Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) is mandated in the United States to make financial information easier to analyze and more useful for investors. When the technology is implemented as intended, it can standardize the information presented in the financial statements. The format is especially beneficial for nonprofessional investors, which represent approximately 41 million investors investing the United States stock exchange. In this study, we conduct an experiment comparing standard and non-standard financial statements, displayed either online or as traditional paper statements. Results suggest that XBRL’s ability to standardize financial information facilitates investment performance for nonprofessionals, offering evidence on the value of standardizing the presentation of financial statements and additional benefits of XBRL technology.
{"title":"Standardizing the Presentation of Financial Data: Does XBRL's Taxonomy Affect the Investment Performance of Nonprofessional Investors?","authors":"Cassy Henderson","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V15_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V15_5","url":null,"abstract":"Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) is mandated in the United States to make financial information easier to analyze and more useful for investors. When the technology is implemented as intended, it can standardize the information presented in the financial statements. The format is especially beneficial for nonprofessional investors, which represent approximately 41 million investors investing the United States stock exchange. In this study, we conduct an experiment comparing standard and non-standard financial statements, displayed either online or as traditional paper statements. Results suggest that XBRL’s ability to standardize financial information facilitates investment performance for nonprofessionals, offering evidence on the value of standardizing the presentation of financial statements and additional benefits of XBRL technology.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114593589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper surveys a selection of recent research results which use laboratory methods to contribute to our understanding of the accountin g decisions' characteristics and of the accounting decision-making process. During accounting decision modelling process we observed that there are some qualitative factors which const raint the accounting decision-making and that this factors should be modelled by using the so cal led knowledge technologies. We present an example which treats the accounting decisions conce rning fixed assets' management. We discussed the economic decisions, the accounting de cisions, the knowledge required to make the accounting decisions related to fixed assets and th e related models. The necessarily interactive role of theory development, laboratory experimentat ion and field observation is discussed.
{"title":"The Accounting Decisions and Their Modelling by Using Specialized Computer-Based Tools","authors":"Sabina-Cristina Mihalache","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V7_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V7_2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper surveys a selection of recent research results which use laboratory methods to contribute to our understanding of the accountin g decisions' characteristics and of the accounting decision-making process. During accounting decision modelling process we observed that there are some qualitative factors which const raint the accounting decision-making and that this factors should be modelled by using the so cal led knowledge technologies. We present an example which treats the accounting decisions conce rning fixed assets' management. We discussed the economic decisions, the accounting de cisions, the knowledge required to make the accounting decisions related to fixed assets and th e related models. The necessarily interactive role of theory development, laboratory experimentat ion and field observation is discussed.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122327615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we argue that the business model underlying the new economy is based on the following interrelated and self-reinforcing forces: 1. The development of a new strategy of opportunity, which focuses on the use of creative innovation to open up new market spaces, rather than using exploitive innovation to prolong the life of existing products. 2. The democratization of competition thanks to the Internet and to process outsourcing. 3. Taken together, these forces result in a profound shift in the source of value creation in firms from processes and physical assets to people. With the drivers of business success so fundamentally transformed, almost all aspects of the firm and its management also need to change, from valuation, resource allocation and worker compensation, to what it takes to retain workers and promote innovation. But while the rules of business have changed, there has not been a corresponding shift in awareness among most managers. Assuming that there is nothing new in the New Economy is a profound and dangerous mistake. Managers that are so short sighted will find that they have not only lost out on the opportunities that the new economy continues to provide, but that the market downturn has only deferred, rather than eliminated, the threats that change poses to their firms.
