Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990833
Heiki Lill, Alo Allik, M. Hovi, Kristjan Loite, A. Annuk
In Estonia, wood-based heat accumulating stove heating is the traditional method of keeping houses warm during the cold period. Over time, district heating has started to replace local heating systems in urban areas. Different heating systems, based on different kind of combustion materials, have been introduced for heating private houses. Solar, earth and air heating have also been introduced in recent decades. At the same time, wood burning stove heating have still an important role in heating private homes as a traditional way. This, in turn, causes a reduction in air quality in urban areas during the heating season. Due to the decline in air quality, an idea of banning the wood-burning stove heating systems in urban areas rises. In historic buildings of architectural value, as well as heritage sites and buildings seeking of cultural authenticity, the preservation of stoves is required. In order for stoves to remain more than just decorative furnishings, it is wise to find possibilities of using stoves for their intended use using modern and non-polluting options. For example, by installing electric heating elements in furnaces or by supplying heat to the furnaces through preheated water. The aim of this study is that by using smart control element and heating the furnace with an electric heater during periods when electricity is cheap, it ensures the suitability of the indoor climate of the building and reduces the air pollution. At the same time, it balances the demand response ratio in electricity market.
{"title":"Integrated Smart Heating System in Historic Buildings","authors":"Heiki Lill, Alo Allik, M. Hovi, Kristjan Loite, A. Annuk","doi":"10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990833","url":null,"abstract":"In Estonia, wood-based heat accumulating stove heating is the traditional method of keeping houses warm during the cold period. Over time, district heating has started to replace local heating systems in urban areas. Different heating systems, based on different kind of combustion materials, have been introduced for heating private houses. Solar, earth and air heating have also been introduced in recent decades. At the same time, wood burning stove heating have still an important role in heating private homes as a traditional way. This, in turn, causes a reduction in air quality in urban areas during the heating season. Due to the decline in air quality, an idea of banning the wood-burning stove heating systems in urban areas rises. In historic buildings of architectural value, as well as heritage sites and buildings seeking of cultural authenticity, the preservation of stoves is required. In order for stoves to remain more than just decorative furnishings, it is wise to find possibilities of using stoves for their intended use using modern and non-polluting options. For example, by installing electric heating elements in furnaces or by supplying heat to the furnaces through preheated water. The aim of this study is that by using smart control element and heating the furnace with an electric heater during periods when electricity is cheap, it ensures the suitability of the indoor climate of the building and reduces the air pollution. At the same time, it balances the demand response ratio in electricity market.","PeriodicalId":403137,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115665969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990881
U. Cetinkaya, R. Bayindir
In the last years, electrical energy generation from distributed generation with small scale has increased drastically. Microgrid is among the basic components in the distributed generation systems. A hybrid microgrid including solar and diesel generator is designed for this study, which can be operated as on-grid or off-grid mode. This microgrid model provides bidirectional power flow in on-grid mode, however off-grid mode it could control voltage stability and load balancing with diesel generator and controllable loads. To show this features of microgrid, the dynamic analyses have been performed according to the different grid conditions.
{"title":"On&Off-Grid Hybrid Microgrid Design and Dynamic Analysis","authors":"U. Cetinkaya, R. Bayindir","doi":"10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990881","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years, electrical energy generation from distributed generation with small scale has increased drastically. Microgrid is among the basic components in the distributed generation systems. A hybrid microgrid including solar and diesel generator is designed for this study, which can be operated as on-grid or off-grid mode. This microgrid model provides bidirectional power flow in on-grid mode, however off-grid mode it could control voltage stability and load balancing with diesel generator and controllable loads. To show this features of microgrid, the dynamic analyses have been performed according to the different grid conditions.","PeriodicalId":403137,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130766375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990872
Yuta Tsuchiya, Y. Hayashi, Y. Fujimoto, Akira Yoshida, Y. Amano
This study proposes a hot water demand prediction method for operational planning of polymer electrolyte fuel cell cogeneration systems (PEFC-CGSs). PEFC-CGSs provide hot water by utilizing waste heat produced in the electricity generation process. An optimal operational plan according to household demand leads to further energy saving. Therefore, operational planning methods based on household demand prediction have received intense focus. In particular, the prediction of the amount of hot water demand is important for efficient operation. The authors have attempted to improve the hot water prediction method based on multivariate random forest (MRF), which uses the average of many decision trees' outputs as the prediction result. However, some experimental results show that a prediction strategy based on averaging the outputs of decision trees does not always lead to the best solution. In this study, the authors propose a novel prediction method utilizing the quantile of the estimation results derived in MRF. By setting the appropriate quantile, we can evade the demand underestimation, which has a higher negative impact on operational efficiency than overestimation. The usefulness of the proposed approach is evaluated via numerical simulations using real-world demand data.
