Achiraya Ruangchaisiwawet, Narumit Bankhum, Krittai Tanasombatkul, N. Yingchankul
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare daily total energy intake and macronutrient proportion consumption between poor and good glycemic control type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to March 2022 at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. Patient data was collected using a questionnaire. Dietary intake data was collected using 24-hour dietary recall and was analyzed by a dietitian. Factors and their association with poor glycemic control were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 127 participants, 40.16% had poor glycemic control. The mean HbA1c level in the poor and the good glycemic control group was 7.67±0.61% and 6.39±0.44% respectively (p < 0.001). Among all patients, the mean total energy intake was 1,640.21±495.92 kcal/day, with mean proportions of 51.25% for carbohydrate, 16.56% for protein, and 32.12% for fat. There were no significant differences between the poor and good glycemic control groups in total energy intake (1702.63±503.48 kcal/day vs. 1598.32±489.65 kcal/day, p = 0.247), carbohydrate intake (222.78±89.98 g/day vs. 203.72±79.36 g/day, p = 0.211), protein intake (70.12±21.50 g/day vs. 65.44±21.38 g/day, p = 0.230), or fat intake (58.94±19.26 g/day vs. 57.86±24.33 g/day, p = 0.790). CONCLUSIONS The poor glycemic control group was more likely to consume more total energy and a higher proportion of carbohydrate and fat, which suggests that proper individualized dietary energy intake and diet proportions may enhance nutritional status and glycemic control. KEYWORDS DM, nutrition, diet, calories, glycemic control, consumption
{"title":"Evaluation and Comparison of Daily Total Energy Intake and Macronutrient Proportion Consumption Between Poor vs Good Glycemic Control Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A cross-sectional study at Family Medicine OPD, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand","authors":"Achiraya Ruangchaisiwawet, Narumit Bankhum, Krittai Tanasombatkul, N. Yingchankul","doi":"10.12982/bscm.2023.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/bscm.2023.15","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare daily total energy intake and macronutrient proportion consumption between poor and good glycemic control type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to March 2022 at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. Patient data was collected using a questionnaire. Dietary intake data was collected using 24-hour dietary recall and was analyzed by a dietitian. Factors and their association with poor glycemic control were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 127 participants, 40.16% had poor glycemic control. The mean HbA1c level in the poor and the good glycemic control group was 7.67±0.61% and 6.39±0.44% respectively (p < 0.001). Among all patients, the mean total energy intake was 1,640.21±495.92 kcal/day, with mean proportions of 51.25% for carbohydrate, 16.56% for protein, and 32.12% for fat. There were no significant differences between the poor and good glycemic control groups in total energy intake (1702.63±503.48 kcal/day vs. 1598.32±489.65 kcal/day, p = 0.247), carbohydrate intake (222.78±89.98 g/day vs. 203.72±79.36 g/day, p = 0.211), protein intake (70.12±21.50 g/day vs. 65.44±21.38 g/day, p = 0.230), or fat intake (58.94±19.26 g/day vs. 57.86±24.33 g/day, p = 0.790). CONCLUSIONS The poor glycemic control group was more likely to consume more total energy and a higher proportion of carbohydrate and fat, which suggests that proper individualized dietary energy intake and diet proportions may enhance nutritional status and glycemic control. KEYWORDS DM, nutrition, diet, calories, glycemic control, consumption","PeriodicalId":405540,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Medicine","volume":"74 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kusawadee Plekratoke, Pornthip Waiwut, C. Yenjai, O. Monthakantirat, Pitchayakarn Takomthong, N. Nualkaew, Suresh Awale, Yaowared Chulikhit, S. Daodee, Charinya Khamphukdee, Chantana Boonyarat
OBJECTIVE Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (compound 1) and quercetin- 3-O-rhamnoside (compound 2), two flavonoids isolated from Mesua ferrea L. flowers, were examined for their activities related Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis including antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, anti-beta amyloid (Ab) aggregation and neuroprotection. METHODS The two flavonoids were isolated from M. ferrea L. flowers using the column chromatography technique. Both compounds were evaluated for their effects on AD pathogenesis, including antioxidant action by ABTS assay, AChE inhibition by Ellman’s method, and anti-Ab aggregation by thioflavin T (ThT) assay and neuroprotection by cell base assay. To explain the mechanism of AChE inhibition and anti-Ab aggregation, binding