{"title":"The opportunity economy : enduring lessons from the ride and fall of the new economy","authors":"Michael G. Alles, A. Alles","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V2_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V2_1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we argue that the business model underlying the new economy is based on the\u0000following interrelated and self-reinforcing forces:\u00001. The development of a new strategy of opportunity, which focuses on the use of creative innovation\u0000to open up new market spaces, rather than using exploitive innovation to prolong the life of\u0000existing products.\u00002. The democratization of competition thanks to the Internet and to process outsourcing.\u00003. Taken together, these forces result in a profound shift in the source of value creation in firms\u0000from processes and physical assets to people.\u0000With the drivers of business success so fundamentally transformed, almost all aspects of the\u0000firm and its management also need to change, from valuation, resource allocation and worker\u0000compensation, to what it takes to retain workers and promote innovation. But while the rules of\u0000business have changed, there has not been a corresponding shift in awareness among most managers.\u0000Assuming that there is nothing new in the New Economy is a profound and dangerous mistake.\u0000Managers that are so short sighted will find that they have not only lost out on the opportunities that\u0000the new economy continues to provide, but that the market downturn has only deferred, rather than\u0000eliminated, the threats that change poses to their firms.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129726279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Internet based corporate reporting is wide spread amongst companies of all sizes in most countries around the world. The development of online reporting practice has been rapid, largely mirroring, and motivated by, the development of the world-wide-web since 1994, being the primary Internet medium for online reporting. A number of studies of these developments have occurred over this time seeking to plot how companies are exploiting the media of the Internet and how they are developing their reporting practices in response to this ubiquitous route to current and potential investors, and other stakeholders. In this paper, we develop this literature further by extending the benchmarks that have been created to monitor this activity since the mid 1990s. This study focuses on the very largest companies in five countries around the world. It examines online reporting practices of 250 companies at the end of 2001 and in early 2002 by creating a detailed attribute analysis of common factors across the companies examined. In addition to illustrating developments in online reporting practices since the previous extensive studies were conducted in 1999 and early 2000, the results provide new insight into recent changes in this domain. It particularly illustrates how newer, more interactive, aspects of Internet technologies are now being exploited to enable us to benchmark these activities to follow their use in the near future. The paper then addresses the relationship between the size of companies and its level of reporting practices, and the differences between reporting practices of large companies listed primarily in the different countries examined. These results illustrate that reporting practices differ significantly between companies in different domains.
{"title":"Developments in Internet financial reporting : review and analysis, across five developed countries","authors":"Amir Allam, A. Lymer","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V3_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V3_6","url":null,"abstract":"Internet based corporate reporting is wide spread amongst companies of all sizes in\u0000most countries around the world. The development of online reporting practice has been\u0000rapid, largely mirroring, and motivated by, the development of the world-wide-web since\u00001994, being the primary Internet medium for online reporting. A number of studies of these\u0000developments have occurred over this time seeking to plot how companies are exploiting the\u0000media of the Internet and how they are developing their reporting practices in response to this\u0000ubiquitous route to current and potential investors, and other stakeholders. In this paper, we\u0000develop this literature further by extending the benchmarks that have been created to monitor\u0000this activity since the mid 1990s. This study focuses on the very largest companies in five\u0000countries around the world. It examines online reporting practices of 250 companies at the\u0000end of 2001 and in early 2002 by creating a detailed attribute analysis of common factors\u0000across the companies examined. In addition to illustrating developments in online reporting\u0000practices since the previous extensive studies were conducted in 1999 and early 2000, the\u0000results provide new insight into recent changes in this domain. It particularly illustrates how\u0000newer, more interactive, aspects of Internet technologies are now being exploited to enable us\u0000to benchmark these activities to follow their use in the near future. The paper then addresses\u0000the relationship between the size of companies and its level of reporting practices, and the\u0000differences between reporting practices of large companies listed primarily in the different\u0000countries examined. These results illustrate that reporting practices differ significantly between\u0000companies in different domains.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129727773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assurance is an essential part of the business process of the modern enterprise. Auditing is a widely used assurance method made mandatory for public companies since 1934. The traditional (retroactive) audit provides after-the-fact audit reports, and is of limited value in the ever changing modern business environment because it is slow and backwards looking. Contemporary auditing and monitoring technologies could shorten the audit and assurance time frame. This paper proposes the predictive audit, a forward looking contemporary audit that will bring the assurance processes, financial and non-financial, closer to the corresponding events. Rather than merely looking backward to historical data and past errors or anomalies, a predictive audit will identify possible exceptions proactively by comparing each transaction to a normative model before that transaction is executed. The paper also discusses the possibility of performing a predictive audit in a preventive manner � a preventive audit where transactions are blocked prior to execution.
{"title":"The Predictive Audit Framework","authors":"Siripan Kuenkaikaew, M. Vasarhelyi","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V13_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V13_2","url":null,"abstract":"Assurance is an essential part of the business process of the modern enterprise. Auditing \u0000is a widely used assurance method made mandatory for public companies since 1934. The \u0000traditional (retroactive) audit provides after-the-fact audit reports, and is of limited value in the ever \u0000changing modern business environment because it is slow and backwards looking. Contemporary \u0000auditing and monitoring technologies could shorten the audit and assurance time frame. This paper \u0000proposes the predictive audit, a forward looking contemporary audit that will bring the assurance \u0000processes, financial and non-financial, closer to the corresponding events. Rather than merely\u0000looking backward to historical data and past errors or anomalies, a predictive audit will identify \u0000possible exceptions proactively by comparing each transaction to a normative model before that \u0000transaction is executed. The paper also discusses the possibility of performing a predictive audit in a \u0000preventive manner � a preventive audit where transactions are blocked prior to execution.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128269886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of information is often taken for more or less granted in research about information systems. This paper introduces a model starting with Shannon and Weaver data transmission model and ends with knowledge transfer between individual persons. The model is in fact an enhanced communication model giving a framework for discussing problems in the communication process. A specific feature of the model is the aim for providing design guidelines in designing the communication process. The article ends with identifying a need for develop the model further to incorporate also communication within and between organisations of different kinds.