{"title":"Hot Water Demand Prediction Method for Operational Planning of Residential Fuel Cell System","authors":"Yuta Tsuchiya, Y. Hayashi, Y. Fujimoto, Akira Yoshida, Y. Amano","doi":"10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990872","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a hot water demand prediction method for operational planning of polymer electrolyte fuel cell cogeneration systems (PEFC-CGSs). PEFC-CGSs provide hot water by utilizing waste heat produced in the electricity generation process. An optimal operational plan according to household demand leads to further energy saving. Therefore, operational planning methods based on household demand prediction have received intense focus. In particular, the prediction of the amount of hot water demand is important for efficient operation. The authors have attempted to improve the hot water prediction method based on multivariate random forest (MRF), which uses the average of many decision trees' outputs as the prediction result. However, some experimental results show that a prediction strategy based on averaging the outputs of decision trees does not always lead to the best solution. In this study, the authors propose a novel prediction method utilizing the quantile of the estimation results derived in MRF. By setting the appropriate quantile, we can evade the demand underestimation, which has a higher negative impact on operational efficiency than overestimation. The usefulness of the proposed approach is evaluated via numerical simulations using real-world demand data.","PeriodicalId":403137,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130938349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990712
Tan Duy Le, A. Anwar, R. Beuran, S. Loke
The smart grid is a complicated system consisting of communication network and power grid components. There are various powerful simulation tools for communication networks, as well as power systems. However, co-simulation tools are required to reproduce the interaction between cyber-physical components. We conducted a survey overview of various cosimulation tools and their characteristics applicable to smart grid research. We determined that the combination of FCNS, GridLAB-D and ns-3 is a promising direction for smart grid study, improving co-simulation speed by 20%. By applying these tools and the IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder Model, we conducted a case study on the impact of security threats on smart grid demand/response and dynamic pricing applications. The impact of fake data injection and jamming attacks are obvious as a result of our simulation. The findings support related research in the field and can be used for cybersecurity training.
{"title":"Smart Grid Co-Simulation Tools: Review and Cybersecurity Case Study","authors":"Tan Duy Le, A. Anwar, R. Beuran, S. Loke","doi":"10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990712","url":null,"abstract":"The smart grid is a complicated system consisting of communication network and power grid components. There are various powerful simulation tools for communication networks, as well as power systems. However, co-simulation tools are required to reproduce the interaction between cyber-physical components. We conducted a survey overview of various cosimulation tools and their characteristics applicable to smart grid research. We determined that the combination of FCNS, GridLAB-D and ns-3 is a promising direction for smart grid study, improving co-simulation speed by 20%. By applying these tools and the IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder Model, we conducted a case study on the impact of security threats on smart grid demand/response and dynamic pricing applications. The impact of fake data injection and jamming attacks are obvious as a result of our simulation. The findings support related research in the field and can be used for cybersecurity training.","PeriodicalId":403137,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132422342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990767
J. Solis, T. Oka, J. Ericsson, M. Nilsson
Our research aims to develop an adaptive control system for photovoltaic systems with energy storage that adapts after changing different kinds of conditions. In particular, for efficient controlling of battery storage, the precise prediction of electricity consumption is required. Due to the complexity of the proposed research, in this paper, we proposed the simplification of the complexity of the long short-term memory model for the forecasting of the electric energy consumption from a house cooperative in Karlstad, Sweden. Based on the experimental results, there is a 1.233 kWh of mean absolute error and 1.859 kWh of root-mean square error for the predicted energy consumption (validated from testing data collected 7 days after the collected training data for the selected deep learning model).