interactions between the test compounds and AChE and Ab were studied in-silico. RESULTS Compounds 1 and 2 showed an ability to scavenge ABTS radicals, with IC50 values of 424.57±2.97 and 308.67±9.90 µM, respectively, and to inhibit AChE function with IC50 values of 769.23±6.23 and 520.64±5.94, respectively. ThT assay indicated that both compounds inhibited Ab aggregation with IC50 values of 406.43±9.95 and 300.69 ±1.18 µM, respectively. The neuroprotection study revealed that the two flavonoids could reduce human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell death induced by H2O2. The in-silico study showed that both compounds bound AChE at catalytic anionic and peripheral anionic sites. In addition, the test compounds prevented Ab aggregation by interacting at the central hydrophobic core, the C-terminal hydrophobic region, and the important residues of Ile41. CONCLUSIONS Together, the results showed that kaempferol-3-O- rhamnoside and quercetin-3-O- rhamnoside exhibit multiple mechanisms of action that are involved in the pathogenesis of AD including antioxidant, AChE inhibition, anti-Ab aggregation, and neuroprotection. KEYWORDS flavonoid rhamnosides, Alzheimer’s disease, oxidation, beta amyloid, acetylcholinesterase, molecular docking
{"title":"Multi-Target Actions of Flavonoid Derivatives from Mesua ferrea Linn Flower against Alzheimer’s disease Pathogenesis","authors":"Kusawadee Plekratoke, Pornthip Waiwut, C. Yenjai, O. Monthakantirat, Pitchayakarn Takomthong, N. Nualkaew, Suresh Awale, Yaowared Chulikhit, S. Daodee, Charinya Khamphukdee, Chantana Boonyarat","doi":"10.12982/bscm.2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/bscm.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (compound 1) and quercetin- 3-O-rhamnoside (compound 2), two flavonoids isolated from Mesua ferrea L. flowers, were examined for their activities related Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis including antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, anti-beta amyloid (Ab) aggregation and neuroprotection. METHODS The two flavonoids were isolated from M. ferrea L. flowers using the column chromatography technique. Both compounds were evaluated for their effects on AD pathogenesis, including antioxidant action by ABTS assay, AChE inhibition by Ellman’s method, and anti-Ab aggregation by thioflavin T (ThT) assay and neuroprotection by cell base assay. To explain the mechanism of AChE inhibition and anti-Ab aggregation, binding interactions between the test compounds and AChE and Ab were studied in-silico. RESULTS Compounds 1 and 2 showed an ability to scavenge ABTS radicals, with IC50 values of 424.57±2.97 and 308.67±9.90 µM, respectively, and to inhibit AChE function with IC50 values of 769.23±6.23 and 520.64±5.94, respectively. ThT assay indicated that both compounds inhibited Ab aggregation with IC50 values of 406.43±9.95 and 300.69 ±1.18 µM, respectively. The neuroprotection study revealed that the two flavonoids could reduce human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell death induced by H2O2. The in-silico study showed that both compounds bound AChE at catalytic anionic and peripheral anionic sites. In addition, the test compounds prevented Ab aggregation by interacting at the central hydrophobic core, the C-terminal hydrophobic region, and the important residues of Ile41. CONCLUSIONS Together, the results showed that kaempferol-3-O- rhamnoside and quercetin-3-O- rhamnoside exhibit multiple mechanisms of action that are involved in the pathogenesis of AD including antioxidant, AChE inhibition, anti-Ab aggregation, and neuroprotection. KEYWORDS flavonoid rhamnosides, Alzheimer’s disease, oxidation, beta amyloid, acetylcholinesterase, molecular docking","PeriodicalId":405540,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Medicine","volume":"4 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139015625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and acceptance of gynecologic cancer patients from the 4 regions of Thailand related to the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS Gynecologic cancer patients from Chiang Mai University Hospital, Khon Kaen University Hospital, Khon Kaen Hospital, Prince of Songkhla University Hospital, and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in Bangkok were surveyed using a WHO survey instrument. RESULTS Between February and September 2022, 1,263 patients partici-pated in this project of whom 1,084 (85.8%) had received the COVID-19 vaccine. The highest rate of vaccination was the NCI followed by Khon Kaen, Chiang Mai, and Songkhla. Of the participants, 28.2% were infected with COVID-19 and 12.9% of the infected participants were unvaccinated. Regarding KAP, the average scale level of overall participants reported ease in obtaining health literacy, a moderate probability of having severe COVID-19 infection, knowledge and adoption of proper appropriate behavior for the prevention of COVID