{"title":"An enhanced communication model","authors":"Per Flensburg","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V9_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V9_2","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of information is often taken for more or less granted in research about information systems. This paper introduces a model starting with Shannon and Weaver data transmission model and ends with knowledge transfer between individual persons. The model is in fact an enhanced communication model giving a framework for discussing problems in the communication process. A specific feature of the model is the aim for providing design guidelines in designing the communication process. The article ends with identifying a need for develop the model further to incorporate also communication within and between organisations of different kinds.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117057103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Financial and non-financial disclosure play a central role in the functioning of capital markets. In this context, the Internet has been adopted as an effective mechanism for large companies to disseminate corporate information. The institutional theory approach has been applied to identify both formal (fundamentally legal and economic) and informal factors that significantly influence listed companies� level of corporate transparency on the Internet. Our work aims to build on existing study by focusing on two main objectives. Firstly, to make a comparative study of the corporate transparency of listed companies from Mexico and Spain by creating an index of corporate transparency on the Internet (e-CTI). And secondly, to identify the factors that affect this index using multiple regression analysis. Our study population is comprised of 70 companies, of which 35 belong to the Mexican Price and Quotations Index (IPyC) and 35 to the Spanish IBEX 35 index. The descriptive analysis reveals significant differences in the level of information disclosure between the two countries. The companies listed in Mexico obtain an e-CTI of 59%, while the Spanish ones register 80%, i.e. more importance is assigned to the disclosure of corporate governance data in Spain than in Mexico. Furthermore, this analysis shows that the factors most telling with regards to corporate transparency are the strength and application of law, GDP per capita, inflation and firm-level variables such as ownership concentration and Chairman of the Board-Chief Executive Officer (COB-CEO) duality. However, other variables such as board size and composition, profitability, leverage and firm size are not significant for the purposes of this analysis. Our work is of great relevance today, since most studies have focused on developed countries, mainly in the U.S. and Europe, with few comparisons being made between developed and developing countries, such as Spain and Mexico.
{"title":"Corporate information transparency on the Internet by listed companies in Spain (IBEX35) and Mexico (IPYC)","authors":"G. Turrent, L. R. Ariza","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V12_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V12_1","url":null,"abstract":"Financial and non-financial disclosure play a central role in the functioning of capital markets. In this context, the Internet has been adopted as an effective mechanism for large companies to disseminate corporate information. The institutional theory approach has been applied to identify both formal (fundamentally legal and economic) and informal factors that significantly influence listed companies� level of corporate transparency on the Internet. Our work aims to build on existing study by focusing on two main objectives. Firstly, to make a comparative study of the corporate transparency of listed companies from Mexico and Spain by creating an index of corporate transparency on the Internet (e-CTI). And secondly, to identify the factors that affect this index using multiple regression analysis. Our study population is comprised of 70 companies, of which 35 belong to the Mexican Price and Quotations Index (IPyC) and 35 to the Spanish IBEX 35 index. The descriptive analysis reveals significant differences in the level of information disclosure between the two countries. The companies listed in Mexico obtain an e-CTI of 59%, while the Spanish ones register 80%, i.e. more importance is assigned to the disclosure of corporate governance data in Spain than in Mexico. Furthermore, this analysis shows that the factors most telling with regards to corporate transparency are the strength and application of law, GDP per capita, inflation and firm-level variables such as ownership concentration and Chairman of the Board-Chief Executive Officer (COB-CEO) duality. However, other variables such as board size and composition, profitability, leverage and firm size are not significant for the purposes of this analysis. Our work is of great relevance today, since most studies have focused on developed countries, mainly in the U.S. and Europe, with few comparisons being made between developed and developing countries, such as Spain and Mexico.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126277432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using an exploratory research perspective, we examine how multinational firms' executives' motivations map into corporate website performance disclosure. Our focus is on managements' beliefs about the relevance of financial, social and environmental performance disclosures and how these beliefs relate to the firm's website disclosure practices. For 56 companies, we use managers' perceptions along with data captured from websites. Employing factor and regression analysis, we find that executives' perceptions of stakeholders' importance affect their firms' web-based disclosure practices and foci. Additionally, strategic focus, media, size of organization, profitability, leverage and analyst following are found influential in explaining types of performance disclosures made.