{"title":"Forecasting of Electric Energy Consumption for Housing Cooperative with a Grid Connected PV System","authors":"J. Solis, T. Oka, J. Ericsson, M. Nilsson","doi":"10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990767","url":null,"abstract":"Our research aims to develop an adaptive control system for photovoltaic systems with energy storage that adapts after changing different kinds of conditions. In particular, for efficient controlling of battery storage, the precise prediction of electricity consumption is required. Due to the complexity of the proposed research, in this paper, we proposed the simplification of the complexity of the long short-term memory model for the forecasting of the electric energy consumption from a house cooperative in Karlstad, Sweden. Based on the experimental results, there is a 1.233 kWh of mean absolute error and 1.859 kWh of root-mean square error for the predicted energy consumption (validated from testing data collected 7 days after the collected training data for the selected deep learning model).","PeriodicalId":403137,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123289323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990803
Yi Ding, Xiaolu Li, Congli Li, Fei Teng, Yue Zheng
The operation of active distribution network (ADN) will take into account more uncertainties, flexibility and diversity provided by the distributed energy resources and flexible loads. The optimization of ADN should be based on a panoramic distribution network model. An architecture of advanced distribution management system is proposed, which the distribution network model resource center is the core layer to integrate the models from the EMS, DMS and EMMS, and to provide model services for the advanced functions. With respect to issues in terms of ambiguous boundaries, information missing or overlapping between multiple models, a boundary device management tool based on IEC 61970 and IEC 61968 CIM is designed, whose main functions include searching boundary devices, overlapping information analysis, model merging and model partitioning.
{"title":"Boundary Device Management Tool for Distribution Network Model Resource Center in Advanced Distribution Management System","authors":"Yi Ding, Xiaolu Li, Congli Li, Fei Teng, Yue Zheng","doi":"10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990803","url":null,"abstract":"The operation of active distribution network (ADN) will take into account more uncertainties, flexibility and diversity provided by the distributed energy resources and flexible loads. The optimization of ADN should be based on a panoramic distribution network model. An architecture of advanced distribution management system is proposed, which the distribution network model resource center is the core layer to integrate the models from the EMS, DMS and EMMS, and to provide model services for the advanced functions. With respect to issues in terms of ambiguous boundaries, information missing or overlapping between multiple models, a boundary device management tool based on IEC 61970 and IEC 61968 CIM is designed, whose main functions include searching boundary devices, overlapping information analysis, model merging and model partitioning.","PeriodicalId":403137,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125136512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990810
L. Saihi, Y. Bakou, A. Harrouz, I. Colak, K. Kayisli, R. Bayindir
This paper present the modeling and robust control nonlinear of active and reactive power by the use the technique sliding mode and backstepping a Double-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) integrated into a wind energy system, The power transfer between the stator and the network is carried out by acting on the rotor via a bidirectional signal converter. The techniquesof control (Sliding Mode) finds its strongest justification to the problem of use of a robust non-linear control law for the model uncertainties. The objective is to apply this controls to command independently the active and the reactive power generated by the asynchronous machine which is decoupled by the orientation of the flux. Simulations results are compared and discussed for control (SMC, backstepping control) based on DFIG combine with wind system, and robustness of controls are tested by parametric variations of the DFIG.
{"title":"A Comparative Study Between Robust Control Sliding Mode and Backstepping of a DFIG Integrated to Wind Power System","authors":"L. Saihi, Y. Bakou, A. Harrouz, I. Colak, K. Kayisli, R. Bayindir","doi":"10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990810","url":null,"abstract":"This paper present the modeling and robust control nonlinear of active and reactive power by the use the technique sliding mode and backstepping a Double-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) integrated into a wind energy system, The power transfer between the stator and the network is carried out by acting on the rotor via a bidirectional signal converter. The techniquesof control (Sliding Mode) finds its strongest justification to the problem of use of a robust non-linear control law for the model uncertainties. The objective is to apply this controls to command independently the active and the reactive power generated by the asynchronous machine which is decoupled by the orientation of the flux. Simulations results are compared and discussed for control (SMC, backstepping control) based on DFIG combine with wind system, and robustness of controls are tested by parametric variations of the DFIG.","PeriodicalId":403137,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116743818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990721
I. Davidson, R. Reddy
