This project aims to further our understanding of collaboration practices in small, collocated teams that work in dynamic, time-and safety critical environments. We use emergency room as a natural laboratory for investigating information gathering, sharing and archiving, as well as decision making in trauma teams as they conduct trauma resuscitations. We have observed and analyzed six trauma resuscitations and conducted interviews with trauma team members. We found that every worker has different information needs, which are role specific and change rapidly over time. Information gathering and sharing within trauma teams often become inefficient due to the urgency of situation and the lack of information support technologies. Our future efforts will focus on deriving system requirements for collaborative technologies that could support trauma teams more effectively.
{"title":"Collaborative processes in trauma teams","authors":"Aleksandra Sarcevic","doi":"10.1145/1329112.1329123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1329112.1329123","url":null,"abstract":"This project aims to further our understanding of collaboration practices in small, collocated teams that work in dynamic, time-and safety critical environments. We use emergency room as a natural laboratory for investigating information gathering, sharing and archiving, as well as decision making in trauma teams as they conduct trauma resuscitations. We have observed and analyzed six trauma resuscitations and conducted interviews with trauma team members. We found that every worker has different information needs, which are role specific and change rapidly over time. Information gathering and sharing within trauma teams often become inefficient due to the urgency of situation and the lack of information support technologies. Our future efforts will focus on deriving system requirements for collaborative technologies that could support trauma teams more effectively.","PeriodicalId":403907,"journal":{"name":"Doctoral Consortium Papers of the 2007 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114460132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a work environment that is dominated by distributed work, virtual teams, and knowledge sharing, social capital enabled by computer mediated communication (CMC) has become a critically important, but increasingly more difficult resource for individuals to manage. Social capital is built on the foundation of social interactions; developing and maintaining it relies on communications that are increasingly supported by communication technologies (CT). Various studies have reported that computer-mediated communication (CMC) increases, decreases and has no effect on social capital [10]. These conflicting effects necessitate a disaggregated approach to theoretical understanding and empirical analysis of effects of CMC on social capital. In this research program, I synthesize and extend research on CMC and social capital by theorizing about the influence of CT on structural, cognitive, and relational social capital and thus on the outcomes of the social capital such as information sharing, satisfaction and performance.
{"title":"The influence of computer mediated communication on social capital: a disaggregated approach","authors":"I. Qureshi","doi":"10.1145/1329112.1329120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1329112.1329120","url":null,"abstract":"In a work environment that is dominated by distributed work, virtual teams, and knowledge sharing, social capital enabled by computer mediated communication (CMC) has become a critically important, but increasingly more difficult resource for individuals to manage. Social capital is built on the foundation of social interactions; developing and maintaining it relies on communications that are increasingly supported by communication technologies (CT). Various studies have reported that computer-mediated communication (CMC) increases, decreases and has no effect on social capital [10]. These conflicting effects necessitate a disaggregated approach to theoretical understanding and empirical analysis of effects of CMC on social capital. In this research program, I synthesize and extend research on CMC and social capital by theorizing about the influence of CT on structural, cognitive, and relational social capital and thus on the outcomes of the social capital such as information sharing, satisfaction and performance.","PeriodicalId":403907,"journal":{"name":"Doctoral Consortium Papers of the 2007 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126730333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most CSCW research on informal communication has focused on office environments. I propose to conduct a field study to understand and characterize informal interactions in hospital work, in order to establish design principles that help developers to build adequate technological support for informal interactions in hospital work.
{"title":"Understanding and supporting informal interactions in hospital work","authors":"David A. Mejia","doi":"10.1145/1329112.1329119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1329112.1329119","url":null,"abstract":"Most CSCW research on informal communication has focused on office environments. I propose to conduct a field study to understand and characterize informal interactions in hospital work, in order to establish design principles that help developers to build adequate technological support for informal interactions in hospital work.","PeriodicalId":403907,"journal":{"name":"Doctoral Consortium Papers of the 2007 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126379412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organizations, addressing the call for individual accountability and best practices in data security, are considering the use of a single sign-on (SSO) approach for authentication and password management. However, complexities are introduced when the technology is placed in context, particularly within a healthcare environment. The difficulty emerges in trying to fit authentication that is individually oriented into an environment that is collaborative in nature. As such, there are a multitude of forces exerting tensions on the design decisions and ultimately the adoption of the authentication mechanism. These decisions must address the innate conflict between the top-down organizational policy perspective and the workflow realities. It is the focus of this field study to identify and document these tradeoffs, the decisions made, their implications to the work environment, and ultimately the technology adoption.