infection, little stress regarding possible COVID-19 infection, and quite a lot of a significant level of trust in healthcare workers. Most participants generally agreed with the lifting of some regular rules to reduce the risk of infection and often many expressed a feeling of general well-being. The significantly different levels of rating scale by unvaccinated and vaccinated participants in the key areas were as follows: (Patients rated each of the areas investigated on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 indicating lowest level of agreement/acceptance and 6 indicating the highest level) health ministry recommendations (3.92 vs. 4.16), ease of getting the COVID vaccine (3.6 vs. 3.9), “no need to receive the vaccine due to the disease being rare” (2.6 vs. 2.2), “stress made me not want to get vaccinated” (2.6 vs. 2.1), “if everyone is vaccinated, no need for me to vaccinate” (2.5 vs. 1.9), and the importance of COVID-19 vaccines (3.7 vs. 4.2). CONCLUSIONS Most gynecologic cancer patients from the 4 regions of Thailand had received the COVID-19 vaccine and exhibited good knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to this pandemic. KEYWORDS COVID-19-vaccine, gynecologic cancer patients, attitude, practice
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Acceptance of Gynecologic Cancer Patients Toward Covid-19 Vaccine in Thailand: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study","authors":"P. Suprasert, Varisa Chuenchitkultavorn, Rattiya Phianpiset, Athithan Rattanaburi, Apiwat Aue-aungkul, Kitiya Vutibenjarasamee, Warangkana Kolaka","doi":"10.12982/bscm.2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/bscm.2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and acceptance of gynecologic cancer patients from the 4 regions of Thailand related to the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS Gynecologic cancer patients from Chiang Mai University Hospital, Khon Kaen University Hospital, Khon Kaen Hospital, Prince of Songkhla University Hospital, and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in Bangkok were surveyed using a WHO survey instrument. RESULTS Between February and September 2022, 1,263 patients partici-pated in this project of whom 1,084 (85.8%) had received the COVID-19 vaccine. The highest rate of vaccination was the NCI followed by Khon Kaen, Chiang Mai, and Songkhla. Of the participants, 28.2% were infected with COVID-19 and 12.9% of the infected participants were unvaccinated. Regarding KAP, the average scale level of overall participants reported ease in obtaining health literacy, a moderate probability of having severe COVID-19 infection, knowledge and adoption of proper appropriate behavior for the prevention of COVID infection, little stress regarding possible COVID-19 infection, and quite a lot of a significant level of trust in healthcare workers. Most participants generally agreed with the lifting of some regular rules to reduce the risk of infection and often many expressed a feeling of general well-being. The significantly different levels of rating scale by unvaccinated and vaccinated participants in the key areas were as follows: (Patients rated each of the areas investigated on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 indicating lowest level of agreement/acceptance and 6 indicating the highest level) health ministry recommendations (3.92 vs. 4.16), ease of getting the COVID vaccine (3.6 vs. 3.9), “no need to receive the vaccine due to the disease being rare” (2.6 vs. 2.2), “stress made me not want to get vaccinated” (2.6 vs. 2.1), “if everyone is vaccinated, no need for me to vaccinate” (2.5 vs. 1.9), and the importance of COVID-19 vaccines (3.7 vs. 4.2). CONCLUSIONS Most gynecologic cancer patients from the 4 regions of Thailand had received the COVID-19 vaccine and exhibited good knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to this pandemic. KEYWORDS COVID-19-vaccine, gynecologic cancer patients, attitude, practice","PeriodicalId":405540,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139017879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acquisition and retention of knowledge and skills of basic (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) for nurse anesthetists at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. METHODS The one-group pretest-posttest design study was used. BLS and ACLS training comprised a brief BLS and ACLS review and practice. Knowledge was assessed by multiple-choice questions. The BLS skills were assessed by observing CPR performance on a Resusci- Anne-skill meter manikin and ACLS skills were evaluated using ACLS scenarios. The knowledge and skills were assessed before and after the training weekly for four weeks, and then at three months after the training ended. RESULTS A total of 38 nurse anesthetists participated in the study. There were significant increases in BLS and ACLS knowledge and skills after the training. However, there was short