The South African government policy to electrify all customers has placed immense demands on the electricity infrastructure. Several new connected customers in line with these government targets and plans are in networks that are already constrained, with the consequence of violating statutory performance requirements and electrical parameters, such as thermal loading, voltage limits and technical losses. Utilities' solutions to remedy these problems sometimes requires huge investments to upgrade infrastructure and this may take years for implementation. In many instances, short-term solutions are available and feasible. This study investigates Solar Roof-Top PV (RTPV) as a renewable energy resource for reticulation (11/22KV) networks. Currently RTPV is not well documented and guided when considering available Grid codes, Guidelines and Standards. This paper demonstrates that RTPV penetration is more worthwhile to consider than capital strengthening/refurbishment projects. The study demonstrates the supportive role of RTPV to meet electrification demands. With increased penetration of RTPV's on distribution networks, there is a benefit to the feeder tail-end voltages with reduced thermal loading and technical losses in distribution networks. This provides Utilities with the opportunity to electrify more customers and defer capital expenditure, while reducing the carbon footprint. The balance of the paper presents an accurate view of RTPV analysis, attributed to the accuracy of data, by using a practical network topology coupled with its related statistical loading. It further takes into account the associated customer connected at the LV transformers. With the imminent influx of RTPV, the results of this study will assist in equipping the South African Electricity Supply Industry (ESI) for the readiness of RTPV and the influence of RTPV on reticulation networks by quantifying the impacts and expectations for the Electric Power Utility and the customer.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Solar Roof-Top PV on Eskom's LV Electric Power Distribution Networks","authors":"I. Davidson, R. Reddy","doi":"10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990721","url":null,"abstract":"The South African government policy to electrify all customers has placed immense demands on the electricity infrastructure. Several new connected customers in line with these government targets and plans are in networks that are already constrained, with the consequence of violating statutory performance requirements and electrical parameters, such as thermal loading, voltage limits and technical losses. Utilities' solutions to remedy these problems sometimes requires huge investments to upgrade infrastructure and this may take years for implementation. In many instances, short-term solutions are available and feasible. This study investigates Solar Roof-Top PV (RTPV) as a renewable energy resource for reticulation (11/22KV) networks. Currently RTPV is not well documented and guided when considering available Grid codes, Guidelines and Standards. This paper demonstrates that RTPV penetration is more worthwhile to consider than capital strengthening/refurbishment projects. The study demonstrates the supportive role of RTPV to meet electrification demands. With increased penetration of RTPV's on distribution networks, there is a benefit to the feeder tail-end voltages with reduced thermal loading and technical losses in distribution networks. This provides Utilities with the opportunity to electrify more customers and defer capital expenditure, while reducing the carbon footprint. The balance of the paper presents an accurate view of RTPV analysis, attributed to the accuracy of data, by using a practical network topology coupled with its related statistical loading. It further takes into account the associated customer connected at the LV transformers. With the imminent influx of RTPV, the results of this study will assist in equipping the South African Electricity Supply Industry (ESI) for the readiness of RTPV and the influence of RTPV on reticulation networks by quantifying the impacts and expectations for the Electric Power Utility and the customer.","PeriodicalId":403137,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116845612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990865
D. Romero, D. Icaza, Javier González
This article presents a study based on successful experiences in Ecuador and originating a systematic study of the use of renewable energy for the Province of Bolivar in Ecuador. The process that follows is the analysis of contribution by contribution of renewable energy to a system proposed as a hybrid, for this a general scheme is carried out, we accompany a flow chart, the fundamental equations that govern the system, it is modeled, we perform simulations and we establish graphs of system behavior under different conditions. The energy sources considered are the photovoltaic-biomass-hydraulic since they are the potentially exploitable in the locality. The above is compared with data from national locations where previous studies were carried out and which are of reference for this project.
{"title":"Technical - Economic Study for the Implementation of Solar Energy in the Presence of Biomass and Micro Hydraulic Generation, for Sectors that do not Have Electricity Supply in the Province of Bolívar-Ecuador","authors":"D. Romero, D. Icaza, Javier González","doi":"10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icSmartGrid48354.2019.8990865","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a study based on successful experiences in Ecuador and originating a systematic study of the use of renewable energy for the Province of Bolivar in Ecuador. The process that follows is the analysis of contribution by contribution of renewable energy to a system proposed as a hybrid, for this a general scheme is carried out, we accompany a flow chart, the fundamental equations that govern the system, it is modeled, we perform simulations and we establish graphs of system behavior under different conditions. The energy sources considered are the photovoltaic-biomass-hydraulic since they are the potentially exploitable in the locality. The above is compared with data from national locations where previous studies were carried out and which are of reference for this project.","PeriodicalId":403137,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127034175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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