{"title":"Performance disclosure on the web: an exploration of the impact of managers¿ perceptions of stakeholder concerns","authors":"W. Aerts, D. Cormier, I. M. Gordon, M. Magnan","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V6_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V6_6","url":null,"abstract":"Using an exploratory research perspective, we examine how multinational firms' executives' motivations map into corporate website performance disclosure. Our focus is on managements' beliefs about the relevance of financial, social and environmental performance disclosures and how these beliefs relate to the firm's website disclosure practices. For 56 companies, we use managers' perceptions along with data captured from websites. Employing factor and regression analysis, we find that executives' perceptions of stakeholders' importance affect their firms' web-based disclosure practices and foci. Additionally, strategic focus, media, size of organization, profitability, leverage and analyst following are found influential in explaining types of performance disclosures made.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127587792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study is to explore the current performance of information technology governance (ITG) in Saudi organizations using the balanced scorecard model introduced by the ITG Institute (ITGI, 2005). An empirical survey was carried out to achieve this purpose. Five hundred questionnaires were randomly distributed to a representative sample of Saudi organizations and the response rate was 29.5%. The results of the study reveal that the vast majority of respondents reported the importance of ITG performance measures. A majority of them reported it had been measured, but a smaller number believe that such measures have actually been used in evaluating the ITG performance in their organizations. The results of this study suggest that Saudi organizations should achieve better governance of their IT in order to ensure that an organization�s IT strategy is aligned with and supports the overall organization�s strategy-- that IT supports the organization�s ability to exploit opportunities and maximize benefits. The results also suggest that Saudi organizations should use their IT resources more responsibly and manage their IT-related risks appropriately in order to champion the IT development for the success of their businesses.
{"title":"Exploring Information Technology Governance (ITG) in Developing Countries: AN Empirical Study","authors":"Ahmad A. Abu-Musa","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V7_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V7_4","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to explore the current performance of information\u0000technology governance (ITG) in Saudi organizations using the balanced scorecard model\u0000introduced by the ITG Institute (ITGI, 2005). An empirical survey was carried out to achieve this\u0000purpose. Five hundred questionnaires were randomly distributed to a representative sample of\u0000Saudi organizations and the response rate was 29.5%. The results of the study reveal that the vast\u0000majority of respondents reported the importance of ITG performance measures. A majority of\u0000them reported it had been measured, but a smaller number believe that such measures have\u0000actually been used in evaluating the ITG performance in their organizations. The results of this\u0000study suggest that Saudi organizations should achieve better governance of their IT in order to\u0000ensure that an organization�s IT strategy is aligned with and supports the overall organization�s\u0000strategy-- that IT supports the organization�s ability to exploit opportunities and maximize\u0000benefits. The results also suggest that Saudi organizations should use their IT resources more\u0000responsibly and manage their IT-related risks appropriately in order to champion the IT\u0000development for the success of their businesses.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"28 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113954974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seokjoo Andrew Chang, Guy D. Fernando, Mohamed E. Hussein, Kinsun Tam
Derivatives were at the center stage of many financial scandals, incidents of massive trading losses, as well as the subprime mortgage crisis of 2008. Monitoring of derivatives transactions is desperately needed. As derivatives trading systems are computerized, management and accountants need to acquire IT knowledge and skills necessary to evaluate computerized internal controls on derivatives. To prepare management and accountants for derivatives control monitoring, this paper discusses implementation of computerized internal controls in relational database management systems over the life cycle of derivatives transactions.
{"title":"Internal control computerization for derivatives","authors":"Seokjoo Andrew Chang, Guy D. Fernando, Mohamed E. Hussein, Kinsun Tam","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V12_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V12_5","url":null,"abstract":"Derivatives were at the center stage of many financial scandals, incidents of massive trading losses, as well as the subprime mortgage crisis of 2008. Monitoring of derivatives transactions is desperately needed. As derivatives trading systems are computerized, management and accountants need to acquire IT knowledge and skills necessary to evaluate computerized internal controls on derivatives. To prepare management and accountants for derivatives control monitoring, this paper discusses implementation of computerized internal controls in relational database management systems over the life cycle of derivatives transactions.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124165410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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