retention of BLS and ACLS knowledge and skills at three months after the training. Foreign body airway obstruction and assessing unresponsiveness were the two most common of BLS skills degradation. While the primary and secondary assessment, assessing ACLS algorithms, electrocardiogram recognition and electrical therapy were the common skills performance of ACLS skills degradation. CONCLUSIONS After the BLS and ACLS training, the knowledge and skills were significantly improved but there was short retention of knowledge and skills at three months after the training. Regular refreshment of CPR education is recommended to enhance the retention of knowledge and practice of nurse anesthetists KEYWORDS knowledge and skills retention, nurse anesthetists, acquisition, basic life support, advanced cardiac life support
{"title":"An Evaluation of Nurse Anesthetists’ Acquisition and Retention of Knowledge and Skill Performance for Brief Basic Life Support and Advanced Cardiac Life Support Training","authors":"Kunyaporn Suwanna, Tanyong Pipanmekaporn, Visith Siriphuwanun","doi":"10.12982/bscm.2023.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/bscm.2023.09","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acquisition and retention of knowledge and skills of basic (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) for nurse anesthetists at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. METHODS The one-group pretest-posttest design study was used. BLS and ACLS training comprised a brief BLS and ACLS review and practice. Knowledge was assessed by multiple-choice questions. The BLS skills were assessed by observing CPR performance on a Resusci- Anne-skill meter manikin and ACLS skills were evaluated using ACLS scenarios. The knowledge and skills were assessed before and after the training weekly for four weeks, and then at three months after the training ended. RESULTS A total of 38 nurse anesthetists participated in the study. There were significant increases in BLS and ACLS knowledge and skills after the training. However, there was short retention of BLS and ACLS knowledge and skills at three months after the training. Foreign body airway obstruction and assessing unresponsiveness were the two most common of BLS skills degradation. While the primary and secondary assessment, assessing ACLS algorithms, electrocardiogram recognition and electrical therapy were the common skills performance of ACLS skills degradation. CONCLUSIONS After the BLS and ACLS training, the knowledge and skills were significantly improved but there was short retention of knowledge and skills at three months after the training. Regular refreshment of CPR education is recommended to enhance the retention of knowledge and practice of nurse anesthetists KEYWORDS knowledge and skills retention, nurse anesthetists, acquisition, basic life support, advanced cardiac life support","PeriodicalId":405540,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121146172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krittin Wipahut, N. Chaiear, S. Boonjaraspinyo, K. Kongbunkiat, S. Tiamkao, W. Soonthornvinit
OBJECTIVE To explore the proportion of non-severe ischemic stroke patients returning to work (RTW) and to examine the association of demographic, clinical, and evaluative information with RTW outcomes. METHODS This observational study included non-severe ischemic stroke patients at the stroke ward, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand between September 2021 and November 2022. Patients included were over 18-year-old, had NIHSS scores not exceeding 14, were currently employed and wanted to RTW. Patients were assessed at the discharged time, 2-week-follow-up, and 3-month-follow-up. Bivariate analysis was conducted using either Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. RESULTS Sixty-four patients were recruited of whom 4 dropped out, leaving a total of 60. The cumulative proportions of successful RTW patients at the discharged time, 2-week-follow-up, 1-month-follow-up, and 3-month-follow-up were 26.7%, 51.7%, 70%, and 76.7% (95%CI 16.8-38.8, 39.2-64.0, 57.7-80.5, 64.9-86.0), respectively. Most patients could RTW in the first month, then the number plateaued at 3 months. More successful RTW patients included those in cognitive demand occupations, evaluated as normal to minor neurological severity, motor power graded 4-5 at discharge, passed MoCA or MMSE test, and who were rated as independent by either the mRS or the BI. Bivariate analysis revealed statistically significant association between RTW proportion and occupation type, neurological severity, motor power, and ADL disability. CONCLUSIONS Most non-severe ischemic stroke patients could RTW within 3 months after discharge. Occupational type, neurological severi-ty, motor power, and ADL associated with the proportion of RTW (3-month-follow-up). RTW evaluation of non-severe stroke patients should be assessed at short intervals for 3 months after discharge. KEYWORDS return to work, ischemic stroke, occupation, cognition, activities of daily living
