequent description of its components. The efficiency in problems solving, which police officer encounter in daily service, as well as the quality of cooperation between police and community directly depends on the level of social competence development, the interiorization of social norm and values in personality structure of police officer, such as tolerance, respect of human rights, motivation for social interaction, culture of communication, social intelligence, emotionally-volitional stability etc. Therefore, the objectives of educative work in police high school have to include the purposeful formation of social competence as a requirement of contemporary democratic society. Another aspect of social competence formation in police cadets through educational means is utilization of moral potential of education, which is essential in rapidly changing societies for efficient socialization of such professional group as police officers.
{"title":"The Social Competence of Police Cadets as Sociology Conception","authors":"V. Kiikov","doi":"10.2478/scs-2014-0169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scs-2014-0169","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this paper is to clarify the definition of social competence and its application in police practice, introduction of the police officer social competence structure, the subsequent description of its components. The efficiency in problems solving, which police officer encounter in daily service, as well as the quality of cooperation between police and community directly depends on the level of social competence development, the interiorization of social norm and values in personality structure of police officer, such as tolerance, respect of human rights, motivation for social interaction, culture of communication, social intelligence, emotionally-volitional stability etc. Therefore, the objectives of educative work in police high school have to include the purposeful formation of social competence as a requirement of contemporary democratic society. Another aspect of social competence formation in police cadets through educational means is utilization of moral potential of education, which is essential in rapidly changing societies for efficient socialization of such professional group as police officers.","PeriodicalId":402426,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Changing Societies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132201865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article is focused on the analysis of the cross-cultural competency framework of the NGO managers within international organizations. The results of the qualitative research project demonstrate a consistent pattern of three perceived mandatory competencies for efficient managers: communicative competence, intercultural competence and linguistic competence. The qualitative phenomenological research was conducted in Ukraine and US; the insights of 22 in-depth interviews with managers of the international NGOs reveal vision and perception that US and Ukrainian managers have regarding the required education, skill set and knowledge of the successful international managers.
{"title":"Competency Framework for Managers of International Organizations in Ukraine","authors":"S. Buko","doi":"10.2478/scs-2014-0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scs-2014-0158","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article is focused on the analysis of the cross-cultural competency framework of the NGO managers within international organizations. The results of the qualitative research project demonstrate a consistent pattern of three perceived mandatory competencies for efficient managers: communicative competence, intercultural competence and linguistic competence. The qualitative phenomenological research was conducted in Ukraine and US; the insights of 22 in-depth interviews with managers of the international NGOs reveal vision and perception that US and Ukrainian managers have regarding the required education, skill set and knowledge of the successful international managers.","PeriodicalId":402426,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Changing Societies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133861981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Article focuses on the analysis of successful businesses in Ukraine started and operated by women-owners, focusing on personal experiences of women-entrepreneurs and their perceptions of drivers and barriers of their businesses/
{"title":"Barriers to Successful Entrepreneurship for Women in Ukraine","authors":"E. Garten, J. S. Johnson, S. Buko","doi":"10.2478/SCS-2014-0162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/SCS-2014-0162","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Article focuses on the analysis of successful businesses in Ukraine started and operated by women-owners, focusing on personal experiences of women-entrepreneurs and their perceptions of drivers and barriers of their businesses/","PeriodicalId":402426,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Changing Societies","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121105188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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