{"title":"Individual authentication in a collaborative environment: lessons from a single sign-on implementation","authors":"Rosa R. Heckle","doi":"10.1145/1329112.1329115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1329112.1329115","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations, addressing the call for individual accountability and best practices in data security, are considering the use of a single sign-on (SSO) approach for authentication and password management. However, complexities are introduced when the technology is placed in context, particularly within a healthcare environment. The difficulty emerges in trying to fit authentication that is individually oriented into an environment that is collaborative in nature. As such, there are a multitude of forces exerting tensions on the design decisions and ultimately the adoption of the authentication mechanism. These decisions must address the innate conflict between the top-down organizational policy perspective and the workflow realities. It is the focus of this field study to identify and document these tradeoffs, the decisions made, their implications to the work environment, and ultimately the technology adoption.","PeriodicalId":403907,"journal":{"name":"Doctoral Consortium Papers of the 2007 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"245 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114811923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SimCalc MathWorlds™ (SMW) is a piece of educational software that supports dynamic graph creation and manipulation. The Scaling Up SimCalc study is a controlled, randomized experiment investigating the hypothesis that the students of a wide variety of teachers could benefit from the package of SMW plus curriculum and teacher professional development more than those who were given an alternative, highly rated teaching option. The first year of the study has been completed, and researchers found that students who used the SimCalc package gained significantly more than those in the control group. While this result demonstrates the successful use of technology in class settings, a number of questions still remain. In particular, how do different ways of implementing SimCalc affect students' access to learning resources? I plan to explore the differences between classrooms that have successfully implemented the SimCalc curriculum through a series of case studies.
SimCalc MathWorlds™(SMW)是一款支持动态图形创建和操作的教育软件。scale Up SimCalc研究是一项对照、随机实验，调查的假设是，不同教师的学生从SMW加上课程和教师专业发展的一揽子计划中获益，比那些获得其他高评价教学选择的学生更多。研究的第一年已经结束，研究人员发现，使用SimCalc软件包的学生比对照组的学生获得了更多的收益。虽然这一结果证明了技术在课堂环境中的成功应用，但仍存在一些问题。特别是不同的SimCalc实现方式对学生获取学习资源有何影响?我计划通过一系列案例研究来探索成功实施SimCalc课程的教室之间的差异。
{"title":"Teacher choice and effects of classroom resource utilization in a technological intervention on rate and proportionality","authors":"Margaret Dickey-Kurdziolek","doi":"10.1145/1329112.1329116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1329112.1329116","url":null,"abstract":"SimCalc MathWorlds™ (SMW) is a piece of educational software that supports dynamic graph creation and manipulation. The Scaling Up SimCalc study is a controlled, randomized experiment investigating the hypothesis that the students of a wide variety of teachers could benefit from the package of SMW plus curriculum and teacher professional development more than those who were given an alternative, highly rated teaching option. The first year of the study has been completed, and researchers found that students who used the SimCalc package gained significantly more than those in the control group. While this result demonstrates the successful use of technology in class settings, a number of questions still remain. In particular, how do different ways of implementing SimCalc affect students' access to learning resources? I plan to explore the differences between classrooms that have successfully implemented the SimCalc curriculum through a series of case studies.","PeriodicalId":403907,"journal":{"name":"Doctoral Consortium Papers of the 2007 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"61 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131649262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A thorough study of biomedical research collaboration is necessary to systematically identify the social and technical infrastructure needed to support and improve the development of informatics tools to facilitate biomedical collaboration. This research attempts to do so through an in-depth qualitative study of collaborative biomedical research settings. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and artifact examination. Four broad categories related to collaboration emerged from the preliminary analysis: a) factors contributing to the initiation of collaborative research efforts, b) factors contributing to the sustaining collaboration, c) factors facilitating collaboration, and d) barriers to collaboration.
{"title":"Facilitating collaborative biomedical research","authors":"E. Sally Lee","doi":"10.1145/1329112.1329117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1329112.1329117","url":null,"abstract":"A thorough study of biomedical research collaboration is necessary to systematically identify the social and technical infrastructure needed to support and improve the development of informatics tools to facilitate biomedical collaboration. This research attempts to do so through an in-depth qualitative study of collaborative biomedical research settings. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and artifact examination. Four broad categories related to collaboration emerged from the preliminary analysis: a) factors contributing to the initiation of collaborative research efforts, b) factors contributing to the sustaining collaboration, c) factors facilitating collaboration, and d) barriers to collaboration.","PeriodicalId":403907,"journal":{"name":"Doctoral Consortium Papers of the 2007 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132940845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the institutionalization and commercialization of locative technical infrastructures such as the global positioning system (GPS), the physical world is increasingly becoming one of ubiquitous locatability as well as connectability. This technical backdrop has proven to be an incubator for location-based applications and services, which in turn are engendering a new set of practices. When these practices involve interactions between people, we might call them 'socio-locative.' My research utilizes interviews and artifact tracking to establish a grounded ethnographic understanding of the motivations behind and impacts of these new socio-locative practices. The study design focuses on two social practices that have locative and non-locative variants: photo sharing on Flickr (with and without geotags) and broadcast microbloging via Jaiku (locative) and Twitter (nonlocative). My expected findings include a greater awareness of a new type of hybrid social space that bonds the virtual and material, as well as insights into how locative metadata acts as an organizing force for social interaction.