{"title":"Proportion of Non-severe Ischemic Stroke Patients Returning to Work","authors":"Krittin Wipahut, N. Chaiear, S. Boonjaraspinyo, K. Kongbunkiat, S. Tiamkao, W. Soonthornvinit","doi":"10.12982/bscm.2023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/bscm.2023.05","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To explore the proportion of non-severe ischemic stroke patients returning to work (RTW) and to examine the association of demographic, clinical, and evaluative information with RTW outcomes. METHODS This observational study included non-severe ischemic stroke patients at the stroke ward, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand between September 2021 and November 2022. Patients included were over 18-year-old, had NIHSS scores not exceeding 14, were currently employed and wanted to RTW. Patients were assessed at the discharged time, 2-week-follow-up, and 3-month-follow-up. Bivariate analysis was conducted using either Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. RESULTS Sixty-four patients were recruited of whom 4 dropped out, leaving a total of 60. The cumulative proportions of successful RTW patients at the discharged time, 2-week-follow-up, 1-month-follow-up, and 3-month-follow-up were 26.7%, 51.7%, 70%, and 76.7% (95%CI 16.8-38.8, 39.2-64.0, 57.7-80.5, 64.9-86.0), respectively. Most patients could RTW in the first month, then the number plateaued at 3 months. More successful RTW patients included those in cognitive demand occupations, evaluated as normal to minor neurological severity, motor power graded 4-5 at discharge, passed MoCA or MMSE test, and who were rated as independent by either the mRS or the BI. Bivariate analysis revealed statistically significant association between RTW proportion and occupation type, neurological severity, motor power, and ADL disability. CONCLUSIONS Most non-severe ischemic stroke patients could RTW within 3 months after discharge. Occupational type, neurological severi-ty, motor power, and ADL associated with the proportion of RTW (3-month-follow-up). RTW evaluation of non-severe stroke patients should be assessed at short intervals for 3 months after discharge. KEYWORDS return to work, ischemic stroke, occupation, cognition, activities of daily living","PeriodicalId":405540,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133062563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anand Bunnachak, E. Tharavichitkul, S. Wanwilairat, W. Nobnop
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the planning target volume (PTV) margin and bladder volume variation of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in cervical cancer using an empty bladder protocol. METHODS Ten patients with cervical cancer who had indications to receive whole pelvic radiotherapy and who had been identified to receive whole pelvic irradiation with a dose of 46-55.2 Gy in 23 fractions planned by VMAT were included. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) Report 83 was used to report plan parameters. The empty bladder protocol is designed for use with all patients before simulation and irradiation. From June 2020 to February 2021, 215 fractions from the 10 patients were evaluated. The ‘all fraction’ set-up errors were recorded using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and were interpreted as error margins using the Van Herk Formula. RESULTS The calculated PTV margins were 0.75, 0.84, and 0.98 cm on the X, Y, and Z-axes, respectively. The median volume of the bladder before irradiation was 40.6 cc, with an interquartile range of 31.9 to 59.2 cc. The average change in bladder volume from the planning volume was 23.56%. CONCLUSIONS Using the empty bladder protocol, the clinical target volume (CTV) to PTV margin was 1 cm following the Van Herk formula. No patients experienced side effects of grade 3 or greater. The empty bladder protocol is a method which can reduce target placement error and reduce patient discomfort without causing serious side effects. KEYWORDS PTV margin, VMAT, IGRT, Cervix cancer, Empty bladder
{"title":"Planning Target Volume Margin Determination for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Planning in Cervix Cancers Using an Empty Bladder Protocol","authors":"Anand Bunnachak, E. Tharavichitkul, S. Wanwilairat, W. Nobnop","doi":"10.12982/bscm.2023.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/bscm.2023.08","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To evaluate the planning target volume (PTV) margin and bladder volume variation of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in cervical cancer using an empty bladder protocol. METHODS Ten patients with cervical cancer who had indications to receive whole pelvic radiotherapy and who had been identified to receive whole pelvic irradiation with a dose of 46-55.2 Gy in 23 fractions planned by VMAT were included. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) Report 83 was used to report plan parameters. The empty bladder protocol is designed for use with all patients before simulation and irradiation. From June 2020 to February 2021, 215 fractions from the 10 patients were evaluated. The ‘all fraction’ set-up errors were recorded using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and were interpreted as error margins using the Van Herk Formula. RESULTS The calculated PTV margins were 0.75, 0.84, and 0.98 cm on the X, Y, and Z-axes, respectively. The median volume of the bladder before irradiation was 40.6 cc, with an interquartile range of 31.9 to 59.2 cc. The average change in bladder volume from the planning volume was 23.56%. CONCLUSIONS Using the empty bladder protocol, the clinical target volume (CTV) to PTV margin was 1 cm following the Van Herk formula. No patients experienced side effects of grade 3 or greater. The empty bladder protocol is a method which can reduce target placement error and reduce patient discomfort without causing serious side effects. KEYWORDS PTV margin, VMAT, IGRT, Cervix cancer, Empty bladder","PeriodicalId":405540,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126959977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE To compare adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) between low-risk and high-risk serum quadruple test for aneuploidy screening. METHODS This cohort design study screened pregnant women who had undergone quad test serum screening in Ratchaburi province, Thailand. The sample of 400 women was divided into two groups, low-risk quad test (n=200) and high-risk quad test (n=200) using random allocation software. Participants were followed up for final outcomes and compared for APOs. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis and risk ratios. RESULTS Of a total of 1,891 pregnant women, 206 (10.8%) had APOs. Of the women with APOs, 92 (46%) had high-risk quad test results and 32 (16%) were in the low-risk quad test group. The incidence of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and chromosome abnormality in the high-risk quad test group were all statistically significantly higher in the high-risk quad test group than in the low-risk quad test group (p = 0.013, 0.001, 0.043 respectively). The high-risk quad test group also had a higher incidence of preterm birth, abortion, gestational diabetic mellitus in high-risk quad test group, but the differences were non-statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS High-risk serum quad test results can help predict the risk of APOs such as preeclampsia, IUGR and chromosome abnormality. KEYWORDS quad test, maternal serum marker, adverse pregnancy outcome
{"title":"Predicting Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes based on Maternal Serum Markers in Quad Test","authors":"Morakot Suwanwanich","doi":"10.12982/bscm.2023.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/bscm.2023.06","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To compare adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) between low-risk and high-risk serum quadruple test for aneuploidy screening. METHODS This cohort design study screened pregnant women who had undergone quad test serum screening in Ratchaburi province, Thailand. The sample of 400 women was divided into two groups, low-risk quad test (n=200) and high-risk quad test (n=200) using random allocation software. Participants were followed up for final outcomes and compared for APOs. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis and risk ratios. RESULTS Of a total of 1,891 pregnant women, 206 (10.8%) had APOs. Of the women with APOs, 92 (46%) had high-risk quad test results and 32 (16%) were in the low-risk quad test group. The incidence of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and chromosome abnormality in the high-risk quad test group were all statistically significantly higher in the high-risk quad test group than in the low-risk quad test group (p = 0.013, 0.001, 0.043 respectively). The high-risk quad test group also had a higher incidence of preterm birth, abortion, gestational diabetic mellitus in high-risk quad test group, but the differences were non-statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS High-risk serum quad test results can help predict the risk of APOs such as preeclampsia, IUGR and chromosome abnormality. KEYWORDS quad test, maternal serum marker, adverse pregnancy outcome","PeriodicalId":405540,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128737756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant commonly used to prevent thromboembolism. Its pharmacodynamics can be affected by interactions with other drugs and dietary supplements, although there is only limited information available on these interactions. One dietary supplement that has been associated with increased international normalized ratio (INR) levels, potentially leading to supratherapeutic levels, is fish oil. However, the data available on this interaction are not extensive. This case study focused on a sixty-nine years old Thai female who was prescribed warfarin at a weekly dose of 30 milligrams (maintaining an INR range of 2.5-3.5) to prevent thromboembolism resulting from atrial fibrillation (AF) following a mechanical valve replacement at the mitral position. The patient began taking fish oil supplements for a period of 2 months. After initiating the fish oil supplement in addition to the warfarin, the patient’s INR had increased from 2.94 to 4.13, although no bleeding symptoms were observed. When combining fish oil with warfarin, it is important for medical professionals to exercise caution and to monitor the INR levels in all cases to ensure safety and optimize efficacy. KEYWORDS warfarin, fish oil, dietary supplement
{"title":"Fish Oil-Induced Elevated International Normalized Ratio in Patients Taking Warfarin: A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Karatpetch Tongkate, Pornwalai Boonmuang, Parnrada Nulsopapon","doi":"10.12982/bscm.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/bscm.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant commonly used to prevent thromboembolism. Its pharmacodynamics can be affected by interactions with other drugs and dietary supplements, although there is only limited information available on these interactions. One dietary supplement that has been associated with increased international normalized ratio (INR) levels, potentially leading to supratherapeutic levels, is fish oil. However, the data available on this interaction are not extensive. This case study focused on a sixty-nine years old Thai female who was prescribed warfarin at a weekly dose of 30 milligrams (maintaining an INR range of 2.5-3.5) to prevent thromboembolism resulting from atrial fibrillation (AF) following a mechanical valve replacement at the mitral position. The patient began taking fish oil supplements for a period of 2 months. After initiating the fish oil supplement in addition to the warfarin, the patient’s INR had increased from 2.94 to 4.13, although no bleeding symptoms were observed. When combining fish oil with warfarin, it is important for medical professionals to exercise caution and to monitor the INR levels in all cases to ensure safety and optimize efficacy. KEYWORDS warfarin, fish oil, dietary supplement","PeriodicalId":405540,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133239062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE Heat shock protein 30 (Hsp30) has been identified as an immunogenic, yeast phase-specific protein in Talaromyces marneffei. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the hsp30 gene and Hsp30 protein are expressed during phase transition and in response to heat and oxidative stress exposure. METHODS Several sequence analysis tools were employed to predict hsp30 control elements and to determine the subcellular localization of Hsp30. In the phase transition experiment, Talaromyces marneffei conidia were cultivated at two different temperatures, 25 °C and 37 °C. Subsequently, stress response tests were conducted by subjecting the yeast cells to heat at 42 °C and by treating them with hydrogen peroxide. The levels of the hsp30 transcript and its protein were measured using real-time RT-PCR and western immunoblot analysis, respectively. RESULTS The sequence analysis revealed the presence of heat response element (HRE), stress responsive element (STRE), and xenobiotic responsive element (XRE), which are typically involved in regulating hsp genes. A web-based tool predicted that Hsp30 protein is localized in cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell membrane. The hsp30 transcript and Hsp30 protein were highly clearly detected in both yeast cells and conidia. Furthermore, the hsp30 transcript in yeast cells was upregulated following heat shock at 42° C and exposure to hydrogen peroxide. These findings indicate that Hsp30 plays a crucial role in assisting the yeast phase of T. marneffei to cope with heat and oxidative stresses. CONCLUSIONS Hsp30 is a protein specific to the conidial and yeast phases of T. marneffei. It likely performs a conserved chaperone function during yeast growth and plays a significant role in stress response by mitigating protein aggregation issues. KEYWORDS Talaromyces marneffei, heat shock protein 30, expression