{"title":"Understanding socio-locative practices","authors":"Ingrid Erickson","doi":"10.1145/1329112.1329113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1329112.1329113","url":null,"abstract":"With the institutionalization and commercialization of locative technical infrastructures such as the global positioning system (GPS), the physical world is increasingly becoming one of ubiquitous locatability as well as connectability. This technical backdrop has proven to be an incubator for location-based applications and services, which in turn are engendering a new set of practices. When these practices involve interactions between people, we might call them 'socio-locative.' My research utilizes interviews and artifact tracking to establish a grounded ethnographic understanding of the motivations behind and impacts of these new socio-locative practices. The study design focuses on two social practices that have locative and non-locative variants: photo sharing on Flickr (with and without geotags) and broadcast microbloging via Jaiku (locative) and Twitter (nonlocative). My expected findings include a greater awareness of a new type of hybrid social space that bonds the virtual and material, as well as insights into how locative metadata acts as an organizing force for social interaction.","PeriodicalId":403907,"journal":{"name":"Doctoral Consortium Papers of the 2007 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"269-270 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133228206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to low participation rates of girls and women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), getting more girls involved in STEM is an important issue. For my dissertation, I am designing, implementing and evaluating an online community for high school girls to foster their interest and participation rate in STEM. My work has three stages: (1) Study the reasons for the girls' lack of interest in STEM; (2) Use the results of this study to design and implement an online community for girls; and (3) Evaluate the effectiveness of the online community and its acceptance among girls.
{"title":"Design, implementation and evaluation of an online community to foster girls' interest and participation in STEM","authors":"D. Schimke","doi":"10.1145/1329112.1329124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1329112.1329124","url":null,"abstract":"Due to low participation rates of girls and women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), getting more girls involved in STEM is an important issue. For my dissertation, I am designing, implementing and evaluating an online community for high school girls to foster their interest and participation rate in STEM. My work has three stages: (1) Study the reasons for the girls' lack of interest in STEM; (2) Use the results of this study to design and implement an online community for girls; and (3) Evaluate the effectiveness of the online community and its acceptance among girls.","PeriodicalId":403907,"journal":{"name":"Doctoral Consortium Papers of the 2007 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132117393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the use of group information management systems (GIMs) for various personal and professional purposes gets widespread, the issue of providing usable support for managing access to the vast amount of user-created content in such open environments becomes more of a concern. This work describes our user-centered approach to developing a framework for designing usable privacy management mechanisms in GIM context. A grounded theory study was conducted, aimed at identifying privacy factors in GIM context from users' perspective. Based on these factors, we propose a design framework for building privacy management mechanisms for GIMs that are usable to the ordinary, non-technical users. Current work includes applying the proposed framework in a real-world GIM system to create a test bed for our framework. Still to come is the evaluation of the resulted privacy management system to see how successful it is in satisfying users' privacy needs.
{"title":"A framework for privacy support in group information management systems","authors":"M. N. Razavi, Lee Iverson","doi":"10.1145/1329112.1329122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1329112.1329122","url":null,"abstract":"As the use of group information management systems (GIMs) for various personal and professional purposes gets widespread, the issue of providing usable support for managing access to the vast amount of user-created content in such open environments becomes more of a concern. This work describes our user-centered approach to developing a framework for designing usable privacy management mechanisms in GIM context. A grounded theory study was conducted, aimed at identifying privacy factors in GIM context from users' perspective. Based on these factors, we propose a design framework for building privacy management mechanisms for GIMs that are usable to the ordinary, non-technical users. Current work includes applying the proposed framework in a real-world GIM system to create a test bed for our framework. Still to come is the evaluation of the resulted privacy management system to see how successful it is in satisfying users' privacy needs.","PeriodicalId":403907,"journal":{"name":"Doctoral Consortium Papers of the 2007 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123558587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interruption management research has focused on identifying the costs of cognitive and social intrusion, largely without considering either who the interruption is from or what the interruption is about. The framework outlined in this paper addresses this issue, proposing a systematic investigation of how such rich contextual knowledge (who/what) can alter people's decision to be interrupted. The first study on interruption management practices in everyday cell phone use demonstrates that the knowledge of "who" is calling is used in deliberate call handling decisions 77.8% of the time (N=880) and that effective call handling decisions rules cannot be derived solely from an interruptee's local social and cognitive context. Two further studies are outlined that will inform the design of interruption management tools for communication media.
{"title":"Human interruptibility: a relational perspective","authors":"Sukeshini A. Grandhi","doi":"10.1145/1329112.1329114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1329112.1329114","url":null,"abstract":"Interruption management research has focused on identifying the costs of cognitive and social intrusion, largely without considering either who the interruption is from or what the interruption is about. The framework outlined in this paper addresses this issue, proposing a systematic investigation of how such rich contextual knowledge (who/what) can alter people's decision to be interrupted. The first study on interruption management practices in everyday cell phone use demonstrates that the knowledge of \"who\" is calling is used in deliberate call handling decisions 77.8% of the time (N=880) and that effective call handling decisions rules cannot be derived solely from an interruptee's local social and cognitive context. Two further studies are outlined that will inform the design of interruption management tools for communication media.","PeriodicalId":403907,"journal":{"name":"Doctoral Consortium Papers of the 2007 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134157707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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