{"title":"Expression of Heat Shock Protein 30 in Talaromyces marneffei during Phase Transition and in Response to Heat and Oxidative Stresses","authors":"Nuntawat Jundra, A. Kummasook, M. Pongpom","doi":"10.12982/bscm.2023.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/bscm.2023.07","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE Heat shock protein 30 (Hsp30) has been identified as an immunogenic, yeast phase-specific protein in Talaromyces marneffei. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the hsp30 gene and Hsp30 protein are expressed during phase transition and in response to heat and oxidative stress exposure. METHODS Several sequence analysis tools were employed to predict hsp30 control elements and to determine the subcellular localization of Hsp30. In the phase transition experiment, Talaromyces marneffei conidia were cultivated at two different temperatures, 25 °C and 37 °C. Subsequently, stress response tests were conducted by subjecting the yeast cells to heat at 42 °C and by treating them with hydrogen peroxide. The levels of the hsp30 transcript and its protein were measured using real-time RT-PCR and western immunoblot analysis, respectively. RESULTS The sequence analysis revealed the presence of heat response element (HRE), stress responsive element (STRE), and xenobiotic responsive element (XRE), which are typically involved in regulating hsp genes. A web-based tool predicted that Hsp30 protein is localized in cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell membrane. The hsp30 transcript and Hsp30 protein were highly clearly detected in both yeast cells and conidia. Furthermore, the hsp30 transcript in yeast cells was upregulated following heat shock at 42° C and exposure to hydrogen peroxide. These findings indicate that Hsp30 plays a crucial role in assisting the yeast phase of T. marneffei to cope with heat and oxidative stresses. CONCLUSIONS Hsp30 is a protein specific to the conidial and yeast phases of T. marneffei. It likely performs a conserved chaperone function during yeast growth and plays a significant role in stress response by mitigating protein aggregation issues. KEYWORDS Talaromyces marneffei, heat shock protein 30, expression","PeriodicalId":405540,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134241040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is one of three clusters of personality disorders characterized by a pattern of difficulty regulating emotion, impulse control, interpersonal relationships, and self-image. Emotional dysregulation, impulsive aggression, repetitive self-injury, and chronic suicidal tendencies make these individuals frequent users of mental health services. BPD has a variety of causes and involves several factors which interact in various ways with each other. Emotional dysregulation and impulsivity can be caused by genetic factors and traumatic childhood experiences and lead to dysfunctional behaviors, psychosocial conflicts, and deficits that may exacerbate emotional dysregulation and impulsivity. BPD has been linked to anatomical alterations in brain areas in the prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, corpus callosum, and frontolimbic network. These brain changes can lead to the manifestation of the inability to control behavior, feelings, and interpersonal relationships, which often leads to violence. These symptoms may begin at a young age or in early adulthood and tend to continue as the individual ages. The goal of this article is to review how structural changes in the brain can cause BPD. KEYWORDS Borderline personality disorder, MRI in BPD, BPD patients, personality disorders, structural imaging BPD, neurobiology BPD
{"title":"Structural Brain Alterations in Borderline Personality Disorder","authors":"Patcharin Ryden, Chanokporn Choochat","doi":"10.12982/bscm.2023.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/bscm.2023.02","url":null,"abstract":"Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is one of three clusters of personality disorders characterized by a pattern of difficulty regulating emotion, impulse control, interpersonal relationships, and self-image. Emotional dysregulation, impulsive aggression, repetitive self-injury, and chronic suicidal tendencies make these individuals frequent users of mental health services. BPD has a variety of causes and involves several factors which interact in various ways with each other. Emotional dysregulation and impulsivity can be caused by genetic factors and traumatic childhood experiences and lead to dysfunctional behaviors, psychosocial conflicts, and deficits that may exacerbate emotional dysregulation and impulsivity. BPD has been linked to anatomical alterations in brain areas in the prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, corpus callosum, and frontolimbic network. These brain changes can lead to the manifestation of the inability to control behavior, feelings, and interpersonal relationships, which often leads to violence. These symptoms may begin at a young age or in early adulthood and tend to continue as the individual ages. The goal of this article is to review how structural changes in the brain can cause BPD. KEYWORDS Borderline personality disorder, MRI in BPD, BPD patients, personality disorders, structural imaging BPD, neurobiology BPD","PeriodicalId":405540,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121943812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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